Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda
القاعدة
Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg
Bendera Al-Qaeda di Irak (dengan Syahadat)
Tanggal operasi11 Agustus 1988–sekarang
PemimpinAyman al-Zawahiri
WilayahSeluruh Dunia
IdeologiIslam
Fundamental Islam
Sunni Islam[1]
Pan-Islamisme
Salafi jihadi
Wahhabisme
Qutbisme
Status Termasuk dalam Organisasi Teroris Asing oleh Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat[2]
Termasuk dalam Grup Proskibasi Inggris (bedasarkan hukum terroris Inggris) [3]
Termasuk sebagai kelompok teroris oleh Kebijakan Luar Negeri dan Keamanan Uni Eropa[4]
BesarDi Afganistan -50-100[5]
Di Irak - 2,500[6]
Di Maghreb - 300-800
Di Somalia - Belum diketahui
Di Nigeria - Belum diketahui
Di Pakistan - Belum diketahui
Di Mesir - Belum diketahui
In Saudi Arabia - Unknown
Di Yaman - 500-600[7]
Di Suriah - 6,000-10,000 (Al Nusra, keterkaitan tak langsung)[8]

Al-Qaeda (pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [ælˈkaɪdə] atau [ælˈkeɪdə]; bahasa Arab: القاعدة, al-qāʿidah,, transliterasi Indonesia: Al Qa'idah ((Kaidah), "fondasi" atau "dasar") adalah suatu organisasi paramiliter fundamentalis Islam Sunni yang salah satu tujuan utamanya adalah mengurangi pengaruh luar terhadap kepentingan Islam. Al-Qaeda digolongkan sebagai organisasi teroris internasional oleh Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, PBB, Britania Raya, Kanada, Australia, dan beberapa negara lain. Walaupun secara filosofis anggotanya bersifat heterogen, sebagian besar anggota berpengaruh dari organisasi ini dianggap mengikuti manhaj Salafi.

Referensi

Wikidata: Al-Qaeda

  1. ^ Atwan 2006, hlm. 40.
  2. ^ "Foreign Terrorist Organizations List". Amerika Serikat. Diakses 2007-08-03.  – USSD Foreign Terrorist Organization
  3. ^ "Terrorism Act 2000". Home Office. Diakses 2007-08-14.  – Terrorism Act 2000
  4. ^ "Council Decision". Council of the European Union. Diakses 2007-08-14. 
  5. ^ http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat- matrix/archives/2011/04/how_many_al_q aeda_operatives_a.php
  6. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/m iddle_east/surge-in-violence-new-trai ning-camps-show-al-qaida-revival-in-i raq-after-us-troop-withdrawal/2012/10 /09/8133aa96-1232-11e2-9a39-1f5a7f6fe 945_print.html
  7. ^ http://pascalbonifaceaffairesstrategi ques.blogs.nouvelobs.com/archive/2010 /09/16/al-qaida-de-l-afghanistan-au-y emen.html
  8. ^ Ignatius, David (30 November 2012). "Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion". The Washington Post. Diakses 23 June 2013. 

Lihat pula

Bacaan lanjutan

Bibliography
  • Atran, Scott (2010). Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (un)making of Terrorists. New York: Ecco Press. ISBN 978-0-06-134490-9. 
  • Atwan, Abdel Bari (2006). The Secret History of al Qaeda. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24974-5. 
  • Basile, Mark (May 2004). "Going to the Source: Why Al Qaeda's Financial Network Is Likely to Withstand the Current War on Terrorist Financing". Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 27 (3): 169–185. doi:10.1080/10576100490438237. 
  • Benjamin, Daniel; Simon, Steven (2002). The Age of Sacred Terror (ed. 1st). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50859-7. 
  • Bergen, Peter (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (ed. 1st). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-3495-2. 
  • Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda's Leader (ed. 2nd). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-7892-5. 
  • Bergen, Peter; Cruickshank, Paul (June 11, 2008). "The Unraveling: The jihadist revolt against bin Laden". The New Republic 238 (10). hlm. 16–21. Diakses May 4, 2011. 
  • Bergen, Peter (2011). The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and al-Qaeda. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-7893-5. 
  • Bin Laden, Osama (2005). In Lawrence, Bruce. Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden. London: Verso. ISBN 1-84467-045-7. 
  • Cassidy, Robert M. (2006). Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. ISBN 0-275-98990-9. 
  • Coll, Steve (2005). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (ed. 2nd). New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303466-9. 
  • Esposito, John L. (2002). Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515435-5. 
  • Gunaratna, Rohan (2002). Inside Al Qaeda (ed. 1st). London: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-671-1. 
  • Hafez, Mohammed M. (March 2007). "Martyrdom Mythology in Iraq: How Jihadists Frame Suicide Terrorism in Videos and Biographies". Terrorism and Political Violence 19 (1): 95–115. doi:10.1080/09546550601054873. 
  • Hoffman, Bruce (2002). "The Emergence of the New Terrorism". In Tan, Andrew; Ramakrishna, Kumar. The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends, and Counter-Strategies. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press. hlm. 30–49. ISBN 981-210-210-8. 
  • Jansen, Johannes J.G. (1997). The Dual Nature of Islamic Fundamentalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3338-X. 
  • McGeary, Johanna (February 19, 2001). "A Traitor's Tale". TIME 157 (7). hlm. 36–37. Diakses September 15, 2009. 
  • Napoleoni, Loretta (2003). Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Networks. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-2117-8. 
  • Qutb, Sayyid (2003). Milestones. Chicago: Kazi Publications. ISBN 0-911119-42-6. 
  • Rashid, Ahmed (2002) [2000]. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 1-86064-830-4. 
  • Reeve, Simon (1999). The New Jackals: Ramzi Yousef, Osama Bin Laden and the Future of Terrorism. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-407-4. 
  • Riedel, Bruce (2008). The Search for al Qaeda: Its Leadership, Ideology, and Future. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-7414-3. 
  • Sageman, Marc (2004). Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3808-7. 
  • Trofimov, Yaroslav (2006). Faith At War: A Journey On the Frontlines of Islam, From Baghdad to Timbuktu. New York: Picador. ISBN 978-0-8050-7754-4. 
  • Wechsler, William F. (2001). "Strangling The Hydra: Targeting Al Qaeda's Finances". In Hoge, James; Rose, Gideon. How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War. New York: PublicAffairs. hlm. 129–143. ISBN 1-58648-130-4. 
  • Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41486-X. 
  • Wright, Lawrence (June 2, 2008). "The Rebellion Within". The New Yorker 84 (16). hlm. 36–53. Diakses September 15, 2009. 
Reviews
  • Akacem, Mohammed (August 2005). "Review: Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars behind the Terror Networks". International Journal of Middle East Studies 37 (3): 444–445. doi:10.1017/S0020743805362143. 
  • Bale, Jeffrey M. (October 2006). "Deciphering Islamism and Terrorism". Middle East Journal 60 (4): 777–788. 
Government reports

Pranala luar

Media


Sumber :
wiki.ptkpt.net, id.wikipedia.org, ensiklopedia.web.id, dsb.