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Empire State Building


Rekor ketinggian
Tertinggi di dunia dari 1931 sampai 1972^[I]
Didahului oleh	Chrysler Building
Dilewati oleh	Menara Kembar World Trade Center
Informasi umum
Jenis	Perkantoran, observasi
Lokasi	350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10118^[1] Amerika Serikat
Koordinat	^[2]
Dimulai	1929^[3]
Selesai	1931
Biaya	$40.948.900^[4]
Tinggi
Atap	1.250 kaki (381.0 m)
Lantai teratas	1.224 kaki (373.1 m)^[5]
Detil teknis
Jumlah tingkat	102^[5]
Luas	2.248.355 ft² (208,879 m²)^[5]
Jumlah elevator	73^[5]
Desain dan pembangunan
Manajemen	W&H Properties
Kontraktor utama	Starrett Brothers and Eken
Arsitek	Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Pengembang	John J. Raskob
Insinyur struktur	Homer Gage Balcom^[6]

Gedung Empire State
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NYC Landmark
Koordinat:	40°44′54,36″LU 73°59′8,36″BT / 40,73333°LU 73,98333°BB / 40.73333; -73.98333
Dibangun:	1929–31
Arsitek:	Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Gaya arsitektur:	Art Deco
NRHP Reference#:	82001192
Significant dates
Dimasukkan ke NRHP:	17 November 1982
Ditetapkan NHL:	24 Juni 1986
Ditetapkan :	19 Mei 1981
Referensi
^[5]^[7]^[8]

Empire State Building adalah sebuah pencakar langit berlantai 102 yang terletak di Midtown Manhattan, New York City, di persimpangan Fifth Avenue dan West 34th Street. Gedung ini memiliki tinggi puncak 381 meter. Jika menggabungkan menara antenanya, tinggi gedung ini mencapai 443,2 m.^[5] Namanya diambil dari julukan New York, yaitu Empire State. Empire State Building sempat menjadi bangunan tertinggi di dunia selama 40 tahun, sejak selesai dibangun tahun 1931 sampai rampungnya Menara Utara World Trade Center pada tahun 1972. Pasca-serangan 11 September tahun 2001, Empire State Building kembali menjadi bangunan tertinggi di New York (bukan di Amerika Serikat atau dunia). Empire State Building lagi-lagi menjadi bangunan tertinggi kedua di New York pada tanggal 30 April 2012 setelah One World Trade Center yang baru mengalahkan tingginya.^[9] Empire State Building saat ini merupakan pencakar langit rampung tertinggi ketiga di Amerika Serikat (setelah Menara Willis dan Trump International Hotel and Tower di Chicago) dan tertinggi ke-22 di dunia. Gedung ini juga merupakan struktur berdiri bebas tertinggi keempat di Amerika.

Empire State Building pada umumnya menjadi ikon budaya Amerika Serikat. Gedung ini dirancang dengan gaya Art Deco dan dijuluki sebagai salah satu Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Modern oleh American Society of Civil Engineers. Gedung dan interior lantai bawahnya adalah ditetapkan sebagai markah tanah oleh New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission dan New York City Board of Estimate.^[10] Gedung ini ditetapkan sebagai National Historic Landmark pada tahun 1986.^[7]^[11]^[12] Pada tahun 2007, Empire State Building menempati peringkat satu dalam daftar arsitektur terfavorit di Amerika Serikat menurut AIA.

Gedung ini dimiliki oleh 2.800 investor yang tergabung dalam Empire State Building Associates L.L.C.^[13] Empire State Building saat ini menjalani renovasi senilai $550 juta. $120 juta di antaranya dianggarkan untuk mengubah bangunan ini menjadi lebih hemat energi dan ramah lingkungan.^[14] Setelan menerima penilaian emas dari Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) bulan September 2011, Empire State Building menjadi bangunan bersertifikasi LEED tertinggi di Amerika Seirkat.^[15]

Penyewa utama

Saat ini

Air China, Suite 6905^[16]
Boy Scouts of America, Greater New York Councils, Suite 430^[17]
Coty^[18]
Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003^[19]^[20]
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation^[21]
Filipino Reporter, Suite 1007^[19]^[22]
Human Rights Foundation, Suite 4515^[23]
Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor^[19]^[24]
Kaplan International Center, 63rd Floor^[25]
The King's College, Suite 1500^[26]
Li & Fung^[27]
LinkedIn^[28]

Noven Pharmaceuticals^[29]
People's Daily^[30]
Polish Cultural Institute, Suite 4621^[19]^[31] & nbsp;
Turkish Airlines^[32]
World Monuments Fund, Suite 2412^[33]

Sebelumnya

China National Tourist Office^[19] (now located at 370 Lexington Avenue)^[34]
National Film Board of Canada^[19] (now located at 1123 Broadway)^[35]
Nathaniel Branden Institute^[36]
Schenley

Lihat pula

Daftar bangunan berlantai 100 atau lebih
Daftar bangunan tertinggi di dunia
Daftar bangunan tertinggi menurut negara bagian A.S.
Daftar struktur berdiri bebas tertinggi di dunia
Pencakar langit

Catatan kaki

^ The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10118 is assigned as the building's own zip code. Source: USPS.
^ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602. Retrieved July 26, 2009.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Enc-NY-ESB
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama cost
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama skyscraperCenter
^ "Homer G. Balcom, Engineer, Is Dead". The New York Times. July 5, 1938. Diakses August 8, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Empire State Building". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 11, 2007. Diarsipkan dari aslinya pada tanggal 2011-08-28.
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23.
^ "It's official: 1 WTC is New York's new tallest building". NY Daily News. April 30, 2012. Diakses April 30, 2012.
^ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot. AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.) New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8129-3107-6. p.226.
^ Pitts, Carolyn (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark Nomination. National Park Service.
^ "Empire State Building—Accompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. April 26, 1985.
^ "Empire State Building Associates L.L.C. – Empire State Building". SEC.gov. Diakses December 6, 2012.
^ "2009 ULI Fall Meeting & Urban Land Expo — Green Retrofit: What Is Making This the Wave of the Future?" (PDF). Diakses October 11, 2010.
^ "Empire State Building Achieves LEED Gold Certification | Inhabitat New York City". Inhabitat.com. Diakses October 12, 2011.
^ "The Americas." Air China. Retrieved on October 15, 2012. "New York AIR CHINA Ltd.(New York) Empire State Building 350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 6905 New York, NY 10118"
^ Charity Navigator Rating - Boy Scouts of America, Greater New York Councils.
^ Coty expands in Empire State Building.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue." Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
^ Home page. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ FDIC to Move Into Empire State Building.
^ "Contact." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Human Rights Foundation.
^ "Contact." Human Rights Watch. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Kaplan International school at ESB.
^ "The King's College". Diakses November 1, 2008.
^ Empire expansion.
^ The Tangled Tale Behind the Empire State Building's IPO
^ Pharma Firm Bolts Chrysler Building for Empire State.
^ Reds Go Green: Chinese Communist Party Newspaper Signs Empire State Building Lease.
^ Home Page. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Four Tenants Claim Pre-Built Green Suites in Empire State Building.^{[pranala nonaktif]}
^ World Monuments Fund.
^ "Contact Us." China National Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact us." National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ In Answer to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden at his ex-wife's website

Bacaan lanjutan

Aaseng, Nathan (1998). Construction: Building the Impossible. Minneapolis, MN: The Oliver Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-881508-59-5.
Bascomb, Neal (2003). Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-50660-1.
Goldman, Jonathan (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-24455-2.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-012172-3.
Kingwell, Mark (2006). Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10622-0.
Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-40394-4.
Tauranac, John (1995). The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-19678-7.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 978-1-59223-105-8.
Willis, Carol; Friedman, Donald (1998). Building the Empire State. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-73030-2.

Pranala luar

Wikidata: Empire State Building

esbnyc.com, the building's official website
Empire State Building on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
Film footage of the construction of the Empire State Building, 1930
Hearst Magazines (1930-12). Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines. hlm. 920.
Commercial Construction.com
Empire State Building Green Retrofit
Empire State Building Trivia
Empire State Building Information
The Construction of the Empire State Building, 1930–1931, New York Public Library
VIVA2 – Online archive of over 500 construction photographs
Gedung Empire State di database Structurae
Streetscapes: The Empire State Building — slideshow by The New York Times

Rekor
Sebelumnya: Chrysler Building	Struktur tertinggi di dunia 1931–1954	Digantikan oleh: KWTV Mast
	Struktur darat berdiri bebas tertinggi di dunia 1931–1967	Digantikan oleh: Ostankino Tower
	Bangunan tertinggi di dunia 1931–1972	Digantikan oleh: World Trade Center
	Bangunan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat 1931–1972	Digantikan oleh: World Trade Center

Artikel dan topik lain tentang Empire State Building

Garis waktu bangunan tertinggi di New York City

Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church (c. 1643)
Trinity Church (85 m) (1846)
New York World Building (94 m) (1890)
Manhattan Life Insurance Building (100 m) (1894)
Park Row Building (119 m) (1899)
Singer Building (187 m) (1908)
Metropolitan Life Tower (213 m) (1909)
Woolworth Building (241 m) (1913)
40 Wall Street (283 m) (1929)
Chrysler Building (320 m) (1930)
Empire State Building (443 m) (1931)
World Trade Center (526 m) (1973)
Empire State Building (443 m) (2001)
One World Trade Center (541.32 m) (sedang dibangun) (2012)

Pencakar langit supertinggi

Saat ini

Sedang dibangun

Pembangunan ditunda

Al Quds Endowment Tower Barwa Tower Burj Al Alam Dalian International Trade Center Doha Convention Center Tower Dubai Towers Doha India Tower JW Marriott International Finance Centre Lighthouse Tower Pentominium Parc1 Tower A Plaza Rakyat Skycity Square Capital Tower Xiamen Post & Telecommunications Building

Sebelumnya

World Trade Center

Lihat pula: Rencana pencakar langit supertinggi; Daftar arsitek bangunan supertinggi

Tempat wisata populer di New York City

Times Square (35M) • Central Park (20M) • Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2M) • Statue of Liberty (4.24M) • American Museum of Natural History (4M) • Empire State Building (4M) • Museum of Modern Art (2.67M)

Sumber :
id.wikipedia.org, m.andrafarm.com, wiki.kurikulum.org, dsb.