Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat

Michelle Obama, Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat saat ini

Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat (bahasa Inggris: First Lady of the United States) adalah gelar bagi nyonya rumah Gedung Putih. Karena posisi ini secara tradisi diisi oleh istri Presiden Amerika Serikat, gelar ini lebih sering diberikan bagi istri presiden yang sedang menjabat. Namun, ada beberapa perempuan yang bukan istri presiden yang mendapat gelar ini, jika presiden adalah seorang lajang atau duda, atau jika istri presiden tidak dapat memenuhi tugas-tugas sebagai ibu negara. Pada kasus-kasus ini, posisi tersebut diisi oleh kerabat atau teman perempuan dari presiden. Sejak 20 Januari 2009 posisi ini dipegang oleh Michelle Obama.

Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat

NoIbu NegaraMenikahPresidenMulai JabatanAkhir Jabatan
1Portrait painting of Martha WashingtonMartha Custis Washington[1][2]
(née Dandridge)		6 Januari 1759George Washington30 April 17894 Maret 1797
2Portrait painting of Abigail AdamsAbigail Adams[3][4]
(née Smith)		25 Oktober 1764John Adams4 Maret 17974 Maret 1801
3Portrait painting of Martha JeffersonMartha Wayles Skelton Jefferson[5][6]
(née Wayles)		1 Januari 1772Thomas Jefferson—[n 1]—
4Portrait painting of Dolley MadisonDolley Todd Madison[7][8]
(née Payne)		14 September 1794James Madison4 Maret 18094 Maret 1817
5Portrait painting of Elizabeth MonroeElizabeth Monroe[9][10]
(née Kortright)		16 Februari 1786James Monroe4 Maret 18174 Maret 1825
6Portrait engraving of Louisa AdamsLouisa Catherine Adams[11][12]
(née Johnson)		26 Juli 1797John Quincy Adams4 Maret 18254 Maret 1829
7Rachel JacksonRachel Robards Jackson[13][14]
(née Donelson)		7 Januari 1794Andrew Jackson—[n 2]—
8Portrait painting of Hannah Van BurenHannah Van Buren[15][16]
(née Hoes)		7 Januari 1794Martin Van Buren—[n 3]—
9Portrait painting of Anna HarrisonAnna Harrison[17][18]
(née Tuthill Symmes)		22 November 1795William Henry Harrison4 Maret 1841[n 4]4 April 1841
10Portrait painting of Letitia TylerLetitia Tyler[19][20]
(née Christian)		29 Maret 1813John Tyler4 April 184110 September 1842[n 5]
11Portrait painting of Julia TylerJulia Tyler[21][22]
(née Gardiner)		26 Juni 184426 Juni 1844[n 6]4 Maret 1845
12Portrait painting of Sarah PolkSarah Polk[23][24]
(née Childress)		1 Januari 1824James K. Polk4 Maret 18454 Maret 1849
13Portrait painting of Margaret TaylorMargaret Taylor[25][26]
(née Mackall Smith)		21 Juni 1810Zachary Taylor4 Maret 18499 Juli 1850
14Portrait painting of Abigail FillmoreAbigail Fillmore[27][28]
(née Powers)		February 5, 1826Millard Fillmore9 Juli 18504 Maret 1853
15Engraving of Jane PierceJane Pierce[29][30]
(née Means Appleton)		19 November 1834Franklin Pierce4 Maret 18534 Maret 1857
16Portrait photograph of Harriet LaneHarriet Lane[31][32]—[n 7]James Buchanan4 Maret 18574 Maret 1861
17Portrait photograph of Mary LincolnMary Todd Lincoln[33][34]
(née Todd)		4 November 1842Abraham Lincoln4 Maret 186115 April 1865
18Portrait engraving of Eliza JohnsonEliza Johnson[35][36]
(née McCardle)		17 Mei 1827Andrew Johnson15 April 18654 Maret 1869
19Portrait photograph of Julia GrantJulia Boggs Grant[37][38]
(née Dent)		17 Mei 1827Ulysses S. Grant4 Maret 18694 Maret 1877
20Portrait photograph of Lucy HayesLucy Ware Hayes[39][40]
(née Webb)		30 Desember 1852Rutherford B. Hayes4 Maret 18774 Maret 1881
21Portrait photograph of Lucretia GarfieldLucretia Garfield[41][42]
(née Rudolph)		30 Desember 1852James A. Garfield4 Maret 188119 September 1881
22Portrait of Ellen ArthurEllen Lewis Herndon Arthur[43][44]
(née Lewis Herndon)		25 Oktober 1859Chester A. Arthur—[n 8]—
23Portrait of Frances ClevelandFrances Clara Cleveland[45][46]
(née Folsom; later Preston)		2 Juni 1886Grover Cleveland2 Juni 1886[n 9]4 Maret 1889
24Portrait of Caroline HarrisonCaroline Lavinia Harrison[47][48]
(née Scott)		20 Oktober 1853Benjamin Harrison4 Maret 188925 Oktober 1892[n 10]
25Portrait of Frances ClevelandFrances Clara Cleveland[45][46]
(née Folsom; later Preston)		2 Juni 1886Grover Cleveland4 Maret 18934 Maret 1897
26Portrait of Ida McKinleyIda McKinley[49][50]
(née Saxton)		25 Januari 1871William McKinley4 Maret 189714 September 1901
27Portrait of Edith RooseveltEdith Kermit Roosevelt[51][52]
(née Carow)		2 Desember 1886Theodore Roosevelt14 September 19014 Maret 1909
28 Helen Louise Taft[53][54]
(née Herron)		19 Juni 1886William Howard Taft4 Maret 19094 Maret 1913
29Portrait of Ellen WilsonEllen Louise Wilson[55][56]
(née Axson)		19 Juni 1886Woodrow Wilson4 Maret 19136 Agustus 1914[n 11]
30Portrait of Edith WilsonEdith Galt Wilson[57][58]
(née Bolling)		18 Desember 191518 Desember 19154 Maret 1921
31Portrait of Florence HardingFlorence Mabel deWolfe Harding[59][60]
(née Kling)		8 Juli 1891Warren G. Harding4 Maret 19212 Agustus 1923
32Portrait of Grace CoolidgeGrace Anna Coolidge[61][62]
(née Goodhue)		4 Oktober 1905Calvin Coolidge2 Agustus 19234 Maret 1929
33Portrait of Lou HooverLou Hoover[63][64]
(née Henry)		4 Oktober 1905Herbert Hoover4 Maret 19294 Maret 1933
34Portrait of Eleanor RooseveltAnna Eleanor Roosevelt[65][66]
(née Roosevelt)		17 Maret 1905Franklin D. Roosevelt4 Maret 193312 April 1945
35Portrait of Bess TrumanElizabeth Virginia Truman[67][68]
(née Wallace)		28 Juni 1919Harry S. Truman12 April 194520 Januari 1953
36Portrait of Mamie EisenhowerMamie Geneva Eisenhower[69][70]
(née Doud)		1 Juli 1916Dwight D. Eisenhower20 Januari 195320 Januari 1961
37Portrait of Jacqueline KennedyJacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis[71][72]
(née Bouvier, later Onassis)		12 September 1953John F. Kennedy20 Januari 196122 November 1963
38Portrait of Lady Bird JohnsonClaudia "Lady Bird" Alta Johnson[73][74]
(née Taylor)		7 November 1934Lyndon B. Johnson22 November 196320 Januari 1969
39Portrait of Pat NixonThelma "Pat" Catherine Nixon[75][76]
(née Ryan)		21 Juni 1940Richard Nixon20 Januari 19699 Agustus 1974
40Portrait of Betty FordElizabeth "Betty" Ann Warren Ford[77][78]
(née Bloomer)		15 Oktober 1948Gerald Ford9 Agustus 197420 Januari 1977
41Portrait of Rosalynn CarterEleanor Rosalynn Carter[79][80]
(née Smith)		7 Juli 1946Jimmy Carter20 Januari 197720 Januari 1981
42Portrait of Nancy ReaganNancy Davis Reagan[81][82]
(née Robbins, Davis)		6 Maret 1952Ronald Reagan20 Januari 198120 Januari 1989
43Portrait of Barbara BushBarbara Bush[83][84]
(née Pierce)		6 Januari 1945George H. W. Bush20 Januari 198920 Januari 1993
44Portrait of Hillary Rodham ClintonHillary Diane Rodham Clinton[85][86]
(née Rodham)		11 Oktober 1975Bill Clinton20 Januari 199320 Januari 2001
45Portrait of Laura BushLaura Lane Bush[87][88]
(née Welch)		5 November 1977George W. Bush20 Januari 200120 Januari 2009
46Portrait of Michelle ObamaMichelle LaVaughn Obama[89][90]
(née Robinson)		3 Oktober 1992[91]Barack Obama20 Januari 2009Masih Menjabat

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson meninggal dunia pada 1782, sembilan belas tahun sebelum Thomas Jefferson menjadi Presiden. Putri mereka, Martha Jefferson Randolph, berperan sebagai nyonya rumah Gedung Putih dan secara tidak resmi sebagai Ibu Negara selama masa jabatan Thomas Jefferson. Pada saat Martha Randolph berhalangan, Presiden Jefferson meminta Dolley Madison, istri Menteri Luar Negeri, James Madison, sebagai gantinya.[5][6]
  2. ^ Rachel Jackson meninggal dunia pada bulan Desember, 1828, tiga bulan sebelum Andrew Jackson menjadi Presiden. Keponakan Rachel, Emily Donelson, menjabat sebagai nyonya rumah Gedung Putih dan secara tidak resmi sebagai Ibu Negara sampai kematiannya pada tanggal 19 Desember 1836. Jackson putri-di-hukum, Sarah Yorke Jackson, juga menjabat sebagai nyonya rumah Gedung Putih dan secara tidak resmi sebagai Ibu Negara mulai pada tanggal 26 November 1834. Sarah tinggal di Gedung Putih sampai akhir masa jabatan presiden keduanya Jackson pada tanggal 4 Maret 1837. [13][14]
  3. ^ Hannah Van Buren died on February 5, 1819, eighteen years before Martin Van Buren became President. Angelica Singleton Van Buren, Martin's daughter-in-law assumed the role of White House hostess and unofficial First Lady during his incumbency.[15][16]
  4. ^ Anna Harrison, President William Henry Harrison's wife, was too sick to travel with William to Washington D.C. for his inauguration, and asked their daughter-in-law Jane Irwin Harrison to accompany him and act as hostess until her proposed arrival in May. William Harrison died after serving only 31 days in office, and Anna never made the trip to the White House.[17][18]
  5. ^ Letitia Tyler died while her husband, John Tyler, was still in office. Their daughter-in-law, Priscilla Cooper Tyler acted as White House hostess and unofficial First Lady until John Tyler remarried on June 26, 1844.[19][20]
  6. ^ Julia Tyler married John Tyler on June 26, 1844.[21][22]
  7. ^ James Buchanan was a life-long bachelor. His niece, Harriet Lane served as First Lady.[31][32]
  8. ^ Ellen Arthur died in 1880. When Chester A. Arthur became President after James A. Garfield died, he asked his sister, Mary Arthur McElroy to be the White House hostess.[43][44]
  9. ^ Frances Cornelia Folsom married Grover Cleveland on June 2, 1886. Grover entered office on March 4, 1885 as a bachelor; his sister Rose Cleveland served as White House hostess until he and Frances married.[45][46]
  10. ^ Caroline Harrison died while her husband, Benjamin Harrison, was still in office. Their daughter, Mary Harrison McKee acted as White House hostess and unofficial First Lady for the remainder of his incumbency.[47][48]
  11. ^ Ellen Wilson died on August 6, 1914, while her husband Woodrow Wilson was still in office. Their daughter, Margaret Woodrow Wilson, acted as White House hostess and unofficial First Lady until he remarried on December 18, 1915.[55][56]

Referensi

  1. ^ "Biography of Martha Washington". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  2. ^ "First Lady Biography: Martha Washington". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  3. ^ "Biography of Abigail Adams". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  4. ^ "First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  5. ^ a b "Biography of Martha Jefferson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  6. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  7. ^ "Biography of Dolley Madison". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  8. ^ "First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  9. ^ "Biography of Elizabeth Monroe". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  10. ^ "First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  11. ^ "Biography of Louisa Adams". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  12. ^ "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  13. ^ a b "Biography of Rachel Jackson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  14. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  15. ^ a b "Biography of Hannah Van Buren". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  16. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  17. ^ a b "Biography of Anna Harrison". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  18. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  19. ^ a b "Biography of Letitia Tyler". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  20. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  21. ^ a b "Biography of Julia Tyler". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  22. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  23. ^ "Biography of Sarah Polk". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  24. ^ "First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  25. ^ "Biography of Margaret Taylor". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  26. ^ "First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  27. ^ "Biography of Abigail Fillmore". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  28. ^ "First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  29. ^ "Biography of Jane Pierce". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  30. ^ "First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  31. ^ a b "Biography of Harriet Lane". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  32. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  33. ^ "Biography of Mary Lincoln". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  34. ^ "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 9, 2009. 
  35. ^ "Biography of Mary Lincoln". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  36. ^ "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  37. ^ "Biography of Julia Grant". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  38. ^ "First Lady Biography: Julia Grant". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  39. ^ "Biography of Lucy Hayes". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  40. ^ "First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  41. ^ "Biography of Lucretia Garfield". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  42. ^ "First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  43. ^ a b "Biography of Ellen Arthur". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  44. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  45. ^ a b c "Biography of Frances Cleveland". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  46. ^ a b c "First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  47. ^ a b "Biography of Caroline Harrison". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  48. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  49. ^ "Biography of Ida McKinley". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  50. ^ "First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  51. ^ "Biography of Edith Roosevelt". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  52. ^ "First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  53. ^ "Biography of Helen Taft". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  54. ^ "First Lady Biography: Helen Taft". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  55. ^ a b "Biography of Ellen Wilson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  56. ^ a b "First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  57. ^ "Biography of Edith Wilson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  58. ^ "First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  59. ^ "Biography of Florence Harding". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  60. ^ "First Lady Biography: Florence Harding". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  61. ^ "Biography of Grace Coolidge". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  62. ^ "First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  63. ^ "Biography of Lou Hoover". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  64. ^ "First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  65. ^ "Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  66. ^ "First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  67. ^ "Biography of Bess Truman". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  68. ^ "First Lady Biography: Bess Truman". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  69. ^ "Biography of Mamie Eisenhower". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  70. ^ "First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  71. ^ "Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  72. ^ "First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  73. ^ "Biography of Lady Bird Johnson". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  74. ^ "First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  75. ^ "Biography of Pat Nixon". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  76. ^ "First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  77. ^ "Biography of Betty Ford". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  78. ^ "First Lady Biography: Betty Ford". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  79. ^ "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  80. ^ "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  81. ^ "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  82. ^ "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  83. ^ "Biography of Barbara Bush". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  84. ^ "First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  85. ^ "Biography of Hillary Clinton". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  86. ^ "First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  87. ^ "Biography of Laura Bush". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  88. ^ "First Lady Biography: Laura Bush". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  89. ^ "Biography of Laura Bush". Washington, D.C.: The White House. Diakses January 20, 2009. 
  90. ^ "First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama". Canton, Ohio: National First Ladies' Library. Diakses January 10, 2009. 
  91. ^ Fornek, Scott (October 3, 2007). "Michelle Obama: 'He Swept Me Off My Feet'". Chicago Sun-Times. Diakses January 10, 2009. 

Pranala Luar

Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat
 
Martha Washington • Abigail Adams • Martha Jefferson Randolph • Dolley Madison • Elizabeth Monroe • Louisa Adams • Emily Donelson • Sarah Jackson • Angelica Van Buren • Anna Harrison • Jane Harrison • Letitia Tyler • Priscilla Tyler • Julia Tyler • Sarah Polk • Margaret Taylor • Abigail Fillmore • Jane Pierce • Harriet Lane • Mary Lincoln • Eliza Johnson • Julia Grant • Lucy Hayes • Lucretia Garfield • Mary McElroy • Rose Cleveland • Frances Cleveland • Caroline Harrison • Mary Harrison • Frances Cleveland • Ida McKinley • Edith Roosevelt • Helen Taft • Ellen Wilson • Edith Wilson • Florence Harding • Grace Coolidge • Lou Hoover • Eleanor Roosevelt • Bess Truman • Mamie Eisenhower • Jacqueline Kennedy • Lady Bird Johnson • Pat Nixon • Betty Ford • Rosalynn Carter • Nancy Reagan • Barbara Bush • Hillary Clinton • Laura Bush • Michelle Obama
Bendera Amerika Serikat


Sumber :
id.wikipedia.org, discussion.web.id, wiki.pahlawan.web.id, dsb.