Kapitan Cina
Kapitan Cina atau Capitan China pada awalnya merupakan gelar Portugis untuk wakil penempatan Cina.[1][2] Pada abad ke-15, para pemerintah Asia Tenggara (seperti di Melaka dan Banten) memilih untuk berurusan dengan seorang individu daripada setiap kelompok etnik yang tinggal dalam wilayah masing-masing.[3][4] Kaedah pemerintahan secara tak langsung ini turut diwarisi oleh penjajah Portugis yang menaklukan Melaka pada abad ke-16, diikuti oleh kekuasaan Belanda di Hindia Belanda, dan Inggris di Malaya Britania.[3] Setelah berakhirnya zaman penjajahan, gelar Kapitan sekedar hanya untuk penghormatan.[3]
Kapitan Kuala Lumpur
- 1858 - 1861: Hiu Siew
- 1862 - 1868: Liu Ngim Kong
- 1868 - 1885: Yap Ah Loy
- 1885 - 1889: Yap Ah Shak
- 1889 - 1902: Yap Kwan Seng
Kapitan Cina lain
- Koh Lay Huan, Kapitan China Kedah, Kapitan China pertama Pulau Pinang
- Chung Thye Phin, Kapitan China terakhir Perak dan Malaya
- Chung Keng Quee
- Chin Seng Yam, lebih dikenali sebagai Chin Ah Yam, ketua Ghee Hin di Perang Larut
- Tan Ah Hun, Kapitan China Perak pertama, bapak dari Tan Seng Poh dan mertua Seah Eu Chin[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
- Shing Kap, Kapitan China Sungei Ujong, ketua Hai San[17][18]
- Choa Mah Soo, Kapitan China Klias dan Mempakul (circa 1869)[19][20][21]
- Chua Su Cheong, Kapitan China Melaka Belanda dan bapak dari Choa Chong Long[22]
- Chan Yungqua, Kapitan China Melaka (1700-an)[23]
- Ah Poh, Kapitan China of Lipis
- Seah Tye Heng, Kapitan China Skudai, Johore[24]
- Lieu Chin-Fu, Kapitan China Pulai, Kapitan China Kelantan terakhir[25]
- Tan How Seng, Kapitan China Singapura[26]
- Li Kap @ Li Kup @ Lee Wei King, Kapitan China Melaka Belanda, pendiri Tokong Cheng Hoon Teng, penderma Bukit China untuk kegunaan sebagai tanah perkuburan[27][28]
- Wee Sin Hee, Kapitan China Terengganu[29]
- Tin Kap atau Tay Kap, Kapitan China Melaka Portugis, dipercayai satu-satunya Kapitan China yang dilantik oleh Portugis[30][31][32][33][34][35]
- Baba Seng, Kapitan Cina Kedah tahun 1820-an[36]
- Chan Ki Lock atau Chan Kup, Kapitan Cina Malaka Belanda tahun 1704[37]
- Khaw Boo Aun[38]
- Chua Tuah Soon di Muar, Johor
Lihat pula
Rujukan
- ^ The Kapitan System and Secret Societies published in Chinese politics in Malaysia: a history of the Malaysian Chinese Association - Page 14
- ^ Southeast Asia-China interactions: reprint of articles from the Journal of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, Issue 25 of M.B.R.A.S. reprint, 2007, - Page 549
- ^ a b c Ooi, Keat Gin. Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor, p. 711
- ^ Hwang, In-Won. Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Matahtir, p. 56
- ^ A social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, 1800-1911 - Page 232
- ^ A Gallery of Chinese Kapitans, CS Wong
- ^ A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore - Page 77
- ^ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 68 - Page 34
- ^ Triad and Tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and ... - Page 350
- ^ The Straits Settlements, 1826-67: Indian presidency to crown colony - Page 259
- ^ Wong Ah Fook: immigrant, builder, and entrepreneur - Page 85
- ^ Singapore: wealth, power and the culture of control - Page 49
- ^ The Western Malay States, 1850-1873: the effects of commercial development ... - Page 35
- ^ One hundred years' history of the Chinese in Singapore - Page 21
- ^ A social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, 1800-1911 - Page 267
- ^ Toponymics: a study of Singapore street names - Page 345
- ^ Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a survey of the Triad Society from 1800 ... - Page 206
- ^ Chinese epigraphic materials in Malaysia - Page 452
- ^ Studies in the Social History of China and South-east Asia - Page 36
- ^ Pope-Hennesy to C.O., 13 October 1869. Co. 144/20. To F.O., 1 September 1869. F.O. 12/34B. To Lord Knutsford, 25 May 1888. C.O. 133/66
- ^ The Sarawak Museum journal - Page 9, 1963
- ^ The Eastern seas: or, Voyages and adventures in the Indian Archipelago, in ... - Page 363
- ^ European commercial expansion in early modern Asia - Page 273
- ^ Opium and empire: Chinese society in Colonial Singapore, 1800-1910 - Page 195
- ^ Kelantan zaman awal: kajian arkeologi dan sejarah di Malaysia By Hassan Shuhaimi bin Nik Abd. Rahman, 1987, Pg 227
- ^ Ethnic Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia: a dialogue between tradition and modernity by Leo Suryadinata, 2002, Pg 86
- ^ The cultural melting pot By Robert Sin Nyen Tan, 1991, Page 85
- ^ Rites of belonging: memory, modernity, and identity in a Malaysian Chinese ... By Jean Elizabeth DeBernardi Page 27
- ^ Growing Up in Trengganu By Awang Goneng by Monsoon Books, 2007, Page 161
- ^ Reconstructing identities: a social history of the Babas in Singapore by Jürgen Rudolph - Page 149
- ^ The Baba of Melaka: culture and identity of a Chinese peranakan community in ... - Page 64
- ^ The Portuguese Missions in Malacca and Singapore (1511-1958): Malacca - Page 317
- ^ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volumes 11-12, 1933, - Page 1
- ^ Wong, 1963: 1-2, Studies in ASEAN sociology: urban society and social change - Page 232
- ^ Historical Sabah: The Chinese by Danny Tze-Ken Wong, 2005 - Page 57
- ^ Wong C.S., 1963, p. 47, Reconstructing identities: a social history of the Babas in Singapore By Jürgen Rudolph, Page 38
- ^ See historical Malacca in one day - Page 18 by Marcus Scott-Ross - History - 1973
- ^ The overseas Chinese and the 1911 revolution, with special reference to Singapore and Malaya by Yen Ching Hwang, Qinghuang Yan, 1976, Pg 182
Pranala luar
Bibliografi
- Hwang, In-Won (2003). Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Matahtir. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 981-230-185-2
- Lohanda, Mona (1996). The Kapitan Cina of Batavia, 1837-1942. Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-257-X.
- Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-770-5
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