Maria, Ratu Skotlandia
Mary Stuart | |
---|---|
Potret dari Mary setelah François Clouet, c. 1559 | |
Memerintah | 14 Desember 1542 – 24 Juli 1567 |
Koronasi | 9 September 1543 |
Pendahulu | James V |
Pengganti | James VI |
Wali | James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran (1542–1554) Mary of Guise (1554–1560) |
Tenure | 10 Juli 1559 – 5 Desember 1560 |
Pasangan | Francis II dari Perancis m. 1558; dec. 1560 Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley m. 1565; dec. 1567 James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell m. 1567; dec. 1578 |
Anak | |
James VI dari Skotlandia dan I dari Inggris | |
Wangsa | Dinasti Stuart |
Ayah | James V dari Skotlandia |
Ibu | Mary dari Guise |
Lahir | 7/8 December 1542[1] Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgow |
Meninggal | 8 Februari 1587 [2] Kastil Fotheringhay, Northamptonshire |
Dikubur | Katedral Peterborough; Westminster Abbey |
Tanda tangan | |
Agama | Katolik Roma |
Maria, Ratu Skotlandia (bahasa Perancis: Marie, reine des Écossais; lahir 8 Desember 1542 – meninggal 8 Februari 1587 pada umur 44 tahun) adalah Ratu Skotlandia dari 14 Desember 1542 sampai 24 Juli 1567. Dia juga Permaisuri Perancis dari 10 Juli 1559 sampai 5 Desember 1560.
Karena hidupnya yang tragis, dia menjadi salah satu bangsawan Skotlandia yang paling terkenal.
Daftar isi
Keturunan, kelahiran, dan penobatan
Pada abad ke-14 masa pemerintahan Robert II Skotlandia, telah dipastikan bahwa Mahkota Skotlandia harus diberikan kepada pria dalam gari keturunan Robert. Wanita dapat dinobatkan hanya bila tidak ada keturunan pria.
Maria naik takhta karena, dengan kematian James V, tidak ada lagi keturunan pria dari Robert II.
Catatan
- ^ Bishop John Lesley said Mary was born on the 7th, but Mary and John Knox claimed the 8th, which was the feast day of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (Fraser 1994, hlm. 13; Wormald 1988, hlm. 11).
- ^ While Catholic Europe switched to the New Style Gregorian calendar in the 1580s, England and Scotland retained the Old Style Julian calendar until 1752. In this article, dates before 1752 are Old Style, with the exception that years are assumed to start on 1 January rather than 25 March.
Referensi
- Bain, Joseph (editor) (1900). Calendar State Papers, Scotland: Volume II. Edinburgh: General Register Office (Scotland).
- Bingham, Caroline (1995). Darnley: A Life of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Consort of Mary Queen of Scots. London: Constable. ISBN 978-0-09-472530-0.
- Boyd, William K. (editor) (1915). Calendar of State Papers, Scotland: Volume IX. Glasgow: General Register Office (Scotland).
- Clifford, Arthur (editor) (1809). The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co.
- Donaldson, Gordon (1974). Mary, Queen of Scots. London: English Universities Press. ISBN 978-0-340-12383-6.
- Fraser, Antonia (1994) [1969]. Mary Queen of Scots. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-17773-9.
- Greig, Elaine Finnie (2004). "Stewart, Henry, duke of Albany [Lord Darnley] (1545/6–1567)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26473. Diakses 3 March 2012. berlangganan atau keanggotan perpustakaan umum Kerajaan Serikat diperlukan
- Guy, John (2004). "My Heart is my Own": The Life of Mary Queen of Scots. London: Fourth Estate. ISBN 978-1-84115-753-5.
- Lewis, Jayne Elizabeth (1999). The Trial of Mary Queen of Scots: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-21815-7.
- McInnes, Charles T. (editor) (1970). Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland Volume 12. Edinburgh: General Register Office (Scotland).
- Weir, Alison (2008) [2003]. Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0-09-952707-7.
- Williams, Neville (1964). Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke of Norfolk. London: Barrie & Rockliff.
- Wormald, Jenny (1988). Mary, Queen of Scots. London: George Philip. ISBN 978-0-540-01131-5.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Bath, Michael (2008). Emblems for a Queen: The Needlework of Mary Queen of Scots. London: Archetype Publications. ISBN 978-1-904982-36-4.
- Drew, Joseph (1880). The Rival Queens. A sketch, historical and biographical. Compiled from state papers, public records, historical works, and other reliable sources of information by Joseph Drew. Weymouth: Sherren & Son. OCLC 497651394.
- Guy, John (2004). Queen of Scots: The True Life of Mary Stuart. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-25411-8.
- Labanov, A. I. (Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky) (1844). Lettres et Memoires de Marie, Reine d'Ecosse. London: Charles Dolman.
- Marshall, Rosalind (2006). Queen Mary's Women: Female Relatives, Servants, Friends and Enemies of Mary, Queen of Scots. Edinburgh: John Donald. ISBN 978-0-85976-667-8.
- Marshall, Rosalind (2013). Mary, Queen of Scots. Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland. ISBN 978-1-905267-78-1.
- Read, Conyers (1909). The Bardon Papers: Documents relating to the imprisonment and trial of Mary, Queen of Scots. London: Camden Series.
- Swain, Margaret (1973). The Needlework of Mary Queen of Scots. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 978-0-442-29962-0.
- Warnicke, Retha M. (2006). Mary Queen of Scots. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-29182-8.
- Wilkinson, Alexander S. (2004). Mary Queen of Scots and French Public Opinion, 1542–1600. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230286153. ISBN 978-0-230-28615-3.
Pranala luar
- Biography at the official website of the British monarchy
- Biography with primary and secondary sources
- Potret Mary, Queen of Scots di National Portrait Gallery, London
- Furgol, Edward M. (1987). "The Scottish Itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots" (pdf). PSAS 117: 219–231.
Didahului oleh: James Hamilton | Pewaris tahta Skotlandia 1542 | Diteruskan oleh: James Hamilton |
Didahului oleh: James V dari Skotlandia | Ratu Skotlandia 1542-1567 | Diteruskan oleh: James VI dari Skotlandia |
Didahului oleh: Catherine de Médicis | Dauphin Perancis 1558-1559 | Diteruskan oleh: Maria Anna dari Bayern |
Didahului oleh: Catherine de Medicis | Ratu Perancis 1559-1560 | Diteruskan oleh: Elisabeth dari Austria |
Didahului oleh: Elizabeth I | Pewaris Tahta Inggris dan Britania 1558-1587 | Diteruskan oleh: James VI |
Didahului oleh: Jean Gordon | Puteri Bothwell 1567-1578 | Diteruskan oleh: hilang |
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