Synapsida
Synapsids Rentang fosil: 320-100Ma. Descendant taxon Mammalia survives to present. | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimetrodon grandis skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History of U.S.A. | ||||||||||||||
Klasifikasi ilmiah | ||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||
Orders & Suborders | ||||||||||||||
For complete phylogeny, see text. | ||||||||||||||
Sinonim | ||||||||||||||
|
Synapsida ('fused arch'), atau theropsida ('wajah hewan'), kelas hewan yang termasuk mamalia dan segala kerabat dekatnya selain amniota hidup lainnya.[1] Anggota non-mamalia disebut sebagai reptil mirip mammalia dalam sistematika klasik,[2][3] tapi disebut "mamalia batang" atau "proto-mammalia" dalam terminologi cladistic.
Daftar isi
Taksonomi
Classification
- Series Amniota
- CLASS SYNAPSIDA *
- Order Pelycosauria *
- Suborder Caseasauria
- Suborder Eupelycosauria *
- Family Varanopseidae
- Family Ophiacodontidae
- Family Edaphosauridae
- Family Sphenacodontidae *
- Order Therapsida *
- Suborder Biarmosuchia *
- Suborder Dinocephalia
- Suborder Anomodontia
- Suborder Gorgonopsia
- Suborder Therocephalia
- Suborder Cynodontia *
- Family Probainognathidae
- Superfamily Chiniquodontoidea *
- Order Pelycosauria *
- CLASS MAMMALIA
- CLASS SYNAPSIDA *
Filogeni
Synapsida |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Catatan
Referensi
- Benton, Michael J. (2005). Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
- Bramble, D. M.; Jenkins, F. A. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science 262 (5131): 235–240. doi:10.1126/science.8211141.
- Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
- Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher 49 (1): 16–26.
- Hoyt, Donald F. (1997). Synapsid Reptiles. Zoo 138 Vertebrate Zoology Home Page.
- Lambert, David (2001). Dinosaur Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-7894-7935-4.
- Laurin, Michel, and Robert R. Reisz (2007). Synapsida: Mammals and their extinct relatives. Version 6 April 2007. The Tree of Life Web Project.
Bacaan Lanjut
- Colbert, E. H. (1969). Evolution of the Vertebrates (ed. 2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0471164666.
Lihat pula
- Anapsida
- Diapsida
- Euryapsida
- Daftar synapsida
- Klasifikasi mamalia
- Mamalia prasejarah
- Paleontology Vertebrata
- Garis waktu evolusi
Pranala luar
- Synapsida - Pelycosauria - at Palaeos
- Transitional Vertebrate Fossils - includes description of important transitional genera in the evolutionary sequence linking primitive synapsids to mammals
Kategori:
|
m.andrafarm.com, wiki.nomor.net, id.wikipedia.org, dsb.