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BBN Technologies

BBN Technologies
TypeSubsidiary of Raytheon
Founder(s)Leo Beranek and Richard Bolt
HeadquartersCambridge, Massachusetts
Websitewww.bbn.com
Dr. Talib Hussain, senior scientist at BBN Technologies, looks over the shoulder of a recruit during a training session on the Virtual Environments for Ship and Shore Experiential Learning system at Recruit Training Command.

BBN Technologies (originally Bolt, Beranek and Newman) is an American high-technology company which provides research and development services. BBN is based next to Fresh Pond in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. It is perhaps best known for its work in the development of packet switching (including the ARPANET and the Internet) and for its 1978 acoustical analysis for the House Select Committee on the assassination of John F. Kennedy, but it is also a military contractor, primarily for DARPA.[citation needed] BBN has been referred to as the "third university" of Cambridge, after MIT and Harvard.[1]

Contents

History

Founded in 1948, by Leo Beranek and Richard Bolt, professors at MIT, with Bolt's former student Robert Newman, Bolt, Beranek and Newman started life as an acoustical consulting company. Their first contract was consultation for the design of the acoustics of the United Nations Assembly Hall in New York. Subsequent commissions included MIT's Kresge Auditorium (1954), Tanglewood's Koussevitzky Music Shed (1959), Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall (1962), the Cultural Center of the Philippines (1969) and Baltimore's Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall (1978).[citation needed] They have examined the Richard Nixon tape with the 18 minutes erased during the Watergate scandal[citation needed] and the Dictabelt evidence which was purportedly a recording of the JFK assassination.[citation needed]

The substantial calculations required for acoustics work led to an interest, and later business opportunities, in computing. BBN was a pioneer in developing computer models of roadway and aircraft noise, and in designing noise barriers near highways.[citation needed] Some of this technology was used in landmark legal cases where BBN scientists were expert witnesses.[citation needed] BBN bought a number of computers in the late 1950s and early 1960s, notably the first production PDP-1 from Digital Equipment Corporation.[citation needed] BBN was involved in building some of the earliest Internet networks, including ARPANET, MILNET, CSNET, and NEARNET.

A number of well-known computer luminaries have worked at BBN, including John Seely Brown, Jerry Burchfiel, Richard Burton, Allan Collins, William Crowther, John Curran, Wally Feurzeig, Ed Fredkin, Bob Kahn, J. C. R. Licklider, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Dan Murphy, Severo Ornstein, Seymour Papert, Oliver Selfridge, Bob Thomas, Ray Tomlinson, and Peiter "Mudge" Zatko, Bernie Cosell.

Former board members include Jim Breyer, Anita K. Jones and Gilman Louie.

On December 21, 2012 BBN Technologies was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.[2]

Spin-offs and mergers

In 1989, BBN's acoustical consulting business was spun off into a new corporation, Acentech Incorporated, located across the street from BBN headquarters in Cambridge.[3]

BBN formed an early ISP in 1994 as its BBN Planet division.[4] Previously traded as "BBN" on the stock market, the company was purchased by GTE in 1997 as a wholly owned subsidiary.[5] BBN Planet was joined with GTE's national fiber network to become GTE Internetworking, "powered by BBN".

When GTE and Bell Atlantic merged to become Verizon in 2000, the ISP division of BBN was included in assets spun off as Genuity to satisfy FCC requirements, leaving behind the remainder of BBN Technologies. Genuity was later acquired out of bankruptcy by Level 3 Communications in 2003.[6]

In March 2004, Verizon sold the remainder of the company, by then known as BBNT Solutions LLC, to a group of private investors from Accel Partners, General Catalyst Partners, In-Q-Tel and BBN's own management,[7] making BBN an independent company for the next five years.

In September 2009, Raytheon entered into an agreement to acquire BBN as a wholly owned subsidiary.[8] The acquisition was completed on October 29, 2009[9] and the company was valued at approximately $350 million.[10]

Former BBN employees have formed about a hundred startup companies with varying levels of official involvement, including Parlance Corporation and EveryZing.[11]

Locations and subsidiaries

As of 2013, BBN Technologies maintains offices in:[12]

  • Cambridge Highlands, Cambridge, Massachusetts
  • Columbia, Maryland
  • St. Louis Park, Minnesota
  • O'Fallon, Illinois
  • Newport East, Middletown, Rhode Island near Naval Station Newport[13]
  • Rosslyn, Arlington, Virginia near Washington, D.C.

Digital Force Technologies (DFT) of San Diego, California is a wholly owned BBN subsidiary, purchased in June 2008.[14]

Computer technologies

Some of BBN's notable developments in the field of computer networks are the implementation and operation of the ARPANET; the first person-to-person network email sent[15] and the use of the @ sign in an email address;[16] the first Internet protocol router (then called an Interface Message Processor);[17] the Voice Funnel, an early predecessor of voice over IP; and work on the development of TCP. Other well-known BBN computer-related innovations include the first time-sharing system, the LOGO programming language, the TOPS-20 (TENEX) operating system, the Colossal Cave Adventure game, the first link-state routing protocol, and a series of mobile ad-hoc networks starting in the 1970s.[citation needed] BBN also is well known for its parallel computing systems, including the Pluribus, and the BBN Butterfly computers, which have been used for such tasks as warfare simulation for the U.S. Navy.[18]

BBN was the first networking organization to receive an Autonomous System Number (AS1) for network identification.[19] ASNs are an essential identification element used for Internet Backbone Routing. Lower numbers generally indicate a longer established presence on the Internet. AS1 is now operated by Level 3 Communications following their acquisition of Genuity.

Today, BBN leads a wide range of research and development projects, including the standardization effort for Internet security architecture (IPsec), the networking technology in the Joint Tactical Radio System, mobile ad hoc networks, advanced speech recognition, the military's Boomerang mobile shooter detection system, and quantum cryptography. BBN is also part of the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) project for the National Science Foundation which includes a $11.5 million grant for 33 research teams.[20]

See also

  • DARWARS, a military simulation game developed with DARPA since 2003
  • George G. Robertson
  • Richard E. Hayden

References

  1. ^ "40 Years After Sparking the Internet, BBN’s Long Search for a Home Ends…At Home". 2009-09-02. Retrieved 2013-01-03. , quoting Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet by Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon (1998)
  2. ^ "President Obama Honors Nation’s Top Scientists and Innovators". Retrieved 2013-02-11. 
  3. ^ "Acentech Acoustic Solutions: Company Overview & Acoustical Services". Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  4. ^ http://bbn.com/about/timeline/
  5. ^ "GTE-BBN merger complete". 1997-08-15. Retrieved 2013-01-03. 
  6. ^ "Level 3's Acquisition of Genuity Earns Court Approval". 2003-01-27. Retrieved 2013-01-03. 
  7. ^ "BBNT Solutions Acquisition Finalized". 2004-03-01. Retrieved 2012-01-03. 
  8. ^ "Raytheon Announces Agreement to Purchase BBN Technologies". Waltham, Mass.: PR Newswire. 1 September 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2009. 
  9. ^ "Raytheon Completes Acquisition of BBN Technologies". McKinney, Texas: PR Newswire. 26 October 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2009. 
  10. ^ "Raytheon buys BBN for 'about $350m'". The Register. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2012. 
  11. ^ "BBN, birthplace of 100 startups, focuses on game tech". 2009-07-16. Retrieved 2013-01-23. 
  12. ^ http://bbn.com/contact
  13. ^ http://www.riedc.com/success-stories/ bbntechnologies
  14. ^ "BBN Technologies and Digital Force Technologies Partner for Growth". 2008-06-24. Retrieved 2013-01-03. 
  15. ^ Tomlinson, Ray. "The First Email: "A Neat Idea"". corporate website. BBN. Retrieved 1971. 
  16. ^ Tomlinson, Ray. "The @ Sign: Icon for the Digital Age". corporate website. BBN. Retrieved 1971. 
  17. ^ http://www.sri.com/newsroom/press-rel eases/computer-history-museum-sri-int ernational-and-bbn-celebrate-40th-ann iversary
  18. ^ http://www.bbn.com/technology/
  19. ^ Postel, Jon; Jim Vernon (January 1983). Assigned Numbers. IETF. RFC 820. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc820. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  20. ^ "GENI Project Office at BBN Technologies Announces $115.M in NSF Funding". Retrieved January 6, 2013. 

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