List of RNA structure prediction software - Sistem Telekomunikasi

This list of RNA structure prediction software is a compilation of software tools and web portals used for RNA structure prediction.

1 Single sequence secondary structure prediction
2 Single sequence tertiary structure prediction
3 Comparative methods
4 Inter molecular interactions: RNA-RNA
5 Inter molecular interactions: MicroRNA:UTR
6 ncRNA gene prediction software
7 Family specific gene prediction software
8 RNA homology search software
9 Benchmarks
10 Alignment viewers/editors
11 Inverse Folding/RNA design
12 Secondary structure viewers/editors
13 See also
14 References

Single sequence secondary structure prediction

Name	Description	Knots ^{[Note 1]}	Links	References
CentroidFold	Secondary structure prediction based on generalized centroid estimator	no	sourcecode webserver	^[1]
CentroidHomfold	Secondary structure prediction by using homologous sequence information	no	sourcecode webserver	^[2]
Context Fold	An RNA secondary structure prediction software based on feature-rich trained scoring models.	no	sourcecode webserver	^[3]
CONTRAfold	Secondary structure prediction method based on conditional log-linear models (CLLMs), a flexible class of probabilistic models which generalize upon SCFGs by using discriminative training and feature-rich scoring.	no	sourcecode webserver	^[4]
CyloFold	Secondary structure prediction method based on placement of helices allowing complex pseudoknots.	yes	webserver	^[5]
KineFold	Folding kinetics of RNA sequences including pseudoknots by including an implementation of the partition function for knots.	yes	linuxbinary, webserver	^[6]^[7]
Mfold	MFE (Minimum Free Energy) RNA structure prediction algorithm.	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[8]
Pknots	A dynamic programming algorithm for optimal RNA pseudoknot prediction using the nearest neighbour energy model.	yes	sourcecode	^[9]
PknotsRG	A dynamic programming algorithm for the prediction of a restricted class of RNA pseudoknots.	yes	sourcecode, webserver	^[10]
RNA123	Secondary structure prediction via thermodynamic-based folding algorithms and novel structure-based sequence alignment specific for RNA.	yes	webserver
RNAfold	MFE RNA structure prediction algorithm. Includes an implementation of the partition function for computing basepair probabilities and circular RNA folding.	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[8]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]
RNAshapes	MFE RNA structure prediction based on abstract shapes. Shape abstraction retains adjacency and nesting of structural features, but disregards helix lengths, thus reduces the number of suboptimal solutions without losing significant information. Furthermore, shapes represent classes of structures for which probabilities based on Boltzmann-weighted energies can be computed.	no	source & binaries, webserver	^[15]^[16]
RNAstructure	A program to predict lowest free energy structures and base pair probabilities for RNA or DNA sequences. Programs are also available to predict Maximum Expected Accuracy structures and these can include pseudoknots. Structure prediction can be constrained using experimental data, including SHAPE, enzymatic cleavage, and chemical modification accessibility. Graphical user interfaces are available for Windows and for Mac OS-X/Linux. Programs are also available for use with Unix-style text interfaces. Additionally, a C++ class library is available.	yes	source & binaries	^[17]^[18]
Sfold	Statistical sampling of all possible structures. The sampling is weighted by partition function probabilities.	no	webserver	^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]
UNAFold	The UNAFold software package is an integrated collection of programs that simulate folding, hybridization, and melting pathways for one or two single-stranded nucleic acid sequences.	no	sourcecode	^[23]
Crumple	Crumple is simple, cleanly written software for producing the full set of possible secondary structures for a single sequence, given optional constraints.	no	sourcecode	^[24]
Sliding Windows & Assembly	Sliding windows and assembly is a tool chain for folding long series of similar hairpins.	no	sourcecode	^[24]
Notes ^ Knots: Pseudoknot prediction, <yes\|no>.

Single sequence tertiary structure prediction

Name	Description	Knots ^{[Note 1]}	Links	References
BARNACLE	A Python library for the probabilistic sampling of RNA structures that are compatible with a given nucleotide sequence and that are RNA-like on a local length scale.	yes	sourcecode	^[25]
FARNA	Automated de novo prediction of native-like RNA tertiary structures .	yes	sourcecode	^[26]
iFoldRNA	three-dimensional RNA structure prediction and folding	yes	webserver	^[27]
MC-Fold MC-Sym Pipeline	Thermodynamics and Nucleotide cyclic motifs for RNA structure prediction algorithm. 2D and 3D structures.	yes	sourcecode, webserver	^[28]
NAST	Coarse-grained modeling of large RNA molecules with knowledge-based potentials and structural filters	?	sourcecode	^[29]
RNA123	An integrated platform for de novo and homology modeling of RNA 3D structures, where coordinate file input, sequence editing, sequence alignment, structure prediction and analysis features are all accessed from a single intuitive graphical user interface.	yes	webserver
RNAComposer	Fully automated prediction of large RNA 3D structures.	yes	webserver webserver	^[30]
Notes ^ Knots: Pseudoknot prediction, <yes\|no>.

Comparative methods

The single sequence methods mentioned above have a difficult job detecting a small sample of reasonable secondary structures from a large space of possible structures. A good way to reduce the size of the space is to use evolutionary approaches. Structures that have been conserved by evolution are far more likely to be the functional form. The methods below use this approach.

Name	Description	Number of sequences ^{[Note 1]}	Alignment ^{[Note 2]}	Structure ^{[Note 3]}	Knots ^{[Note 4]}	Link	References
Carnac	Comparative analysis combined with MFE folding.	any	no	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[31]^[32]
CentroidAlifold	Common secondary structure prediction based on generalized centroid estimator	any	yes	no	no	sourcecode webserver	^[33]
CentroidAlign	Fast and accurate multiple aligner for RNA sequences	any	yes	no	no	sourcecode	^[34]
CMfinder	an expectation maximization algorithm using covariance models for motif description. Uses heuristics for effective motif search, and a Bayesian framework for structure prediction combining folding energy and sequence covariation.	$3\le seqs \le60$	yes	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver, website	^[35]
CONSAN	implements a pinned Sankoff algorithm for simultaneous pairwise RNA alignment and consensus structure prediction.	2	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[36]
Dynalign	an algorithm that improves the accuracy of structure prediction by combining free energy minimization and comparative sequence analysis to find a low free energy structure common to two sequences without requiring any sequence identity.	2	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[37]^[38]^[39]
FoldalignM	A multiple RNA structural RNA alignment method, to a large extend based on the PMcomp program.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[40]
FRUUT	A pairwise RNA structural alignment tool based on the comparison of RNA trees. Considers alignments in which the compared trees can be rooted differently (with respect to the standard “external loop” corresponding roots), and/or permuted with respect to branching order.	any	yes	input	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[41]
GraphClust	Fast RNA structural clustering method of local RNA secondary structures. Predicted clusters are refined using LocARNA and CMsearch. Due to the linear time complexity for clustering it is possible to analyse large RNA datasets.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[42]
KNetFold	Computes a consensus RNA secondary structure from an RNA sequence alignment based on machine learning.	any	input	yes	yes	linuxbinary, webserver	^[43]
LARA	Produce a global fold and alignment of ncRNA families using integer linear programming and Lagrangian relaxation.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[44]
LocaRNA	LocaRNA is the successor of PMcomp with an improved time complexity. It is a variant of Sankoff's algorithm for simultaneous folding and alignment, which takes as input pre-computed base pair probability matrices from McCaskill's algorithm as produced by RNAfold -p. Thus the method can also be viewed as way to compare base pair probability matrices.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[45]
MASTR	A sampling approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo in a simulated annealing framework, where both structure and alignment is optimized by making small local changes. The score combines the log-likelihood of the alignment, a covariation term and the basepair probabilities.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[46]^[47]
Multilign	This method uses multiple Dynalign calculations to find a low free energy structure common to any number of sequences. It does not require any sequence identity.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[48]
Murlet	a multiple alignment tool for RNA sequences using iterative alignment based on Sankoff's algorithm with sharply reduced computational time and memory.	any	yes	yes	no	webserver	^[49]
MXSCARNA	a multiple alignment tool for RNA sequences using progressive alignment based on pairwise structural alignment algorithm of SCARNA.	any	yes	yes	no	webserver sourcecode	^[50]
PARTS	A method for joint prediction of alignment and common secondary structures of two RNA sequences using a probabilistic model based on pseudo free energies obtained from precomputed base pairing and alignment probabilities.	2	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[51]
Pfold	Folds alignments using a SCFG trained on rRNA alignments.	$\le40$	input	yes	no	webserver	^[52]^[53]
PETfold	Formally integrates both the energy-based and evolution-based approaches in one model to predict the folding of multiple aligned RNA sequences by a maximum expected accuracy scoring. The structural probabilities are calculated by RNAfold and Pfold.	any	input	yes	no	sourcecode	^[54]
PMcomp/PMmulti	PMcomp is a variant of Sankoff's algorithm for simultaneous folding and alignment, which takes as input pre-computed base pair probability matrices from McCaskill's algorithm as produced by RNAfold -p. Thus the method can also be viewed as way to compare base pair probability matrices. PMmulti is a wrapper program that does progressive multiple alignments by repeatedly calling pmcomp	$2\le seqs \le6$	yes	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[55]
RNAG	A Gibbs sampling method to determine a conserved structure and the structural alignment.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[56]
R-COFFEE	uses RNAlpfold to compute the secondary structure of the provided sequences. A modified version of T-Coffee is then used to compute the multiple sequence alignment having the best agreement with the sequences and the structures. R-Coffee can be combined with any existing sequence alignment method.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[57]^[58]
TurboFold	This algorithm predicts conserved structures in any number of sequences. It uses probabilistic alignment and partition functions to map conserved pairs between sequences, and then iterates the partition functions to improve structure prediction accuracy	any	no	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[59]^[60]
RNA123	The structure based sequence alignment (SBSA) algorithm within RNA123 utilizes a novel suboptimal version of the Needleman-Wunsch global sequence alignment method that fully accounts for secondary structure in the template and query. It also utilizes two separate substitution matrices that are optimized for RNA helices and single stranded regions. The SBSA algorithm provides >90% accurate sequence alignments even for structures as large as bacterial 23S rRNA (~2800 nts).	any	yes	yes	yes	webserver
RNAalifold	Folds precomputed alignments using a combination of free-energy and a covariation measures. Ships with the Vienna package.	any	input	yes	no	homepage	^[11]^[61]
RNAcast	enumerates the near-optimal abstract shape space, and predicts as the consensus an abstract shape common to all sequences, and for each sequence, the thermodynamically best structure which has this abstract shape.	any	no	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[62]
RNAforester	Compare and align RNA secondary structures via a "forest alignment" approach.	any	yes	input	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[63]^[64]
RNAmine	Frequent stem pattern miner from unaligned RNA sequences is a software tool to extract the structural motifs from a set of RNA sequences.	any	no	yes	no	webserver	^[65]
RNASampler	A probabilistic sampling approach that combines intrasequence base pairing probabilities with intersequence base alignment probabilities. This is used to sample possible stems for each sequence and compare these stems between all pairs of sequences to predict a consensus structure for two sequences. The method is extended to predict the common structure conserved among multiple sequences by using a consistency-based score that incorporates information from all the pairwise structural alignments.	any	yes	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[66]
SCARNA	Stem Candidate Aligner for RNA (Scarna) is a fast, convenient tool for structural alignment of a pair of RNA sequences. It aligns two RNA sequences and calculates the similarities of them, based on the estimated common secondary structures. It works even for pseudoknotted secondary structures.	2	yes	yes	no	webserver	^[67]
SimulFold	simultaneously inferring RNA structures including pseudoknots, alignments, and trees using a Bayesian MCMC framework.	any	yes	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[68]
Stemloc	a program for pairwise RNA structural alignment based on probabilistic models of RNA structure known as Pair stochastic context-free grammars.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[69]
StrAl	an alignment tool designed to provide multiple alignments of non-coding RNAs following a fast progressive strategy. It combines the thermodynamic base pairing information derived from RNAfold calculations in the form of base pairing probability vectors with the information of the primary sequence.	$\le50$	yes	no	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[70]
TFold	A tool for predicting non-coding RNA secondary structures including pseudoknots. It takes in input an alignment of RNA sequences and returns the predicted secondary structure(s).It combines criteria of stability, conservation and covariation in order to search for stems and pseudoknots. Users can change different parameters values, set (or not) some known stems (if there are) which are taken into account by the system, choose to get several possible structures or only one, search for pseudoknots or not, etc.	any	yes	yes	yes	webserver	^[71]
WAR	a webserver that makes it possible to simultaneously use a number of state of the art methods for performing multiple alignment and secondary structure prediction for noncoding RNA sequences.	$2\le seqs \le50$	yes	yes	no	webserver	^[72]
Xrate	a program for analysis of multiple sequence alignments using phylogenetic grammars, that may be viewed as a flexible generalization of the "Pfold" program.	any	yes	yes	no	sourcecode	^[73]
Notes ^ Number of sequences: <any\|num>. ^ Alignment: predicts an alignment, <input\|yes\|no>. ^ Structure: predicts structure, <input\|yes\|no>. ^ Knots: Pseudoknot prediction, <yes\|no>.

Inter molecular interactions: RNA-RNA

Many ncRNAs function by binding to other RNAs. For example, miRNAs regulate protein coding gene expression by binding to 3' UTRs, small nucleolar RNAs guide post-transcriptional modifications by binding to rRNA, U4 spliceosomal RNA and U6 spliceosomal RNA bind to each other forming part of the spliceosome and many small bacterial RNAs regulate gene expression by antisense interactions E.g. GcvB, OxyS and RyhB.

Name	Description	Intra-molecular structure	Comparative	Link	References
GUUGle	A utility for fast determination of RNA-RNA matches with perfect hybridization via A-U, C-G, and G-U base pairing.	no	no	webserver	^[74]
IntaRNA	Efficient target prediction incorporating the accessibility of target sites	yes	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[75]^[76]^[77]
NUPACK	Computes the full unpseudoknotted partition function of interacting strands in dilute solution. Calculates the concentrations, mfes, and base-pairing probabilities of the ordered complexes below a certain complexity. Also computes the partition function and basepairing of single strands including a class of pseudoknotted structures. Also enables design of ordered complexes.	yes	no	NUPACK	^[78]
OligoWalk/RNAstructure	Predicts bimolecular secondary structures with and without intramolecular structure. Also predicts the hybridization affinity of a short nucleic acid to an RNA target.	yes	no	[1]	^[79]
piRNA	calculates the partition function and thermodynamics of RNA-RNA interactions. It considers all possible joint secondary structure of two interacting nucleic acids that do not contain pseudoknots, interaction pseudoknots, or zigzags.	yes	no	linuxbinary	^[80]
RNAaliduplex	Based upon RNAduplex with bonuses for covarying sites	no	yes	sourcecode	^[11]
RNAcofold	works much like RNAfold, but allows to specify two RNA sequences which are then allowed to form a dimer structure.	yes	no	sourcecode	^[11]^[81]
RNAduplex	computes optimal and suboptimal secondary structures for hybridization. The calculation is simplified by allowing only inter-molecular base pairs.	no	no	sourcecode	^[11]
RNAhybrid	a tool for finding the minimum free energy hybridisation of a long and a short RNA.	no	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[82]^[83]
RNAup	calculates the thermodynamics of RNA-RNA interactions. RNA-RNA binding is decomposed into two stages. (1) First the probability that a sequence interval (e.g. a binding site) remains unpaired is computed. (2) Then the binding energy given that the binding site is unpaired is calculated as the optimum over all possible types of bindings.	yes	no	sourcecode	^[11]^[84]

Inter molecular interactions: MicroRNA:UTR

MicroRNAs regulate protein coding gene expression by binding to 3' UTRs, there are tools specifically designed for predicting these interactions. For an evaluation of target prediction methods on high-throughput experimental data see (Selbach et al., Nature 2008) ^[85] and (Alexiou et al., Bioinformatics 2009)^[86]

Name	Description	Species Specific	Intra-molecular structure	Comparative	Link	References
Diana-microT	DIANA-microT 3.0 is an algorithm based on several parameters calculated individually for each microRNA and it combines conserved and non-conserved microRNA recognition elements into a final prediction score.	human, mouse	no	yes	webserver	^[87]
MicroTar	An animal miRNA target prediction tool based on miRNA-target complementarity and thermodynamic data.	no	no	no	sourcecode	^[88]
miTarget	microRNA target gene prediction using a support vector machine.	no	no	no	webserver	^[89]
PicTar	Combinatorial microRNA target predictions.	8 vertebrates	no	yes	predictions	^[90]
PITA	Incorporates the role of target-site accessibility, as determined by base-pairing interactions within the mRNA, in microRNA target recognition.	no	yes	no	executable, webserver, predictions	^[91]
RNA22	The first link (predictions) provides RNA22 predictions for all protein coding transcripts in human, mouse, roundworm, and fruit fly. It allows you to visualize the predictions within a cDNA map and also find transcripts where multiple miR's of interest target. The second web-site link (custom) first finds putative microRNA binding sites in the sequence of interest, then identifies the targeted microRNA.	no	no	no	predictions custom	^[92]
RNAhybrid	a tool for finding the minimum free energy hybridisation of a long and a short RNA.	no	no	no	sourcecode, webserver	^[82]^[83]
Sylamer	Sylamer is a method for finding significantly over or under-represented words in sequences according to a sorted gene list. Typically it is used to find significant enrichment or depletion of microRNA or siRNA seed sequences from microarray expression data.	no	no	no	sourcecode webserver	^[93]^[94]
TAREF	TAREF stands for TARget REFiner. It predicts microRNA targets on the basis of multiple feature information derived from the flanking regions of the predicted target sites where traditional structure prediction approach may not be successful to assess the openness. It also provides an option to use encoded pattern to refine filtering.	Yes	no	no	server/sourcecode	^[95]
p-TAREF	p-TAREF stands for plant TARget REFiner. It identifies plant microRNA targets on the basis of multiple feature information derived from the flanking regions of the predicted target sites where traditional structure prediction approach may not be successful to assess the openness. It also provides an option to use encoded pattern to refine filtering. It first time employed power of machine learning approach with scoring scheme through Support Vector Regression(SVR) while considering structural and alignment aspects of targeting in plants with plant specific models. p-TAREF has been implemented in concurrent architecture in server as well as standalone form, making it one of the very few available target identification tools able to run concurrently on simple desktops while performing huge transcriptome level analysis accurately and fast. Besides this, it also provides an option to experimentally validate the predicted targets, on the spot, using expression data, which has been integrated in its back-end, to draw confidence on prediction along with SVR score.p-TAREF performance benchmarking has been done extensively through different tests and compared with other plant miRNA target identification tools. p-TAREF was found better performing.	Yes	no	no	server/standalone
TargetScan	Predicts biological targets of miRNAs by searching for the presence of conserved 8mer and 7mer sites that match the seed region of each miRNA. Predictions are ranked using site number, site type, and site context, which includes factors that influence target-site accessibility.	vertebrates, flies, nematodes	evaluated indirectly	yes	sourcecode, webserver	^[96]^[97]^[98]^[99]

ncRNA gene prediction software

Name	Description	Number of sequences ^{[Note 1]}	Alignment ^{[Note 2]}	Structure ^{[Note 3]}	Link	References
Alifoldz	Assessing a multiple sequence alignment for the existence of an unusual stable and conserved RNA secondary structure.	any	input	yes	sourcecode	^[100]
EvoFold	a comparative method for identifying functional RNA structures in multiple-sequence alignments. It is based on a probabilistic model-construction called a phylo-SCFG and exploits the characteristic differences of the substitution process in stem-pairing and unpaired regions to make its predictions.	any	input	yes	linuxbinary	^[101]
MSARi	heuristic search for statistically significant conservation of RNA secondary structure in deep multiple sequence alignments.	any	input	yes	sourcecode	^[102]
QRNA	This is the code from Elena Rivas that accompanies a submitted manuscript "Noncoding RNA gene detection using camparative sequence analysis". QRNA uses comparative genome sequence analysis to detect conserved RNA secondary structures, including both ncRNA genes and cis-regulatory RNA structures.	2	input	yes	sourcecode	^[103]^[104]
RNAz	program for predicting structurally conserved and thermodynamic stable RNA secondary structures in multiple sequence alignments. It can be used in genome wide screens to detect functional RNA structures, as found in noncoding RNAs and cis-acting regulatory elements of mRNAs.	any	input	yes	sourcecode, webserver RNAz 2	^[105]^[106]^[107]
Xrate	a program for analysis of multiple sequence alignments using phylogenetic grammars, that may be viewed as a flexible generalization of the "Evofold" program.	any	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[73]
Notes ^ Number of sequences: <any\|num>. ^ Alignment: predicts an alignment, <input\|yes\|no>. ^ Structure: predicts structure, <input\|yes\|no>.

Family specific gene prediction software

Name	Description	Family	Link	References
ARAGORN	ARAGORN detects tRNA and tmRNA in nucleotide sequences.	tRNA tmRNA	webserver source	^[108]
miRNAminer	Given a search query, candidate homologs are identified using BLAST search and then tested for their known miRNA properties, such as secondary structure, energy, alignment and conservation, in order to assess their fidelity.	MicroRNA	webserver	^[109]
RISCbinder	Prediction of guide strand of microRNAs.	Mature miRNA	webserver	^[110]
RNAmicro	A SVM-based approach that, in conjunction with a non-stringent filter for consensus secondary structures, is capable of recognizing microRNA precursors in multiple sequence alignments.	MicroRNA	homepage	^[111]
RNAmmer	RNAmmer uses HMMER to annotate rRNA genes in genome sequences. Profiles were built using alignments from the European ribosomal RNA database^[112] and the 5S Ribosomal RNA Database.^[113]	rRNA	webserver source	^[114]
SnoReport	Uses a combination of RNA secondary structure prediction and machine learning that is designed to recognize the two major classes of snoRNAs, box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs, among ncRNA candidate sequences.	snoRNA	sourcecode	^[115]
SnoScan	Search for C/D box methylation guide snoRNA genes in a genomic sequence.	C/D box snoRNA	sourcecode, webserver	^[116]^[117]
snoSeeker	snoSeeker includes two snoRNA-searching programs, CDseeker and ACAseeker, specific to the detection of C/D snoRNAs and H/ACA snoRNAs, respectively. snoSeeker has been used to scan four human–mammal whole-genome alignment (WGA) sequences and identified 54 novel candidates including 26 orphan candidates as well as 266 known snoRNA genes.	snoRNA	webserver,stand-alone	^[118]
tRNAscan-SE	a program for the detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence.	tRNA	sourcecode, webserver	^[117]^[119]
miRNAFold	A fast ab initio software for searching for microRNA precursors in genomes.	microRNA	webserver	^[120]

RNA homology search software

Name	Description	Link	References
ERPIN	"Easy RNA Profile IdentificatioN" is an RNA motif search program reads a sequence alignement and secondary structure, and automatically infers a statistical "secondary structure profile" (SSP). An original Dynamic Programming algorithm then matches this SSP onto any target database, finding solutions and their associated scores.	sourcecode webserver	^[121]^[122]^[123]
Infernal	"INFERence of RNA ALignment" is for searching DNA sequence databases for RNA structure and sequence similarities. It is an implementation of a special case of profile stochastic context-free grammars called covariance models (CMs).	sourcecode	^[124]^[125]^[126]
PHMMTS	"pair hidden Markov models on tree structures" is an extension of pair hidden Markov models defined on alignments of trees.	sourcecode, webserver	^[127]
RaveNnA	A slow and rigorous or fast and heuristic sequence-based filter for covariance models.	sourcecode	^[128]^[129]
RSEARCH	Takes a single RNA sequence with its secondary structure and utilizes a local alignment algorithm to search a database for homologous RNAs.	sourcecode	^[130]
Structator	Ultra fast software for searching for RNA structural motifs employing an innovative index-based bidirectional matching algorithm combined with a new fast fragment chaining strategy.	sourcecode	^[131]

Benchmarks

Name	Description	Structure^{[Note 1]}	Alignment^{[Note 2]}	Phylogeny	Links	References
BRalibase I	A comprehensive comparison of comparative RNA structure prediction approaches	yes	no	no	data	^[132]
BRalibase II	A benchmark of multiple sequence alignment programs upon structural RNAs	no	yes	no	data	^[133]
BRalibase 2.1	A benchmark of multiple sequence alignment programs upon structural RNAs	no	yes	no	data	^[134]
BRalibase III	A critical assessment of the performance of homology search methods on noncoding RNA	no	yes	no	data	^[135]
CompaRNA	An independent comparison of single-sequence RNA secondary structure prediction programs	yes	no	no	CompaRNA
Notes ^ Structure: benchmarks structure prediction tools <yes\|no>. ^ Alignment: benchmarks alignment tools <yes\|no>.

Alignment viewers/editors

Name	Description	Alignment^{[Note 1]}	Structure^{[Note 2]}	Link	References
4sale	A tool for Synchronous RNA Sequence and Secondary Structure Alignment and Editing	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[136]
Colorstock, SScolor, Raton	Colorstock, a command-line script using ANSI terminal color; SScolor, a Perl script that generates static HTML pages; and Raton, an AJAX web application generating dynamic HTML. Each tool can be used to color RNA alignments by secondary structure and to visually highlight compensatory mutations in stems.	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[137]
Integrated Genome Browser (IGB)	a multiple alignment viewer written in Java.	yes	no	sourcecode	^[138]
Jalview	a multiple alignment editor written in Java.	yes	no	sourcecode	^[139]^[140]
RALEE	a major mode for the Emacs text editor. It provides functionality to aid the viewing and editing of multiple sequence alignments of structured RNAs.	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[141]
SARSE	A graphical sequence editor for working with structural alignments of RNA.	yes	yes	sourcecode	^[142]
Notes ^ Alignment: view and edit an alignment, <yes\|no>. ^ Structure: view and edit structure, <yes\|no>.

Inverse Folding/RNA design

Name	Description	Link	References
ETeRNA	An RNA folding game that challenges players to come up with sequences that fold into a target RNA structure. The best sequences for a given puzzle are synthesized and their structures are probed through chemical mapping. The sequences are then scored by the data's agreement to the target structure and feedback is provided to the players.	home page	--
NUPACK	Although NUPACK can be used to get useful statistics and properties of an RNA's structure as mentioned above, it's main goal is design of new sequences that fold into a desired structure.	home page	^[78]
RNAInverse	The ViennaRNA package provides RNAInverse, an algorithm for designing sequences with desired structure.	help page	^[143]

Secondary structure viewers/editors

Name	Description	Link	References
PseudoViewer	Automatically visualizing RNA pseudoknot structures as planar graphs.	webapp/binary	^[144]^[145]^[146]^[147]
RNA Movies	browse sequential paths through RNA secondary structure landscapes	sourcecode	^[148]^[149]
RNA2D3D	a program for generating, viewing, and comparing 3-dimensional models of RNA	binary	^[150]
RNAstructure	RNAstructure has a viewer for structures in ct files. It can also compare predicted structures using the circleplot program. Structures can be output as postscript files.	sourcecode	^[151]
RNAView/RnamlView	Use RNAView to automatically identify and classify the types of base pairs that are formed in nucleic acid structures. Use RnamlView to arrange RNA structures.	sourcecode	^[152]
RILogo	Visualizes the intra-/intermolecular base pairing of two interacting RNAs with sequence logos in a planar graph.	web server / sourcecode	^[153]
VARNA	A tool for the automated drawing, visualization and annotation of the secondary structure of RNA, initially designed as a companion software for web servers and databases	webapp/sourcecode	^[154]

References

^ Michiaki Hamada, Hisanori Kiryu, Kengo Sato, Toutai Mituyama, Kiyoshi Asai (2009). "Predictions of RNA secondary structure using generalized centroid estimators". Bioinformatics 25 (4): 465–473. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn601. PMID 19095700.
^ Michiaki Hamada, Hisanori Kiryu, Kengo Sato, Toutai Mituyama, Kiyoshi Asai (2009). "Predictions of RNA secondary structure by combining homologous sequence information". Bioinformatics 25 (12): i330 - i3388. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp228. PMID 19478007.
^ Shay Zakov, Yoav Goldberg, Michael Elhadad, Michal Ziv-Ukelson (2011). "Rich parameterization improves RNA structure prediction". Journal of Computational Biology 18 (11): 1525–1542. doi:10.1089/cmb.2011.0184. PMID 22035327.
^ Do CB, Woods DA, Batzoglou S (2006). "CONTRAfold: RNA secondary structure prediction without physics-based models". Bioinformatics 22 (14): e90–8. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl246. PMID 16873527.
^ Bindewald E, Kluth T, Shapiro BA (2010). "CyloFold: secondary structure prediction including pseudoknots". Nucleic Acids Research Suppl (W): 368–72. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq432. PMC 2896150. PMID 20501603. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC2896150/.
^ Xayaphoummine A, Bucher T, Isambert H (2005). "Kinefold web server for RNA/DNA folding path and structure prediction including pseudoknots and knots". Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (Web Server issue): W605–10. doi:10.1093/nar/gki447. PMC 1160208. PMID 15980546. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC1160208/.
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Daftar/Tabel -- RNA structure prediction software

Contents