Komputer & Telekomunikasi    
   
Daftar Isi
(Sebelumnya) eCollegeeComStation (Berikutnya)

Ecology

Ecology
The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg"Phylogeny, ecology, and heart position in snakes". Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83 (1): 43–54. doi:10.1086/648509. PMID 19968564. 
  • ^ Jacobsen, D. (2008). "Low oxygen pressure as a driving factor for the altitudinal decline in taxon richness of stream macroinvertebrates". Oecologia 154 (4): 795–807. doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0877-x. PMID 17960424. 
  • ^ Wheeler, T. D.; Stroock, A. D. (2008). "The transpiration of water at negative pressures in a synthetic tree". Nature 455 (7210): 208–212. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..208W. doi:10.1038/nature07226. PMID 18784721. 
  • ^ Pockman, W. T.; Sperry, J. S.; O'Leary, J. W. (1995). "Sustained and significant negative water pressure in xylem". Nature 378 (6558): 715–716. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..715P. doi:10.1038/378715a0. 
  • ^ Zimmermann, U.; Schneider, H.; Wegner, L. H.; Wagner, M.; Szimtenings, A.; Haase, F.; Bentrup, F. W. (2002). "What are the driving forces for water lifting in the xylem conduit?". Physiologia Plantarum 114 (3): 327–335. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140301.x. PMID 12060254. 
  • ^ Kastak, D.; Schusterman, R. J. (1998). "Low-frequency amphibious hearing in pinnipeds: Methods, measurements, noise, and ecology". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103 (4): 2216–2228. Bibcode:1998ASAJ..103.2216K. doi:10.1121/1.421367. PMID 9566340. 
  • ^ Nishiguchi, Y.; Ito, I.; Okada, M. (2010). "Structure and function of lactate dehydrogenase from hagfish". Marine Drugs 8 (3): 594–607. doi:10.3390/md8030594. PMC 2857353. PMID 20411117. 
  • ^ Friedman, J.; Harder, L. D. (2004). "Inflorescence architecture and wind pollination in six grass species". Functional Ecology 18 (6): 851–860. doi:10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00921.x. 
  • ^ Harder, L. D.; Johnson, S. D. (2009). "Darwin's beautiful contrivances: evolutionary and functional evidence for floral adaptation". New Phytologist 183 (3): 530–545. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02914.x. PMID 19552694. 
  • ^ Shimeta, J.; Jumars, P. A.; Lessard, E. J. (1995). "Influences of turbulence on suspension feeding by planktonic protozoa; experiments in laminar shear fields". Limnolology and Oceanography 40 (5): 845–859. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.5.0845. 
  • ^ Etemad-Shahidi, A.; Imberger, J. (2001). "Anatomy of turbulence in thermally stratified lakes". Limnolology and Oceanography 46 (5): 1158–1170. doi:10.4319/lo.2001.46.5.1158. 
  • ^ Wolf, B. O.; Walsberg, G. E. (2006). "Thermal effects of radiation and wind on a small bird and implications for microsite selection". Ecology 77 (7): 2228–2236. doi:10.2307/2265716. JSTOR 2265716. 
  • ^ Daubenmire, R. (1975). "Floristic plant geography of eastern Washington and northern Idaho". Journal of Biogeography 2 (1): 1–18. doi:10.2307/3038197. JSTOR 3038197. 
  • ^ Steele, C. A.; Carstens, B. C.; Storfer, A.; Sullivan, J. (2005). "Testing hypotheses of speciation timing in Dicamptodon copei and Dicamptodon aterrimus (Caudata: Dicamptodontidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (1): 90–100. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.001. PMID 15904859. 
  • ^ Lenton, T. M.; Watson, A. (2000). "Redfield revisited. 2. What regulates the oxygen content of the atmosphere". Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14 (1): 249–268. Bibcode:2000GBioC..14..249L. doi:10.1029/1999GB900076. 
  • ^ Lobert, J. M.; Warnatz, J. (1993). "Emissions from the combustion process in vegetation". In Crutzen, P. J.; Goldammer, J. G. Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires. Wiley. ISBN 978-0471936046. 
  • ^ Garren, K. H. (1943). "Effects of fire on vegetation of the southeastern United States". Botanical Review 9 (9): 617–654. doi:10.1007/BF02872506. 
  • ^ Cooper, C. F. (1960). "Changes in vegetation, structure, and growth of southwestern pine forests since white settlement". Ecological Monographs 30 (2): 130–164. JSTOR 1948549. 
  • ^ Cooper, C. F. (1961). "The ecology of fire". Scientific American 204 (4): 150–160. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0461-150. 
  • ^ van Wagtendonk, Jan W. (2007). "History and evolution of wildland fire use" (PDF). Fire Ecology Special Issue 3 (2): 3–17. 
  • ^ Boerner, R. E. J. (1982). "Fire and nutrient cycling in temperate ecosystems". BioScience 32 (3): 187–192. doi:10.2307/1308941. JSTOR 1308941. 
  • ^ Goubitz, S.; Werger, M. J. A.; Ne'eman, G. (2009). "Germination response to fire-related factors of seeds from non-serotinous and serotinous cones". Plant Ecology 169 (2): 195–204. doi:10.1023/A:1026036332277. 
  • ^ Ne'eman, G.; Goubitz, S.; Nathan, R. (2004). "Reproductive traits of Pinus halepensis in the light of fire: a critical review". Plant Ecology 171 (1/2): 69–79. doi:10.1023/B:VEGE.0000029380.04821.99. 
  • ^ Flematti, Gavin R.; Ghisalberti, Emilio L.; Dixon, Kingsley W.; Trengove, R. D. (2004). "A compound from smoke that promotes seed germination" (PDF). Science 305 (5686): 977. doi:10.1126/science.1099944. PMID 15247439. 
  • ^ Coleman, D. C.; Corssley, D. A.; Hendrix, P. F. (2004). Fundamentals of Soil Ecology (2nd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-179726-0. 
  • ^ a b Wilkinson, M. T.; Richards, P. J.; Humphreys, G. S. (2009). "Breaking ground: Pedological, geological, and ecological implications of soil bioturbation" (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews 97 (1–4): 257–272. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.09.005. 
  • ^ Phillips, J. D. (2009). "Soils as extended composite phenotypes". Geoderma 149 (1-2): 143–151. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.028. 
  • ^ Reinhardt, L.; Jerolmack, D.; Cardinale, B. J.; Vanacker, V.; Wright, J. "Dynamic interactions of life and its landscape: Feedbacks at the interface of geomorphology and ecology". Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 35: 78–101. doi:10.1002/esp. 
  • ^ Hasiotis, S. T. (2003). "Complex ichnofossils of solitary and social soil organisms: Understanding their evolution and roles in terrestrial paleoecosystems". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 192 (2): 259–320. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00689-2. 
  • ^ Falkowski, P. G.; Fenchel, T.; Delong, E. F. (2008). "The microbial engines that drive Earth's biogeochemical cycles". Science 320 (5879): 1034–1039. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1034F. doi:10.1126/science.1153213. PMID 18497287. 
  • ^ Grace, J. (2004). "Understanding and managing the global carbon cycle". Journal of Ecology 92 (2): 189–202. doi:10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00874.x. 
  • ^ Pearson, P. N.; Palmer, M. R. (2000). "Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years". Nature 406 (6797): 695–699. doi:10.1038/35021000. PMID 10963587. 
  • ^ Pagani, M.; Zachos, J. C.; Freeman, K. H.; Tipple, B.; Bohaty, S. (2005). "Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene". Science 309 (5734): 600–603. Bibcode:2005Sci...309..600P. doi:10.1126/science.1110063. PMID 15961630. 
  • ^ Zhuan, Q.; Melillo, J. M.; McGuire, A. D.; Kicklighter, D. W.; Prinn, R. G.; Steudler, P. A.; Felzer, B. S.; Hu, S. (2007). "Net emission of CH4 and CO2 in Alaska: Implications for the region's greenhouse gas budget". Ecological Applications 17 (1): 203–212. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0203:NEOCA C]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1051-0761. PMID 17479846. 
  • ^ Cox; Betts, Richard A.; Jones, Chris D.; Spall, Steven A.; Totterdell, Ian J. (2000). "Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model". Nature 408 (6809): 184–187. doi:10.1038/35041539. PMID 11089968. 
  • ^ Erwin, D. H. (2009). "Climate as a driver of evolutionary change". Current Biology 19 (14): R575–R583. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.047. 
  • ^ Bamber, J. (2012). "Shrinking glaciers under scrutiny". Nature 482: 482–483. Bibcode:2012Natur.482..482B. doi:10.1038/nature10948. 
  • ^ Heimann, Martin; Reichstein, Markus (2008). "Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks". Nature 451 (7176): 289–292. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..289H. doi:10.1038/nature06591. PMID 18202646. 
  • ^ Davidson, Eric A.; Janssens, Ivan A. (2006). "Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change". Nature 440 (7081): 165–173. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..165D. doi:10.1038/nature04514. PMID 16525463. 
  • ^ a b Egerton, F. N. (2001). "A history of the ecological sciences: early Greek origins" (PDF). Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 82 (1): 93–97. 
  • ^ a b Benson, Keith R. (2000). "The emergence of ecology from natural history". Endeavour 24 (2): 59–62. doi:10.1016/S0160-9327(99)01260-0. PMID 10969480. 
  • ^ Sober, E. "Evolution, population thinking, and essentialism". Philosophy of Science 47 (3): 350–383. JSTOR 186950. 
  • ^ Hughes, J. D. (1985). "Theophrastus as ecologist". Environmental Review 9 (4): 296–306. doi:10.2307/3984460. JSTOR 3984460. 
  • ^ Hughes, J. D. (1975). "Ecology in ancient Greece". Inquiry 18 (2): 115–125. doi:10.1080/00201747508601756. 
  • ^ a b Kingsland, S. (2004). "Conveying the intellectual challenge of ecology: An historical perspective". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2 (7): 367–374. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0367:CTICO E]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1540-9295. 
  • ^ Rosenzweig, M. L. (2003). "Reconciliation ecology and the future of species diversity" (PDF). Oryx 37 (2): 194–205. 
  • ^ Hawkins, B. A. (2001). "Ecology's oldest pattern". Endeavor 25 (3): 133. doi:10.1016/S0160-9327(00)01369-7. 
  • ^ a b c d e f McIntosh, R. P. (1985). The Background of Ecology: Concept and Theory. Cambridge University Press. p. 400. ISBN 0521270871. 
  • ^ a b c Stauffer, R. C. (1957). "Haeckel, Darwin and ecology". The Quarterly Review of Biology 32 (2): 138–144. doi:10.1086/401754. 
  • ^ Friederichs, K. (1958). "A definition of ecology and some thoughts about basic concepts". Ecology 39 (1): 154–159. doi:10.2307/1929981. JSTOR 1929981. 
  • ^ Hinchman, L. P.; Hinchman, S. K. (2007). "What we owe the Romantics". Environmental Values 16 (3): 333–354. doi:10.3197/096327107X228382. 
  • ^ Goodland, R. J. (1975). "The tropical origin of ecology: Eugen Warming's jubilee". Oikos 26 (2): 240–245. doi:10.2307/3543715. JSTOR 3543715. 
  • ^ a b Egerton, F. N. (2007). "A history of the ecological sciences, part 23: Linnaeus and the economy of nature". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 88 (1): 72–88. doi:10.1890/0012-9623(2007)88[72:AHOTES]2 .0.CO;2. ISSN 0012-9623. 
  • ^ a b Kormandy, E. J.; Wooster, Donald (1978). "Review: Ecology/economy of nature—synonyms?". Ecology 59 (6): 1292–1294. doi:10.2307/1938247. JSTOR 1938247. 
  • ^ a b Hector, A.; Hooper, R. (2002). "Darwin and the first ecological experiment". Science 295 (5555): 639–640. doi:10.1126/science.1064815. PMID 11809960. 
  • ^ Sinclair, G. (1826). "On cultivating a collection of grasses in pleasure-grounds or flower-gardens, and on the utility of studying the Gramineae". London Gardener's Magazine 1 (New-Street-Square: A. & R. Spottiswoode). p. 115. 
  • ^ May, R. (1999). "Unanswered questions in ecology". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 354 (1392): 1951–1959. doi:10.1098/rstb.1999.0534. PMC 1692702. PMID 10670015. 
  • ^ Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species (1st ed.). London, UK: John Murray. p. 1. ISBN 0-8014-1319-2. 
  • ^ Meysman, F. J. R.; Middelburg, Jack J.; Heip, C. H. R. (2006). "Bioturbation: A fresh look at Darwin's last idea". Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21 (22): 688–695. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.002. PMID 16901581. 
  • ^ Acot, P. (1997). "The Lamarckian cradle of scientific ecology". Acta Biotheoretica 45 (3–4): 185–193. doi:10.1023/A:1000631103244. 
  • ^ Forbes, S. (1887). "The lake as a microcosm". Bulletin of the Scientific Association (Peoria, IL): 77–87. 
  • ^ Clements, F. E. (1905). Research methods in ecology. Lincoln, Neb.: University Pub. Comp. ISBN 0-405-10381-6. 
  • ^ Simberloff, D. (1980). "A succession of paradigms in ecology: Essentialism to materialism and probalism". Synthese 43: 3–39. doi:10.1007/BF00413854. 
  • ^ Gleason, H. A. (1926). "The individualistic concept of the plant association". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 53 (1): 7–26. doi:10.2307/2479933. JSTOR 2479933. 
  • ^ Foster, J. B.; Clark, B. (2008). "The sociology of ecology: ecological organicism versus ecosystem ecology in the social construction of ecological science, 1926–1935". Organization & Environment 21 (3): 311–352. doi:10.1177/1086026608321632. 
  • ^ Allee, W. C. (1932). Animal Life and Social Growth. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company and Associates. 
  • ^ Cook, R. E. (1977). "Raymond Lindeman and the trophic-dynamic concept in ecology". Science 198 (4312): 22–26. Bibcode:1977Sci...198...22C. doi:10.1126/science.198.4312.22. PMID 17741875. 
  • ^ Odum, E. P. (1968). "Energy flow in ecosystems: A historical review". American Zoologist 8 (1): 11–18. JSTOR 3881528. 
  • ^ a b Ghilarov, A. M. (1995). "Vernadsky's biosphere concept: an historical perspective". The Quarterly Review of Biology 70 (2): 193–203. doi:10.1086/418982. JSTOR 3036242. 
  • ^ Itô, Y. (1991). "Development of ecology in Japan, with special reference to the role of Kinji Imanishi". Journal of Ecological Research 6 (2): 139–155. doi:10.1007/BF02347158. 
  • ^ Carson, R. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 348. ISBN 0618249060. 
  • ^ a b c Palamar, C. R. (2008). "The justice of ecological restoration: Environmental history, health, ecology, and justice in the United States". Human Ecology Review 15 (1): 82–94. 
  • ^ Krebs, J. R.; Wilson, J. D.; Bradbury, R. B.; Siriwardena, G. M. (1999). "The second Silent Spring". Nature 400: 611–612. Bibcode:1999Natur.400..611K. doi:10.1038/23127. 
  • External links

    (Sebelumnya) eCollegeeComStation (Berikutnya)