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OCLC

Online Computer Library Center
TypeNonprofit membership cooperative
Founded1967 (1967)
HeadquartersDublin, Ohio, United States
Area servedWorldwide
Key peopleRobert L. (Jay) Jordan, President and CEO
IndustryLibrary services
ProductsWorldCat, FirstSearch, Dewey Decimal Classification, VDX, WebJunction, QuestionPoint
MembersOver 72,000 libraries, archives and museums in 170 countries[1]
Websitewww.oclc.org

Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) is "a nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the world’s information and reducing information costs".[2] Founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world.

Contents

History

Originally named the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC began in 1967 through a collaboration of Ohio university presidents, vice presidents, and library directors who wanted to create a cooperative, computerized network for Ohio libraries. The group first met on July 5, 1967 on the campus of The Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization.[3] The group hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, to design the shared cataloging system.[4] Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. His vision of an active rather than passive system where the library would go to the people was a rather revolutionary idea for 1967. The plan was to merge the catalogs of Ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database in order to streamline operations, control costs, and increase efficiency in library management. The goal of this network and database was to bring libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the world’s information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26, 1971. This was the first occurrence of online cataloging by any library worldwide.[3]

Services

OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone.

OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. The Open WorldCat program makes records of library-owned materials in OCLC's WorldCat database available to Web users on popular Internet search, bibliographic, and bookselling sites. In October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record.

Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center, with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Research

OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications.[5] These publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organization’s website.

  • OCLC Publications - Research articles from various journals including, but not limited to, Code4Lib Journal, OCLC Research, Reference & User Services Quarterly, College & Research Libraries News, Art Libraries Journal, and National Education Association Newsletter. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, starting in 1970, are also available.[6]
  • Membership Reports - A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding.[7]
  • Newsletters – Current and archived newsletters for the library and archive community.[8]
  • Presentations – Presentations from both guest speakers and OCLC research from conferences, webcasts, and other events. The presentations are organized into five categories: Conference presentations, Dewey presentations, Distinguished Seminar Series, Guest presentations, and Research staff presentations.[9]

Advocacy

Advocacy has been a part of OCLC’s mission since its founding in 1967. OCLC staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders, information professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, political leaders, trustees, students and patrons to advocate “advancing research, scholarship, education, community development, information access, and global cooperation.”[10]

OCLC’s most recent advocacy campaign, “Geek the Library,” highlights the vital role of public libraries in the current challenging environment. One goal of this community-based public awareness campaign is to increase local library support by encouraging the public to share what they ‘geek’, using the word as a verb. The idea is that every person has a passion that they ‘geek’ from modern art to chemical engineering, and that the library supports all of the passions in the community. The campaign, funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 OCLC report, “From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America.” [11]

Other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research. Such projects have included communities such as the Society of American Archivists, the Open Archives Initiative, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, the International Organization for Standardization, the National Information Standards Organization, the World Wide Web Consortium, the Internet Engineering Task Force, and Internet2. One of the most successful contributions to this effort was the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, “an open forum of libraries, archives, museums, technology organization, and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models.”[10]

OCLC host symposiums biannually at conferences of the American Library Association with the specific purpose of exploring and presenting how innovation in industry trends, technology developments, and social change events will impact libraries.

In the past, OCLC’s advertising spending used to focus on promoting its services to libraries. Now, however, the advertising has shifted to materials to advocate and market library services to communities they serve. These advertising and marketing programs increase libraries’ visibility and viability.

OCLC partnered with search engine providers in 2003 in order to advocate for libraries and share information across the broadest possible Internet landscape. Google, Yahoo!, and Ask.com have all collaborated with OCLC in order to make the WorldCat records searchable through those search engines.[10]

Online database

OCLC has a database for cataloging and searching purposes which is used by librarians and the public. The current computer program, Connexion, was introduced in 2001, and its predecessor, OCLC Passport, was phased out in May 2005.

This database contains records in MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) format contributed by library catalogers worldwide who use OCLC as a cataloging tool. These MARC format records are then downloaded into the libraries' local catalog systems. This allows libraries to find and download records for materials to add to their local catalog without the lengthy process of cataloging each individually.

As of February 2007, their database contained over 1.1 billion cataloged items. It is the world's largest bibliographic database. Connexion is available to professional librarians as a computer program or on the web at connexion.oclc.org.

WorldCat is available to the public for searching a web-based service called FirstSearch, as well as through the Open WorldCat program.

The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988. A browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications is also available; it is currently in beta form.

WebJunction is a division of OCLC funded by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

QuestionPoint reference management service provides libraries with tools to communicate with users. This around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries.

Regional service providers

Regional service providers contract with OCLC to provide support and training for OCLC services. This chart represents only OCLC services.

NameRegionWebsite
Amigos Library ServicesArizona, Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texaswww.amigos.org
Bibliographical Center for ResearchAlaska, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyomingwww.bcr.org
ILLINETIllinoiswww.cyberdriveillinois.com/department s/library/who_we_are/OCLC/home.html
MINITEX Library Information NetworkMinnesota, North Dakota, South Dakotawww.minitex.umn.edu
MCLS (Midwest Collaborative for Library Services)Indiana, Michiganwww.mlcnet.org
MLNC (Missouri Library Network Corporation)Missouriwww.mcls.org
NEBASENebraskawww.nlc.state.ne.us/netserv/nebase/ne bserv.html
NELINETConnecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermontwww.nelinet.net
NylinkNew Yorknylink.org
OHIONETOhio, West Virginia, Western Pennsylvaniawww.ohionet.org
PALINETDelaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginiawww.palinet.org/
LYRASISAlabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Caribbeanwww.lyrasis.org
WILSWisconsinwww.wils.wisc.edu/
FEDLINKU.S. Federal Librarieswww.loc.gov/flicc/
OCLC service centers
OCLC Eastern Service CenterWashington D.C., Maryland and Virginia 
OCLC Western Service CenterAlaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington and Guam 
OCLC Asia Pacific  
OCLC Canada  
OCLC Latin America  
OCLC EMEAEurope, Middle East and Africa 

Company acquisitions

OCLC acquired NetLibrary, the largest electronic content provider,[citation needed] in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to EBSCO Industries.[12] OCLC owns 100% of the shares of OCLC PICA, a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in Leiden in the Netherlands and which was renamed "OCLC" at the end of 2007.[13] In June 2006, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) merged into OCLC. On January 11, 2008, OCLC announced[14] that it had purchased EZproxy. It has also acquired OAIster. The process started in January 2009 and from 31 October 2009, OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat.org.

Controversy

OCLC has been criticized for monopolistic practices.[15] In July 2010, the company was sued by SkyRiver, a rival startup, in an antitrust suit.[16] Library automation company Innovative Interfaces joined SkyRiver in the suit.[17] The suit was dropped in March 2013, however, following the acquisition of SkyRiver by Innovative Interfaces.[18]

See also

  • Dublin Core
  • Dynix
  • History of public library advocacy
  • Public library advocacy

References

  1. ^ "Cooperation". OCLC. Retrieved March 18, 2010. 
  2. ^ "About OCLC". OCLC. Retrieved March 18, 2010. 
  3. ^ a b "In the beginning". Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  4. ^ Intner, Sheila (March/April 2007). "The Passing of an Era". Technicalities 27 (2): 1, 13–14. Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  5. ^ Hyatt, S.; J. A. Young (March 2005). "OCLC Research Publications Repository". D-Lib Magazine 11 (3). doi:10.1045/march2005~hyatt. Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  6. ^ "OCLC Publications". Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  7. ^ "OCLC Membership Reports". Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  8. ^ "OCLC Newsletters". Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  9. ^ "OCLC Presentations". Retrieved 28 August 2012. 
  10. ^ a b c De Rosa, C. (2009). "Advocacy and OCLC". Journal of Library Administration 49 (7): 719–726. doi:10.1080/01930820903260572. Accessdate used without URL
  11. ^ "Advocacy: From Awareness to Funding, the next chapter". 
  12. ^ Jordan, Jay (March 17, 2010). "Letter to members 2010". OCLC. Retrieved March 18, 2010. [dead link]
  13. ^ Michael Rogers (October 30, 2007). "CLC/OCLC Pica Merge". Library Journal (New York). Retrieved November 9, 2007. 
  14. ^ "OCLC acquires EZproxy authentication and access software" (Press release). Dublin, OH: OCLC. January 11, 2008. http://www.oclc.org/news/releases/200 690.htm.
  15. ^ Beall, Jeffrey (2008). "OCLC: A Review". In Roberto, K.R. Radical Cataloging: Essays at the Front. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. pp. 85–93. ISBN 0786435437. OCLC 173241123. 
  16. ^ Coyle, Karen (29 July 2010). "SkyRiver Sues OCLC over Anti-Trust". Karen Coyle. Retrieved 6 March 2013. 
  17. ^ Breeding, Marshall (29 July 2010 2013). "SkyRiver and Innovative Interfaces File Major Antitrust Lawsuit Against OCLC". Library Journal. Retrieved 6 March 2013. 
  18. ^ Price, Gary (4 March 2013). "III Drops OCLC Suit, Will Absorb SkyRiver". Library Journal. Retrieved 6 March 2013. 

Further reading

External links

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