Comparison of Research Networking Tools and Research Profiling Systems - Informatika & Komputer

Research Networking (RN) is about using web-based tools to discover and use research and scholarly information about people and resources. Research Networking tools (RN tools) serve as knowledge management systems for the research enterprise. RN tools connect institution-level/enterprise systems, national research networks, publicly available research data (e.g., grants and publications), and restricted/proprietary data by harvesting information from disparate sources into compiled expertise profiles for faculty, investigators, scholars, clinicians, community partners, and facilities. RN tools facilitate the development of new collaborations and team science to address new or existing research challenges through the rapid discovery and recommendation of researchers, expertise, and resources.^[1]^[2]

RN tools differ from search engines such as Google in that they access information in databases and other data not limited to web pages. They also differ from social networking systems such as LinkedIn or Facebook in that they represent a compendium of data ingested from authoritative and verifiable sources rather than predominantly individually asserted information, making RN tools more reliable.^[3] Yet, RN tools have sufficient flexibility to allow for profile editing. RN tools also provide resources to bolster human connector systems:^[4] they can make non-intuitive matches, they do not depend on serendipity, and they do not have a propensity to return only to previously identified collaborations/collaborators. RN tools also generally have associated analytical capabilities that enable evaluation of collaboration and cross-disciplinary research/scholarly activity, especially over time.

Importantly, data harvested into robust RN tools is accessible for broad repurposing, especially if available as linked open data (RDF triples). Thus RN tools enhance research support activities by providing data for customized, up-to-date web pages, CV/biosketch generation, and data tables for grant proposals.

The following tables compare research networking (RN) software.

1 General
2 Data Sources, Ingest and Export Formats
3 Data Interoperability and Integration
4 Users Profiled, User Interactivity and Networking Functionality
5 Controlled Vocabulary, Ontologies and Author Disambiguation
6 Bibliometrics
7 See also
8 References
9 General References
10 External links

General

This table provides general information for each tool: name, developing institution, external links to information, whether the code is Open Source and known adopters of the software.

Research Networking Tool	Link to Product Page	Developer/Owner	Open Source	Adopters
Activity Insight	Activity Insight	Digital Measures	No	USC Marshall School of Business
C-IKNOW^[5]^[6]	C-IKNOW	Science of Networks in Communities (SONIC) - Northwestern University	Yes	National Cancer Institute, National Science Foundation
Collaborative Partnership / Profile System	Collaborative Partnership and Research Expertise at UT Arlington	University of Texas at Arlington	Yes	UT Arlington, UT Pan American, University of North Texas Health Science Center, UT El Paso, UT San Antonio, UT Tyler, UT Health Science Center, University of North Texas, UT Dallas, UT Health Center at Tyler, Texas Christian University, (plans to add Gulf Coast Consortia: Rice University, Baylor College of Medicine)
Community Academic Profiles - CAP	Community Academic Profiles	Stanford University	No	Stanford University
Curvita^TM Profile Manager	Curvita Profile Manager	SciMed Solutions	No	University of North Carolina
CUSP - Columbia University Scientific Profiles	CUSP	Columbia University	No	Columbia University
Digital Vita	DigitalVita	Center for Dental Informatics - University of Pittsburgh	Yes	University of Pittsburgh, Pitt Health Sciences Center
Elsevier's SciVal Experts (formerly Collexis Expert Profiling)	SciVal Experts	Elsevier	No	45+ implementations worldwide containing profiles for researchers at 65+ institutions. Customers include Johns Hopkins University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, Northwestern University, REACH NC, University of Michigan, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and several institutions in Asia-Pacific, Europe and Latin America. See SciVal Experts client list. Details on The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center's use of the tool
Elsevier's SciVal Spotlight	SciVal Spotlight	Elsevier	No	As of Nov 2011, there are approximately 40 adopters worldwide. Details on Tohoku University's use of the tool
Epernicus Solutions & Epernicus Network	Epernicus	Epernicus	No (but Epernicus Network is free to use)	Harvard, MIT, Indiana University, Stanford, University of California Berkeley (but not exclusively)
ERIM Member Profile System (ERIM MIS)	People ERIM People profile system	Erasmus Research Institute of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands	No	Erasmus University
EUREKA!^TM Enhancing Student Research	EUREKA	University of Texas at Austin (UTA)	No	University of Texas at Austin
Expertise @ Maryland	UM Experts	University of Maryland	Yes (will be)	University of Maryland College Park
Faculty Profile System	UC Irvine Faculty Profile System	University of California Irvine	No	UC Irvine
Faculty Research Information Profile (FRIP)	Discontinued. Work on this system ceased; moved on to developing Digital Vita	University of Pittsburgh	N/A	(formerly) University of Pittsburgh
Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index	Academic Analytics	Academic Analytics, LLC	No	Unknown
GENIUS	InfoEd GENIUS	InfoEd Global	No	Many Big Ten/CIC institutions
Google	Google search generated from an institution's home page or Google search limited to only one domain (e.g. university.edu)	Google	No (but anyone can access Google)	Anyone can access
HUBzero	HUBzero	Purdue University	Yes^[7]	Indiana CTSI, Indiana University, Purdue University, Notre Dame
iamResearcher	iamResearcher	University of Southampton, UK	Unknown	N/A (platform is directed toward individual researcher use)
iAMscientist	iAMscientist	iAMscientist.inc	No	Unknown
i2iConnect	i2iConnect	Indiana University	No (but original software from ThemesJoomla is)	N/A (platform is directed toward individual researcher use)
InCites	InCites	Thomson Reuters	No	100 research institutions and funding bodies globally
INDURE (Indiana Database for University Research Expertise)	INDURE	Indiana University / Purdue University	No	Ball State, Indiana University, Purdue University, University of Notre Dame
Knode	Knode	Knode	No	Multiple, anyone can use, collaborating with VIVO and UCSF
Lattes Platform	Lattes	CNPq - Brazil	Unknown	N/A (Platform is directed toward individual researcher use in Brazil)
LatticeGrid^[8]	LatticeGrid public Wiki	Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (NUCATS) - Biomedical Informatics Center (NUBIC)	Yes	Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine & Cancer Center, UCSF Cancer Center, Fox Chase Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Case Western University
LinkedIn	LinkedIn	LinkedIn	No (but LinkedIn is free to use)	N/A (Platform is directed toward individual researcher use. Millions of users are registered globally.)
Loki^[9]	Loki	University of Iowa	No	University of Iowa Institute for Clinical and Translational Science
McCormick Collaboration Visualization Tool	Collaboration at McCormick	Northwestern University	No	McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science at Northwestern University
Mendeley	Mendeley	Mendeley	No	Anyone can use
MizzouLinks	none available	University of Missouri	Unknown	University of Missouri
MyScienceWork	MyScienceWork	Unknown	No (but anyone can register and use the network)	Anyone can register and use. The network is directed at the individual researcher
OSU:pro	OSU:pro	Ohio State University	No (but can be licensed)	Ohio State University
Pivot	Pivot	ProQuest, LLC	No	100 university campuses and research organizations globally
Profiles Research Networking Software	Profiles	Harvard University	Yes (BSD license)	Harvard, UCSF, and many others (see Profiles users )
REACH NC Life Science Experts Visualization Tool	REACH NC	RENCI (Renaissance Computing Institute, a collaboration between University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University and North Carolina State University) Duke Research Triangle Institute University of North Carolina General Administration	No (but free to the public)	Appalachian State University Duke University East Carolina University Elizabeth City State University Fayetteville State University NC A&T North Carolina Central University North Carolina State University RTI International UNC-Asheville University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC-Charlotte UNC-Greensboro UNC-Pembroke UNC-Wilmington Western Carolina University Winston-Salem State University
Research Accelerator	YCCI Research Accelerator	ResearchAccelerator.org	Unknown	Yale University
Research in View	Research in View	Thomson Reuters	No	Ohio State University
ResearcherID	ResearcherID	Thomson Reuters	No (but ResearcherID network is free to access and use by individual users)	N/A (Platform is directed toward individual researcher use)
SciENcv	SciENcv	A pilot program sponsored by the Federal Demonstration Partnership and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) supported by the STAR METRICS program	Yes	Sponsored by the Federal Demonstration Partnership and the NSTC's interagency groups: Research Business Model (RBM) and Science of Science Policy (SoSP)
Symplectic Elements	Symplectic Elements	Symplectic	No (However, an open source VIVO Harvester is available.)	30+ major research institutions around the world, including the University of Cambridge (UK), University of Oxford (UK), Imperial College London (UK), Duke University (US), University of Auckland (NZ) (see Some of Symplectic's clients)
VIVO^[1]^[10]	VIVO and VIVO at Sourceforge	Cornell University (original developers) and University of Florida	Yes^[11]	Cornell University, University of Florida, Washington University in St. Louis, Weill Cornell Medical College, Indiana University, Ponce School of Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, Duke University, University of Colorado at Boulder, Northwestern University, University of Nebraska, University of Melbourne, Griffith University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. There are currently over 50 VIVO implementations in the United States and over 25 international VIVO projects.
WorkWeb	WebWork at archive.org	Columbia University	No	Columbia University
Yaffle^[12]^[13]	Yaffle	Memorial University of Newfoundland	Yes	Memorial University of Newfoundland

Data Sources, Ingest and Export Formats

This table provides information on the types of data used in each RN tool and how this data is ingested, along with data export formats (e.g. XML, RDF, RIS, PDF)

Research Networking Tool	Data Source / Infeed Functionality	Auto Ingest?	Linked Open Data?	Data Export Types
Academic Room	Manual entry of data by users. May be some auto-ingest of PubMed citation data	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Activity Insight	Info collected by (1) integrating Digital Measures into faculty reporting system(s), (2) importing existing info from systems like Banner, Datatel, PeopleSoft, or SIS+.	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
C-IKNOW	Network Surveys, automated upload for any kind of network data including archival, scientometric, webometric and computer log data. Also import data in GraphML, RDF, and DL (used by UCINET)	Yes(for defined data)	Yes	RDF, XML/RDF
Collaborative Partnership / Profile System	Universities and institutions' own databases and websites ("think Orbitz for research profiles")	Yes (needs to be set up by each university/ institution)	Unknown	Unknown
Community Academic Profiles - CAP	CAP automatically generates a profile for all faculty, physicians, students, postdocs and staff (both academic and administrative) in the School of Medicine. Data flows automatically from a variety of source systems.	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
Curvita^TM Profile Manager	Information collected from university systems	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
CUSP - Columbia University Scientific Profiles	Databases for employees and grants; PubMed for publications	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
Digital Vita	PubMed, some from HR system, direct input from investigators. System authenticates users through an application developed by the IT group that supports the Senior Vice Chancellor of Health Sciences; that system accesses the HR system for data about employees' rank and status (active or not); Working with the grants office to get a regular report of data from their proposal database. Manually entered publications/presentations automatically forwarded to co-authors.	Yes (Some)	Yes	PDF, RTF
Elsevier's SciVal Experts	The primary data source is Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed research literature. Other sources include: PubMed, NIH RePorter, and SciVal Funding opportunities; Data from institutions' internal systems, including HR data, grants, publications, patents, core facilities/resources, etc. Also data from NSF, DoD, ClinicalTrials.gov, VA; Researchers or proxy users can enter additional content into the profiles, including research statements, research interest keywords, publications, grants, patents, books, creative works, education, awards and honors; free text can also be imported.	Yes	Yes	XML, RDF, SPARQL, bulk downloads, EndNote export, Save to CSV for search results
Elsevier's SciVal Spotlight	Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed research literature	Yes	No	XML
Epernicus Solutions & Epernicus Network	Data entered by applicant	No	Unknown	Unknown
ERIM Member Profile System (ERIM MIS)	ERIM MIS database, Erasmus Publication Repository, Oracle portal	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
EUREKA!^TM Enhancing Student Research	Information about faculty research interests	No	Unknown	Unknown
Expertise @ Maryland	Central university faculty database	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
Faculty Profile System	Manually entered data about the faculty (faculty can enter, a proxy can enter, or designated staff work on maintaining profiles)	No (Faculty status verified by comparison with UC Irvine HR's Academic Personnel system)	Unknown	Unknown
Faculty Research Information Profile (FRIP)	Discontinued. Work on this system ceased; moved on to developing Digital Vita	N/A	N/A	N/A
Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index	FSP Database (2007–2008)	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
GENIUS	InfoEd proprietary grant funding databases	Yes (But only of InfoEd database data. Faculty profile information must be entered manually.)	Unknown	Unknown
Google	Institution's directory, news releases, and other institutional websites	Yes	Yes	Many types, depending on the format of the file retrieved.
HUBzero	Comprehensive portal to support virtual research organizations including modular Web 2.0 tools, modeling and simulation tools, computational integration, identity management, workflow, personal profile management, data management, education	Yes	Yes	Unknown
iamResearcher	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
iAMscientist	PubMed	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
i2iConnect	Listings of industry licensing representatives categorized by product and disease categories with matchmaking and collaborator discovery features	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
InCites	Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
INDURE (Indiana Database for University Research Expertise)	Faculty-entered information about research, faculty home pages	Yes? (Partial?)	Unknown	Unknown
Lattes Database	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
LatticeGrid	Medical School Faculty database, PubMed, InfoEd, Northwestern's eIRB database	Yes	Yes	Microsoft Word, Excel, PDF
LinkedIn	Information entered manually by user	No	Unknown	Unknown
Loki	Local Medline, PubMed, local NSF award database, local NIH RePORTER database, campus directory services	Yes (Partial)	Unknown	Unknown
McCormick Collaboration Visualization Tool	Thomson Reuters Web of Science	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
MizzouLinks	Information collected from interviews and imported from a few institutional systems	No	Unknown	Unknown
MyScienceWork	Information input by user	No	Unknown	Unknown
OSU:pro	OSU systems	Yes	Unknown	Unknown
Pivot	Combines editorially created data on funding opportunities and profiles. Profile data sources from publicly available university organization and faculty member/researcher information, user-generated data, PubMed, Agricola, ERIC, and ProQuest citation databases, indexed faculty/researcher webpages.	Yes (for all citation data from sources listed in DataSource. Profiles editorially created, but user-generated profiles also included)	No	Unknown
Profiles Research Networking Software	HR systems, PubMed, NIH RePORTER, commercial sources of publication data, institution-provided and user managed data	Yes	Yes	XML, RDF, SPARQL
REACH NC Life Science Experts Visualization Tool	SciVal Experts, RAMSES	Yes	Yes	RSI, CSV, Web-service API
Research Accelerator	Information entered by individual members	No	Unknown	Unknown
Research in View	1. Research In View draws from ScienceWire, which includes Thomson Reuters Web of Science publications and conference proceedings, US PTO patents, and US Federal Grants. 2. Research In View ingests university data including HR data, registrar course data, and grants and contract data. 3. Data sources will be expanded in 2011 to include international patent and funding sources. 4. Supplementary data entry supported by ScienceWire search and linkage with university system; 5. Research In View v1.3 integrates with ResearcherID, InCites, and EndNote; 6. Institution Repository Search and Deposit will be available by early 2012	Yes	No	XML, Data export web services available
ResearcherID	Manually entered biographical and bibliographical information. Members can search Web of Science, Web of Knowledge, and other online collections, or manually enter publication data. Accounts can be created by individuals or by administrators using a web service.	Yes (Partial; profiles created by administrators are pre-populated for individuals to review.)	No	None
SciENcv	Information that would normally be found in a curriculum vitae or biosketch	Yes	Unknown	Uses open data exchange standards
Symplectic Elements	Custom import from any internal data source via API, out of the box automatic publications import (subject to subscriptions where appropriate) from arXiv, Cinii, CrossRef, DBLP, Mendeley, PubMed, RePeC, Scopus, Web of Science, with more planned. In-feed from HR/Identity systems, internal grant databases. Integration with all major repository technologies.	Yes (through integrated portals like VIVO)	Source for linked data	CSV, CERIF XML, MS Word, Excel, PDF (APA6), ATOM/XML web services, EndNote/Reference Manager, BibTex, various government assessment submission formats
VIVO	PubMed, NIH RePORTER, PeopleSoft, internal HR & administrative databases, Scopus (with institutional license), Web of Knowledge (being developed); emphasis on verified data sources, many many others being ingested at various institutions.	Yes (manual data entry possible, too)	Yes	RDF, GraphXML, CSV file
Yaffle	Memorial University systems	Yes	Unknown	Unknown

Data Interoperability and Integration

This table provides information on whether the research networking tool is compatible with institutional enterprise systems (e.g. human resources databases), can be integrated with other external products or add-ons, and can be used for regional, national, international or federated connectivity.

Research Networking Tool	Interoperability with Institutional Enterprise Systems	Interoperability with External Systems	Integration with Add-on Components or Products	Regional, National, International or Federated Connectivity?
Academic Room	No	unknown	unknown	The system is voluntary, so national and international by active inclusion
Activity Insight	Yes	Yes (Banner, Datatel, PeopleSoft, or SIS+)	Unknown	No
C-IKNOW	No	Yes(is possible)	Unknown	No
Collaborative Partnership / Profile System	Yes	Yes (has API—works with SciVal Experts)	Unknown	Yes Currently only in Texas
Community Academic Profiles - CAP	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Curvita^TM Profile Manager	Yes	Yes	Unknown	No
CUSP - Columbia University Scientific Profiles	No	Yes PubMed only	Unknown	No
Digital Vita	No	Yes (only PubMed)	Unknown	Yes National federated connectivity through DIRECT2Experts
Elsevier's SciVal Experts	Yes institutions have access to Web Services in order to feed data into internal databases; Web Services can be consumed as directed by institution. SciVal Experts is currently ingesting a range of data from institutions' own systems, including grants data, HR data, interests and expertise data, publication databases, book listings and more.	Yes Scopus, PubMed, NIH RePORTER, SciVal Funding, institution's internal databases, including HR data, grants, publications, patents, etc.	Yes the Funding Recommendation module within Experts integrates with SciVal Funding, automatically recommending funding opportunities and suggested collaborators to profiled researchers with no manual effort.	Yes the SciVal Experts Community interconnects all participating SciVal Experts applications internationally into a single search (participation is voluntary); Additional functionality enables users to search across different institutions participating in DIRECT2experts network (including VIVO instances, Harvard Profiles, Stanford CAP, etc.). Institutions can participate in VIVO through SciVal Experts
Elsevier's SciVal Spotlight	No	No	No	No
Epernicus Solutions & Epernicus Network	Yes (Possible, for Epernicus Solutions)	No	Unknown	No
ERIM Member Profile System (ERIM MIS)	Yes	Yes ID resolver included, so links to external systems are created, like SSRN, ResearcherID, Google scholar alerts & Search, social mention search from personal page, MEEBO sharing possible, Tynt statistics included	Unknown	No
EUREKA!^TM Enhancing Student Research	No	No	Unknown	No
Expertise @ Maryland	May be possible	No	Unknown	No
Faculty Profile System	No	No	Unknown	No
Faculty Research Information Profile (FRIP)	Discontinued. Work on this system ceased; moved on to developing Digital Vita	N/A	N/A	N/A
Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	No
GENIUS	Yes	Yes Only other InfoEd modules (SMARTS: Service that automatically sends notices of funding opportunities via email. You provide keywords that describe your research interests, and SMARTS matches those keywords with present funding programs; SPIN: Enables subscribers to directly search for all sponsored programs - past and present, contained within the InfoEd database)	Unknown	No
Google	No	Yes	Possibly	No
HUBzero	No	Yes PubMed; data is semantic web compliant as of August 2011	Possibly	No
iamResearcher	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
iAMscientist	No	Yes PubMed	Unknown	No
i2iConnect	No	No	Unknown	Yes
InCites	No	Yes (From the publisher: Underlying data from InCites can be used with a variety of systems.)	Unknown	No
INDURE (Indiana Database for University Research Expertise)	No	No	Unknown	Yes for 4 Indiana institutions only
Lattes Database	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
LatticeGrid	Yes InfoEd, eIRB, Medical School faculty database	Yes (PubMed)	Yes (Possible)	Yes National federated connectivity through DIRECT2Experts
LinkedIn	No	No	Unknown	No
Loki	Yes Possible	Yes	Unknown	No
McCormick Collaboration Visualization Tool	No	Yes Only Thomson Reuters Web of Science	Unknown	No
MizzouLinks	Maybe	No	Unknown	No
MyScienceWork	No	Unknown	Unknown	Yes
OSU:pro	No	Unknown	Unknown	No
Pivot	No	Maybe	Unknown	Unknown
Profiles Research Networking Software	Yes	Yes Pubmed, commercial sources of publication data, semantic web applications via VIVO ontology.	Yes	Yes Profiles Users Group has regular conference calls and works on collaborative software development projects. Profiles can perform federated queries across other Profiles instances, and with other products using linked open data (VIVO ontology) and the DIRECT2Experts API.
REACH NC Life Science Experts Visualization Tool	Yes	Yes Through SciVal API	No	No
Research Accelerator	No	No	Unknown	No
Research in View	YesSubscribing institutions will have access to Web Services to pull data from Research In View.	Yes Interacts with ScienceWire, which includes Web of Science publications and conference proceedings, US Patent and Trademark Office patents and patent applications, and US Federal Agency Grants (NIH, NSF, DOE, DOD). Sciencewire is being expanded to include additional DBs. Research In View interacts with university systems including personnel/HR, courses, and grants and contracts information. Users may also upload data from Researcher ID and EndNote. Integrated with InCites to provide bibliometircs performance data that allows institutional productivity and benchmarking analysis with visual graphic presentation. Also support data upload from institutional repository and deposit workflow.	Unknown	Yes Data are hosted centrally by Thomson Reuters in secure facility. Common data model, based on the tested OSU:pro system, allows for search across institutions. Integration with Researcher ID unique identifier system allows for profile synchronization between subscribers. System design supports a group of institutions purchasing together, being able to do institution group comparison report, and running reports across all participating institutions.
ResearcherID	No	Yes Through ResearcherID download service, institutions can load data into their internal systems. Also is integrated with other Thomson Reuters offerings, including Web of Knowledge, EndNote, and Research In View	Unknown	No
SciENcv	Yes (is possible through open data exchange standards)	Yes	Unknown	No
Symplectic Elements	Yes Clients have the ability to integrate with existing web profile management systems, export data for business intelligence solutions and easily submit research outcomes for various government assessment exercises. This includes HR, publications, grants, institutional repositories, and any other system providing or consuming research data.	Yes	Yes Elements can be linked to all major open repository technologies and an open source VIVO Harvester is also available.	No
VIVO	Yes Data can be ingested from a wide variety of local sources (including HR, grants, course databases, institutional repositories, membership rosters, research interests, and many others) to reflect a complete view of the institution's priorities and efforts.	Yes see mini-grants <http://www.vivoweb.org/blog/2011/01/a ward-announcement-vivo-collaborative- research-projects-program> eagle-i; Drupal; many others - any tool that can consume open linked data. Other ongoing collaborations with Wellspring (maintaining VIVO profiles with a focus upon tech transfer and also as a 3rd party implementation service provider) and with Symplectic.	Yes VIVO collaborates with eagle-I on research resources. Future plans include adding many additional data types which are meaningful in the academic research setting. VIVO data are structured using a comprehensive ontology designed for local extension and major ontology "plugins" such as BIBO and eagle-i.	Yes VIVO Consortium received $12.2M NIH ARRA U24 award in 2009 to fully develop software and create national system of federated research expertise directories/research networking systems; All other semantic web-compliant software platforms can be integrated into the consortium (example: Harvard Profiles). Participant in Direct2Experts and VIVO Search
Yaffle	No	No	Unknown	The Canadian research funding councils as well as knowledge mobilization networks across the country (governments and universities) are working to develop a model to share what Yaffle has built

Users Profiled, User Interactivity and Networking Functionality

This table provides information on what user population is profiled for each tool, ability for users to edit their own profile data and type of networking. Active networking means that the user can enter connections to the network by entering colleagues' names. Passive networking means that the software infers network connections from a user's publication co-authors and builds a network from these names.

Research Networking Tool	Profiled User Population	Can Users Update Their Own Profile Data?	Type of Networking (Active or Passive)	Includes Functionality to Match Expertise with Funding Opportunities
Academic Room	Anyone can create a profile. Profiled categories include "Faculty", "Grad Students", "Undergrads", "Professionals"	Yes	Active	No
Activity Insight	Dictated by data source from institutional systems	Unknown	No networking	Unknown
C-IKNOW	Defined using Web of science ID or on an ad hoc basis	No	Active and Passive	No
Collaborative Partnership / Profile System	Dictated by data source from institutional systems	Unknown	Passive (Active coming in 2012)	Unknown
Community Academic Profiles - CAP	Active Stanford physicians, School of Medicine faculty, students, staff and postdocs.	Yes	Active and Passive	Unknown
Curvita^TM Profile Manager	All	Unknown	No networking	Unknown
CUSP - Columbia University Scientific Profiles	All Columbia faculty	Yes	Active	Unknown
Digital Vita	All	Yes	Passive	Unknown
Elsevier's SciVal Experts	Any researchers can be included	Yes the Profile Enhancer module enables users to enter content into their profiles via forms. Content types supported include (but not limited to): Research Interests and Statements; Non-Scopus Articles, Books, Patents, Conference Proceedings; Grants; Teaching Information; Creative Works; Awards and Honors; Professional Information	Passive	Yes the Funding Recommendation module within Experts automatically recommends funding opportunities and suggested collaborators to profiled researchers with no manual effort.
Elsevier's SciVal Spotlight	All published researchers	No, Spotlight links to profiles in Scopus. Researchers can submit feedback on profiles within Scopus.	Passive	No
Epernicus Solutions & Epernicus Network	Anyone who enters a profile (for Epernicus Network)	Yes (for Epernicus Network)	Passive	Unknown
ERIM Member Profile System (ERIM MIS)	Multiple faculties at Erasmus use it	Unknown	Active	Unknown
EUREKA!^TM Enhancing Student Research	University of Texas at Austin faculty	Unknown	No networking	Unknown
Expertise @ Maryland	All	Unknown	Currently passive, but building active	Unknown
Faculty Profile System	Any faculty at UC Irvine	Yes	No networking	Unknown
Faculty Research Information Profile (FRIP)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index	Federally funded, published faculty	Unknown	No networking	Unknown
GENIUS	Any faculty member who creates a profile on the system	Yes	Passive	Unknown
Google	Anyone can be searched on Google	N/A	No networking	No
HUBzero	Indiana University, Indiana University School of Medicine, Purdue University, U. of Notre Dame, Regenstrief	Unknown	Active	Unknown
iamResearcher	Any researcher who creates a profile	Yes	Passive (?)	Unknown
iAMscientist	Any researcher who creates a profile	Yes	Passive	Unknown
i2iConnect	Industry licensing representatives	Unknown	Passive	Unknown
InCites	All published	No (?)	Passive	Unknown
INDURE	All faculty at 4 Indiana institutions	Unknown	Passive	Unknown
LatticeGrid	Currently Medical School faculty only. Developed for biomedical research organizations	Yes Users can update the Medical School faculty database, which then feeds LatticeGrid	Passive	Yes Connected to a Northwestern tool called FacultyConnect to match faculty with a special limited set of Northwestern-specific non-federal funding opportunities in the life and biomedical sciences domains
Lattes Database	Curriculum and institutions database of Science and Technology areas in Brazil. Anyone can create a profile.	Yes	No apparent networking	Unknown
LinkedIn	Anyone who creates a LinkedIn profile	Yes	Passive and Active	Unknown
Loki	All faculty at University of Iowa	Yes	Passive	Unknown
McCormick Collaboration Visualization Tool	All Northwestern publications from Web of Science	No	Passive	No
MizzouLinks	Currently a pilot group from two Missouri interdisciplinary centers	Unknown	Passive	Unknown
MyScienceWork	Anyone who creates a profile	Yes	Active and Passive	Unknown
OSU:pro	All OSU faculty	Unknown	No apparent networking	Unknown
Pivot	3 million profiles (and growing, according to the publisher). Profiles are compiled even without user registration, but can only be viewed by registered users	Yes	Passive	Yes through a direct connection with the COS product
Profiles	All users as defined by each institution. "Profiles" are also created for institutions, departments, concepts, publications, networks, events or any other class defined in the ontology	Yes	Passive and Active	No
ReachNC	UNC faculty in various disciplines, Duke, and RTI Fellows	Yes	Passive	No
Research Accelerator	Any member of the Yale research enterprise	Yes (?)	Passive	Unknown
Research In View	All faculty at an institution	Unknown	Passive and Active	Unknown
ResearcherID	Anyone who creates a profile	Yes	Passive and Active	Unknown
SciENcv	Not yet established	Not yet established	No apparent networking	No
Symplectic Elements	Yes All users may be included (as defined by institution).	Yes Automatically populate web profiles with data, as dictated by data sources. Option to manually curate profile data also available (some data is only editable by administrators or through feeds).	Active and passive import, passive export.	Yes Data from Elements can be fed to VIVO via the open source VIVO Harvester developed by Symplectic.
VIVO	All users (as defined by the institution)	Yes	Passive and Active	Possibly
Yaffle	All Memorial University faculty	Yes	Passive	Unknown

Controlled Vocabulary, Ontologies and Author Disambiguation

This table provides information on the types of controlled vocabulary or thesauri used by the tools, as well as ontologies supported and whether author disambiguation is performed by the software.

Research Networking Tool	Thesaurus/Controlled Vocabulary Used	Ontology/Ontologies Supported	Automatic Author Disambiguation
Academic Room	unknown	unknown	No
Activity Insight	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
C-IKNOW	Not applicable	Uses elements of FOAF and Dublin Core in RDF; uses Pellet reasoning engine	No (but can be done in conjunction with software developed at Northwestern University)
Collaborative Partnership / Profile System	Unknown	Unknown	In development
Community Academic Profiles - CAP	MeSH	Unknown	Yes (partial)
Curvita^TM Profile Manager	Unknown	Unknown	No
CUSP - Columbia University Scientific Profiles	Unknown	Unknown	Yes
Digital Vita	Unknown	Unknown	No (but can be done manually by authors)
Elsevier's SciVal Experts	"Elsevier Fingerprinting Engine" uses nine thesauri including MeSH to match and identify key concepts for an individual or group of people. Thesauri updates and expansion are ongoing.	Maps to VIVO ontology	Yes
Elsevier's SciVal Spotlight	None	None	Yes
Epernicus Solutions & Epernicus Network	Unknown	Unknown	No (can be done manually by authors)
ERIM Member Profile System (ERIM MIS)	Unknown	Unknown	Yes uses author ID numbers
EUREKA!^TM Enhancing Student Research	Unknown	Unknown	No
Expertise @ Maryland	Unknown	Unknown	Yes
Faculty Profile System	Unknown	Unknown	No
Faculty Research Information Profile (FRIP)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
GENIUS	Unknown	Unknown	No
Google	None (Google uses generic keywords)	Unknown	No (but can be done manually through Google Scholar "My Citations" functionality)
HUBzero	Unknown	Unknown	No
iamResearcher	Unknown	Unknown	No
iAMscientist	Unknown	Unknown	No
i2iConnect	Unknown	Unknown	No
InCites	Unknown	Unknown	No (Though InCites can accept data from ResearcherID and Research in View profiling systems for disambiguation)
INDURE	Unknown	Unknown	N/A
LatticeGrid	MeSH	Uses elements of FOAF and other ontologies	No (but can be done manually by authors)
Lattes Database	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
LinkedIn	None	Unknown	No
Loki	Unknown	Unknown	Yes (uses campus directory for authentication)
McCormick Collaboration Visualization Tool	None	Unknown	Yes
MizzouLinks	Unknown	Unknown	No
MyScienceWork	Unknown	Unknown	No
OSU:pro	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Pivot	Unknown	Unknown	Yes
Profiles	MeSH, others are being developed to go beyond the life and biomedical sciences	VIVO RDF ontology with additional Profiles RDF classes and properties	Yes Harvard Profiles uses an XML-based "disambiguation service" to import Medline publications and uses configurable heuristics in its disambiguation algorithm
ReachNC	Scopus taxonomy uses MeSH and general keywords	Maps to VIVO ontology	Yes
Research Accelerator	Unknown	Unknown	No
Research In View	Unknown	US DOE CIP code	Yes
ResearcherID	Unknown	Unknown	No (although authors can build their publication list and manually disambiguate)
SciENcv	No thesaurus used	Unknown	No
Symplectic Elements	Not yet available	Supports mapping of publication, person and grants data to VIVO via the open source VIVO Harvester developed by Symplectic.	Yes
VIVO	VIVO uses several thesauri that are available through Semantic Web, including MeSH	The VIVO Ontology was developed and supported by NIH-funded efforts and continues to be developed and built upon through SouceForge and in collaboration with the eagle-i project.	Yes
Yaffle	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown

Bibliometrics

This table provides information on the types of bibliometrics provided in the tool.

Research Networking Tool	h-index	Citation count	Other
Academic Room
Activity Insight
C-IKNOW
Collaborative Partnership / Profile System
Community Academic Profiles - CAP
Curvita^TM Profile Manager
CUSP - Columbia University Scientific Profiles
Digital Vita
Elsevier's SciVal Experts	Yes	Yes
Elsevier's SciVal Spotlight	Yes	Yes
Epernicus Solutions & Epernicus Network
ERIM Member Profile System (ERIM MIS)
EUREKA!^TM Enhancing Student Research
Expertise @ Maryland
Faculty Profile System
Faculty Research Information Profile (FRIP)
Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index
GENIUS
Google Scholar	Yes
HUBzero
iamResearcher
iAMscientist
i2iConnect
InCites
INDURE
LatticeGrid
Lattes Database
LinkedIn	No	No	None
Loki
McCormick Collaboration Visualization Tool
MizzouLinks
MyScienceWork
OSU:pro
Pivot
Profiles
ReachNC	Yes
Research Accelerator
Research In View
ResearcherID	Yes	Yes
SciENcv
Symplectic Elements
VIVO
Yaffle

References

^ ^a ^b Carey J (2011). "Faculty of 1000 and VIVO: Invisible colleges and team science". Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship Spring 2011.
^ Fazel-Zarandi M, Devlin HJ, Huang Y and Contractor N (2011). "Expert recommendation based on social drivers, social network analysis, and semantic data representation". 2nd International Workshop on Information Heterogeneity and Fusion in Recommender Systems. pp. 41-48. (ACM, Chicago, IL)
^ Gewin, V (15 December 2010). "Collaboration: Social networking seeks critical mass". Nature 468 (7326): 993–4. doi:10.1038/nj7326-993a.
^ Contractor, NS; Monge, PR (November 2002). "Managing knowledge networks". Management Communication Quarterly 16 (2): 249–58. doi:10.1177/089331802237238.
^ Huang Y, Contractor N and Yao Y (2008). "CI-KNOW: Recommendation based on Social Networks." In The Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference (Digital Government Society of North America), pp. 27-33.
^ Peter J. Carrington, John Scott, ed. (2011). The SAGE Handbook of Social Network Analysis. SAGE. p. 590. ISBN 1847873952.
^ This Purdue Team is Super - At Computing
^ Kibbe, W. (2010). LatticeGrid
^ "A CTSA-sponsored program for clinical research coordination: networking, education, and mentoring". Clin Transl Sci 4 (1): 42–7. February 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00259.x. PMC 3076925. PMID 21348955.
^ Brooks E, Case C, Corson-Rikert J, et al. (2010). National VIVO network: Implementation plan Retrieved 2012-01-24.
^ VIVO Looks To Next-Gen Scholarship And Its Interconnected Future
^ Elizabeth Church (2012-08-23). "Web tools aim to open the gates to the ivory tower - The Globe and Mail". M.theglobeandmail.com. Retrieved 2012-11-09.
^ Canada (2009-06-04). "Looking for a researcher near you? Yaffle it! - Concordia Journal - Concordia University - Montreal, Quebec, Canada". Cjournal.concordia.ca. Retrieved 2012-11-09.

General References

"A multi-level systems perspective for the science of team science". Sci Transl Med 2 (49): 49cm24. September 2010. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001399. PMID 20844283.
Contractor, NS; Wasserman, S; Faust, K (July 2006). "Testing multitheoretical, multilevel hypothesis about organizational networks: An analytic framework and empirical example". Academy of Management Review 31 (3): 681–703. doi:10.5465/AMR.2006.21318925.
Cressman, D., Holbrook, J.A., Lewis, B.S., and Wixted, B. (2011). Understanding the Structure of Formal Research Networks (Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University).
"The road we must take: multidisciplinary team science". Sci Transl Med 2 (22): 22cm9. March 2010. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000421. PMID 20374998.
Falk-Krzesinski H, Shaw PL and Wimbiscus-Yoon L (2010). "Comparative Matrix of Research Networking Tools". (Poster presentation). National VIVO Conference: Enabling National Networking of Scientists (Queens, NY).
Falk-Krzesinski HJ, Börner K, Contractor N, et al. (October 2010). "Advancing the science of team science". Clin Transl Sci 3 (5): 263–6. doi:10.1111/j.1752-8062.2010.00223.x. PMC 2965626. PMID 20973925.
Fried, NF; Gibbons, S (2005). "Understanding faculty to improve content recruitment for institutional repositories". D-Lib Magazine 11: 1.
Guimerà, R; Uzzi, B; Spiro, J; Amaral, LAN (2005). "Team assembly mechanisms determine collaboration network structure and team performance". Science 308 (5722): 697–702. doi:10.1126/science.1106340. PMC 2128751. PMID 15860629.
"Multi-university research teams: shifting impact, geography, and stratification in science". Science 322 (5905): 1259–62. November 2008. doi:10.1126/science.1158357. PMID 18845711.
Maxmen A (April 2010). "Science networking gets serious". Cell 141 (3): 387–9. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.019. PMID 20434976.
Pober JS, Neuhauser CS, Pober JM (November 2001). "Obstacles facing translational research in academic medical centers". FASEB J. 15 (13): 2303–13. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0540lsf. PMID 11689456.
Schleyer, T.; Spallek, H.; Butler, B. S.; Subramanian, S.; Weiss, D.; Poythress, M. L.; Rattanathikum, P.; Mueller, G. (2008). "Requirements for expertise location systems in biomedical science and the Semantic Web". International Semantic Web Conference 2008. CiteSeerX: 10.1.1.140.9790.
Schleyer, T.; Spallek, H.; Butler, B. S.; Subramanian, S.; Weiss, D.; Poythress, M. L.; Rattanathikum, P.; Mueller, G. (2008). "Facebook for scientists: requirements and services for optimizing how scientific collaborations are established". J Med Internet Res 10 (3): e24. doi:10.2196/jmir.1047. PMC 2553246. PMID 18701421.
Spallek H, Schleyer T and Butler BS (2008). "Good partners are hard to find: the search for and selection of collaborators in the health sciences". Paper presented at: Fourth IEEE International Conference on eScience (Indianapolis, IN: IEEE Computer Society).
Stewart D (2011). "Enterprise content management in three easy questions". In Gartner Blog Network (Stamford, CT: Gartner).
Stewart DL (2010). "Knowing what you know: Expertise Discovery & management - Part 1". In Connected Knowledge, DL Stewart, ed. (Portland, OR Oregon Health & Science University).
Stewart DL (2010). "Sustaining the collaborative enterprise". In Connected Knowledge, DL Stewart, ed. (Portland, OR Oregon Health & Science University).
Wieder B (2011). "Academic-reference firm offers $10,001 for best new research tool". In The Wired Campus, L Schamber, ed. (Washington, DC: The Chronicle of Higher Education).
"The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge". Science 316 (5827): 1036–9. May 2007. doi:10.1126/science.1136099. PMID 17431139.

External links

This page has been cited by "AAMC Technology Now Research Networking" (pdf).

Perbandingan -- Research Networking Tools and Research Profiling Systems

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