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(Sebelumnya) Comparison of Research Network ...XAD (software) (Berikutnya)

Perbandingan -- revision control software

The following is a comparison of revision control software. The following tables include general and technical information on notable revision control and software configuration management (SCM) software. For SCM software not suitable for source code, see Perbandingan -- open source configuration management software.

Contents

General information

Table explanation

  • Software: The name of the application, that is described.
  • Maintainer: The company or group that is currently taking responsibility for the software's maintenance or development
  • Development Status: The current status of the software project
  • Repository model: describes the relationship between various copies of the source code repository. In a client–server model, users access a master repository via a client; typically, their local machines hold only a working copy of a project tree. Changes in one working copy must be committed to the master repository before they are propagated to other users. In a distributed model, repositories act as peers, and users typically have a local repository with version history available, in addition to their working copies.
  • Concurrency model: describes how changes to the working copy are managed to prevent simultaneous edits from causing nonsensical data in the repository. In a lock model, changes are disallowed until the user requests and receives an exclusive lock on the file from the master repository. In a merge model, users may freely edit files, but are informed of possible conflicts upon checking their changes into the repository, whereupon the version control system may merge changes on both sides, or let the user decide when conflicts arise. Note that distributed version control almost always implies a merge concurrency model.
  • License: The license model under which the software is licensed. These can be both free and paid licenses
  • Platforms Supported: The operating systems that the software application currently supports.
  • Cost: The price of the software application
SoftwareMaintainerDevelopment statusMarket share (2009 Q3)[1]Repository modelConcurrency modelLicensePlatforms supportedCost
AccuRev SCMAccuRev, Inc.actively developed0.4%Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryMost Java Platforms (Unix-like, Windows, OS X)Non-free Quoted on an individual basis.
BazaarCanonical Ltd.actively developed ?Distributed[nb 1]MergeGPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
BitKeeperBitMover Inc.actively developed ?DistributedMergeProprietaryUnix-like, Windows, OS XNon-free Quoted on an individual basis.
CA Software Change ManagerCA Technologies[2]actively developed0.3%Client-serverMerge or LockProprietaryUnix, Linux, Windows, i5/OSNon-free Named licenses available with volume discounts available
ClearCaseIBM Rationalactively developed5.4%Client–serverMerge or lock[nb 2]ProprietaryLinux, Windows, AIX, Solaris, HP UX, i5/OS, OS/390, z/OS,Non-free $4600 per floating license (held automatically for 30-minutes minimum per user, can be surrendered manually)
Code Co-opReliable Softwareactively developed ?DistributedMergeProprietaryWindowsNon-free $150 per seat
CodevilleRoss Cohenofficial site offline; latest release July 13, 2007; 5 years ago (2007-07-13) ?Distributedprecise codeville mergeBSDUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
CVSThe CVS Team[3]maintained but new features not added11.9%Client–serverMergeGPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
CVSNTMarch Hare Software[4] and community membersmaintained and new features under development ?Client–serverMerge or lockGPL or proprietaryUnix-like, Windows, OS X, i5/OSFree for older version or £85 commercial license for latest version of CVS Suite or Change Management Server
darcsThe Darcs teamactively developed ?DistributedMergeGPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
FossilD. Richard Hippactively developed ?DistributedMergeBSDPOSIX, Windows, OS X, OtherFree
GitJunio Hamanoactively developed2.7%DistributedMergeGPLPOSIX, Windows, OS XFree
GNU archAndy Taiunmaintained ?DistributedMergeGPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
IC ManageIC Manage Inc.actively developed ?Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryUnix-like, Windows, OS XNon-free Commercial
MKS IntegrityIntegrity, a PTC Companyactively developed0.9%Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryUnix-like, WindowsNon-free
LibreSource SynchronizerArtenum[5]maintained and new features under development ?Client–server extended to "tree"[nb 3]MergeGPL[nb 4]Unix-like, Windows, OS XFree
MercurialMatt Mackallactively developed0.7%DistributedMergeGPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
MonotoneNathaniel Smith, Graydon Hoareactively developed ?DistributedMergeGPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
PerforcePerforce Software Inc.actively developed6.1%Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryUnix-like, Windows, OS XCost free license, available on application, for OSS or educational use; Also free for up to 20 users, 20 workspaces, and unlimited files;[6] Or free for unlimited users and up to 1,000 files; Else $740-$900 per seat in perpetuity, or $144-$300 per seat per year on a subscription model, both with volume discounts[7]
Plastic SCMCodice Softwareactively developed ?Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryLinux, Windows, OS XFree for up to 15 users; else starting at $595 per seat, or $3,500 per 25 developers per year[8]
Rational Team ConcertIBM Rationalactively developed0.2%Client–server[nb 5][9][10]Merge or lockProprietaryLinux, Windows, AIX, Solaris, HP UX, i5/OS, OS/390, z/OS, OS XFree for up to 10 users; else non-free
SCM AnywhereDynamsoft Corporationactively developed ?Client–serverMerge or LockProprietaryUnix-like, Windows, OS XNon-free Single user free; $299 per user, bulk discount available
Sourceanywhere StandaloneDynamsoft Corporationactively developed ?Client–serverMerge or LockProprietaryUnix-like, Windows, Linux, OS XNon-free Single user free; $299 per user, bulk discount available
StarTeamBorland (Micro Focus)actively developed1.6%Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryWindows and Cross-platform via Java based clientNon-free $7500 per concurrent, $2500 per fixed user.
Subversion (SVN)Apache Software Foundation[11]actively developed33.4%Client–server[nb 6]Merge or lock[nb 7]Apache/BSD styleUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
Surround SCMSeapine Softwareactively developed ?Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryLinux, Windows, OS XNon-free Quoted on an individual basis.
SVKBest Practicalmaintenance through 2010, no new features[12] ?Client–server, decentralizedMergeArtistic/GPLUnix-like, Windows, OS XFree
Team Foundation Server (TFS)Microsoftactively developed8.5%Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryServer: Windows Server 2003 or later, Windows 7 or 8 (for Express edition only); Clients: Windows and Web includedFree for up to 5 users in the TFS 11 express edition or for open source projects through codeplex.com; else non-free, licensed through MSDN subscription or direct buy.
SynergyIBM Rationalactively developed0.5%Client–server and DistributedMerge or lockProprietaryLinux, Windows, Unix-likeNon-free Contact IBM Rational[13]
VaultSourceGear LLCactively developed1.1%Client–serverMerge or lockProprietaryUnix-like, Linux, WindowsNon-free $300 per user
VeracitySourceGear LLCactively developed ?DistributedMerge or lockApacheUnix-like, Linux, WindowsFree
VestaKenneth Schalk; Tim Mann,[14][15]actively developed ?Distributed NFS-protocol-emulation choice to optionally confederate clients and/or serverslock on branch; merge branch-to-branchLGPLTru64, LinuxFree
Visual SourceSafe (VSS)Microsoftserious bug fixes only12.5%Shared FolderMerge or lockProprietaryWindowsNon-free ~$500 per license or single license included with each MSDN subscription.
PVCSSerena Softwareactively developed1.7% ?LockProprietaryWindows, Unix-likeNon-free
SoftwareMaintainerDevelopment statusMarket shareRepository modelConcurrency modelLicensePlatforms supportedCost

Technical information

Table explanation

  • Software: The name of the application that is described.
  • Programming language: The coding language in which the application is being developed
  • Storage Method: Describes the form in which files are stored in the repository. A snapshot indicates that a committed file(s) is stored in its entirety—usually compressed. A changeset, in this context, indicates that a committed file(s) is stored in the form of a difference between either the previous version or the next.
  • Scope of change: Describes whether changes are recorded for individual files or for entire directory trees.
  • Revision IDs: are used internally to identify specific versions of files in the repository. Systems may use pseudorandom identifiers, content hashes of revisions, or filenames with sequential version numbers (namespace). With Integrated Difference, revisions are based on the Changesets themselves, which can describe changes to more than one file.
  • Network protocols: lists the protocols used for synchronization of changes.
  • Source code size: Gives the size of the source code in megabytes.
SoftwareProgramming languageStorage methodScope of changeRevision IDsNetwork protocolsSource code size
AccuRev SCMC++, JavaChangesetUnknownNumberscustomUnknown
BazaarPython, Pyrex, C[nb 8]SnapshotTreePseudorandomHTTP, SFTP, FTP, custom, custom over ssh, custom over HTTP, email bundles,[nb 9] WebDAV (with plugin)4.1 MB
BitKeeperCChangesetTreeChangeset keys, numbersBK protocol, rsh, ssh, HTTP, emailUnknown
CA Software Change ManagerC, C++, Java, HTMLChangeset and SnapshotFile and Tree[citation needed]NumbersTCP/IP, HTTPUnknown
ClearCaseC, Java, PerlChangesetFileNumbersHTTP, custom (CCFS), custom (MVFS filesystem driver)Unknown
Code Co-opC++ChangesetUnknownUser ID-Ordinale-mail (MAPI, SMTP/POP3, Gmail), LANUnknown
CodevillePythonUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
CVSCChangesetFileNumberspserver, ssh3.3 MB
CVSNTC++ChangesetFile and Tree[16]Numberssspi, sserver, gserver, pserver, custom over ssh55MB
darcsHaskellChangeset (Patch)Treen/aHTTP, custom over ssh, email1.7 MB
FossilCSnapshotTreeSHA-1 hashesHTTP7.2 MB[nb 10]
GitC, shell scripts, PerlSnapshotTreeSHA-1 hashesGit Server Protocol[17] over TCP or ssh, rsync, HTTP/HTTPS, email, bundles10.2 MB
GNU archC, shell scriptsChangesetTreeNumbersWebDAV, HTTPUnknown
IC ManageC++, CChangesetUnknownNumberscustomUnknown
LibreSource SynchronizerJavaChangesetUnknownTimestampsHTTP, File-SystemUnknown
MercurialPython, CChangesetTreeNumbers,[nb 11] SHA-1 hashesHTTP, custom over ssh, email bundles (with standard plugin)1.2 MB
MKS IntegrityC, JavaChangesetFileNumbersHTTP, customUnknown
MonotoneC++Hybrid[nb 12]TreeSHA-1 hashescustom (netsync), custom over ssh, file system4.4 MB
PerforceC++, CChangesetTreeNumberscustomUnknown
Rational Team ConcertJavaChangesetTreeNumbersREST services over HTTP/HTTPSUnknown
SCM AnywhereC++, Java, C#ChangesetFile and TreeNumbersSOAP over HTTP or HTTPSUnknown
Sourceanywhere StandaloneC++, JavaChangesetFile and TreeNumbersTCP/IPUnknown
StarTeamC++, C, JavaSnapshotFile and TreeMD5 hashescustom, TCP/IPUnknown
SubversionCChangeset and SnapshotTreeNumberscustom (svn), custom (svn) over ssh, HTTP and SSL (using WebDAV)5.2 MB
Surround SCMC++ChangesetFile and TreeNumbersTCP/IPUnknown
SVKPerlChangesetTreeNumbersUnknownUnknown
SynergyJavaChangeset (text), Snapshot(binary)FileNumbersHTTP, custom over ssh, customUnknown
Team Foundation ServerC++ and C#ChangesetFile and TreeNumbersSOAP over HTTP or HTTPSUnknown
VaultC#ChangesetUnknownUnknownHTTP, HTTPSUnknown
VeracityC, JavaScriptChangesetTreeNumbers, [nb 13] SHA-1, SHA-2 and Skein hashes.HTTP52 MB
VestaC++SnapshotTreeUnknownNFS15.8 MB
Visual SourceSafeCSnapshotFileNumbersSMB, DCOMUnknown
SoftwareProgramming languageStorage methodScope of changeRevision IDsNetwork protocolsSource code size

Features

Table explanation

  • Software: The name of the application that is described.
  • Atomic commits: refers to a guarantee that all changes are made, or that no change at all will be made.
  • File renames: describes whether a system allows files to be renamed while retaining their version history.
  • Merge file renames: describes whether a system can merge changes made to a file on one branch into the same file that has been renamed on another branch (or vice versa). If the same file has been renamed on both branches then there is a rename conflict that the user must resolve.
  • Symbolic links: describes whether a system allows revision control of symbolic links as with regular files. Versioning symbolic links is considered by some people a feature and some people a security breach (e.g., a symbolic link to /etc/passwd). Symbolic links are only supported on select platforms, depending on the software.
  • Pre/post event hooks: indicates the capability to trigger commands before or after an action, such as a commit, takes place.
  • Signed revisions: refers to integrated digital signing of revisions, in a format such as OpenPGP.
  • Merge tracking: describes whether a system remembers what changes have been merged between which branches and only merges the changes that are missing when merging one branch into another.
  • End of line conversions: describes whether a system can adapt the end of line characters for text files such that they match the end of line style for the operating system under which it is used. The granularity of control varies. Subversion, for example, can be configured to handle EOLs differently according to the file type, whereas Perforce converts all text files according a single, per-client setting.
  • Tags: indicates if meaningful names can be given to specific revisions, regardless of whether these names are called tags or labels.
  • International Support: indicates if the software has support for multiple language environments and operating system
  • Unicode filename support: indicates if the software has support for interoperations under file systems using different character encodings.
  • Supports large repos: Can the system handle repositories of around a gigabyte or larger effectively?
SoftwareAtomic commitsFile renamesMerge file renamesSymbolic linksPre/post-event hooksSigned revisionsMerge trackingEnd of line conversionsTagsInternational SupportUnicode filename supportSupports large repos
AccuRev SCMYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesN/AYesYes[18]Yes[19][20]
BazaarYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes[21]YesYesYesUnknown
BitKeeperYesYesYesYesYesUnknownYesUnknownYesUnknownUnknownYes
CA Software Change ManagerYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesUnknown
ClearCasePartial[nb 14]YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes[22]UnknownYes
Code Co-opYesYesYesNoPartialNoNoNoYesUnknownUnknownUnknown
CodevilleUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
CVSNoNoNoNoPartialNoNoYesYesUnknownNoYes
CVSNTYesYesYesYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesYes
darcsYesYesYesNoYesYesN/A[nb 15]NoYesNoUnknownUnknown
FossilYesYesYesYesNoYesYesNoYesYesYesUnknown
GitYesPartial[nb 16]YesYesYesYes[nb 17]YesYesYesPartial[nb 18]Yes[nb 19]Partial[nb 20]
GNU archYesYesUnknownYesYesYesUnknownUnknownYesUnknownUnknownUnknown
IC ManageYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesYesUnknownUnknown
MKS IntegrityYesYesYesNoYesYes[nb 21]Yes[nb 22]YesYesYesYesUnknown
LibreSource SynchronizerYesYesYesNoPartial[nb 23]NoYes[nb 24]NoYesUnknownUnknownUnknown
MercurialYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes[nb 25]Partial[nb 26]Partial[23]
MonotoneYesYesYesNo[nb 27]YesYes, mandatoryYesYesYesUnknownYesUnknown
PerforceYesYes[24]Yes[25]YesYesYesYes[26]YesYesYes[27]Yes[28]Yes
Rational Team ConcertYesYesYesYesYes[nb 28]YesYesYesYesYesYesUnknown
StarTeamYes[nb 29]YesUnknownNoNoNoYesYesYesYesUnknownUnknown
SubversionYesYes[nb 30]NoYesYesNoYes.[nb 31]YesPartial[nb 32]YesYesYes
Surround SCMYesYesYesYesYesNoYesYesYes[29]YesYesYes
SVKYesYesYesYesYes[nb 33]Yes[30]YesYesYesYesUnknownUnknown
SynergyYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes[nb 34]Yes
Team Foundation ServerYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
VaultYesYesYesNoYesNoNoYesYesUnknownUnknownUnknown
VeracityYesYesYesYesYesNoYesYesYesNoYesYes
VestaYesYesUnknownUnknownYesNoNoNoYesNoUnknownYes
Visual SourceSafeNoNo[nb 35]UnknownNoYesNoNoUnknownYesYesUnknownUnknown
SoftwareAtomic commitsFile renamesMerge file renamesSymbolic linksPre/post-event hooksSigned revisionsMerge trackingEnd of line conversionsTagsInternational SupportUnicode filename supportSupports large repos

Advanced features

Table explanation

  • keyword expansion: Supports automatic expansion of keywords such as file revision number.
  • interactive commits: Interactive commits allow the user to cherrypick the patch-hunks that become part of a commit (leaving unselected changes as changes in the working copy), instead of having only a file-level granularity.
  • external references: embedding of foreign repositories in the source tree
  • partial checkout/clone: Ability to check out or clone only a specified subdirectory from a repository.
  • permissions: Tracks file permission bits in the revision history.
  • timestamp preservation: Overwrites the last modified filesystem attribute with the commit time upon checkout.
  • custom automatic merge tool: Automatic merging can be attempted by any tool of the user's choice (hopefully configurable on a per-file basis)
  • supported formats: either read/write support or read-only (conversion, potentially repeated)
  • shared build cache of derived objects: the ability to wink-in derived-objects that were built by other confederated clients that share exactly the same dependencies instead of rebuilding them locally
softwarekeyword expansioninteractive commitsexternal referencespartial checkout/clonepermissionstimestamp preservationcustom automatic merge toolsupported formatsshared build cache of derived objects
AccuRev SCMYesUnknownYesYesexecution bit onlyYesYesgit (bi-dir)[31]No
BazaarYes[32]Yes[33]Yes[34]Noexecution bit onlyNo[nb 36]Yes[35]bzr, subversion,[36] git,[37] hg,[38] any that has a fastexporterNo
BitKeeperPOSIX and RCSYesUnknownUnknownYesUnknownYesbitkeeperNo
CA Software Change ManagerNoYesNoYesexecution bit onlyYesYesCA Software Change ManagerNo
ClearCaseYes[39]NoNoYesYesYes[nb 37]YesClearCaseYes
CVSRCSNoYesYes[nb 38]Partial[nb 39]YesNocvsNo
CVSNTRCSYes[nb 40]Yes[nb 41]Yes[nb 42]YesYesNocvsYes[nb 43]
darcsNoYesNoNo[nb 44]Partial[nb 45]Noconflicts onlydarcsNo
FossilNoYesNoNoexecution bit only[40]UnknownNofossil (uses sqlite), any that has a fastexporter[41]No
GitNo[nb 46]Yes[nb 47]Yes[42]No[nb 48]execution bit onlyNo[nb 49]Yesgit, cvs, subversion, hg, any that has a fastexporterNo
MercurialYes[43]Yes[44]Yes[45]Partial[46]execution bit onlythrough (alpha) extension[47]non-trivial cases onlyhg, subversion,[48] git,[49] any other format supported by the Convert extension[50]No
Rational Team ConcertNoYesYesYesYesUnknownUnknownN/ANo
Surround SCMYesNoNoYesNoYesYes[nb 50]SurroundNo
SVKYesYes[nb 51]UnknownYesUnknownUnknownUnknownsubversionNo
SubversionYes[51]NoYes[52]Yesexecution bit onlyPartial[nb 52]Yes[nb 53]subversionNo
VeracityNoNoNoNoYesYesYesgit, cvs, subversion, hg, any that has a fastexporterNo
VestaNoNoYes via SDLNoUnknownYesNoVestaYes
softwarekeyword expansioninteractive commitsexternal referencespartial checkout/clonepermissionstimestamp preservationcustom automatic merge toolsupported formatsshared build cache of derived objects

Basic commands

Table explanation

  • Commands in green rectangles that are not surrounded by [square brackets] are at an interactive command-line prompt. Text in [square brackets] is an explanation of where to find equivalent functionality.
  • repository init: Create a new empty repository (i.e., version control database)
  • clone: Create an identical instance of a repository (in a safe transaction)
  • pull: Download revisions from a remote repository to a local repository
  • push: Upload revisions from a local repository to a remote repository
  • local branches: Create a local branch that does not exist in the original remote repository
  • checkout: Create a local working copy from a (remote) repository
  • update: Update the files in a working copy with the latest version from a repository
  • lock: Lock files in a repository from being changed by other users
  • add: Mark specified files to be added to repository at next commit
  • remove: Mark specified files to be removed at next commit (note: keeps cohesive revision history of before and at the remove.)
  • move: Mark specified files to be moved to a new location at next commit
  • copy: Mark specified files to be copied at next commit
  • merge: Apply the differences between two sources to a working copy path
  • commit: Record changes in the repository
  • revert: Restore working copy file from repository
  • generate bundle file: Create a file that contains a compressed set of changes to a given repository
  • rebase: Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
softwarerepository initclonepullpushlocal branchescheckoutupdatelockaddremovemovecopymergecommitrevertgenerate bundle filerebase
AccuRev SCMmkdepotN/AN/AN/Amkstreammkwsupdateanchoradddefunctmovecp [then] add / incl -s / lnmergekeep / promotepurge / revertN/Achstream
Bazaarinitbranchpullpushcreate-local-branch[nb 54]checkoutupdateUnknownaddrmmvN/Amergecommitrevertsendrebase[nb 55]
ClearCaseinitN/AN/AN/AN/Acheckoutupdatelock / unlockmkelemrmnamemvN/Amergecheckinuncheckout / rmverN/Afindmerge
CVSinitN/AN/AN/AN/AcheckoutupdateUnknownaddrmN/AN/Aupdate -jcommitremove [then] updateN/AN/A
CVSNTinitN/AN/AN/AN/AcheckoutupdateeditaddrmrenameN/Aupdate -jcommitupdate -CN/AN/A
darcsinitget / putpullpushN/A[nb 56]getpullUnknownaddremovemoveN/Apull / pushrecordrevertsend -o[nb 57]Coming soon[dated info]
Fossilnew / openclonepullpushbranch / commit --branchclone/openupdateN/Aaddrm/delmv/renameN/AmergecommitrevertN/AN/A
Gitinit / init --bareclonefetch[nb 58]pushbranchclonepullN/Aaddrmmvcp [then] git add[nb 59]mergecommitcheckoutbundlerebase
Mercurialinitclonepullpushbookmark[nb 60]clonepull -uN/Aaddrmmvcopymergecommitrevertbundlerebase[53]
MonotoneinitclonepullpushN/AcheckoutupdateUnknownadddroprenameN/AmergecommitrevertN/AN/A
Perforcep4dUnknownUnknownUnknownN/Aeditsynclock / unlockadddeletemoveintegrateresolvesubmitrevertUnknownUnknown
SVKsvk depotmap [or] svnadmin create)mirrorpullpushcopycheckoutupdateUnknownaddrmmvcpmergecommitrevertN/Asmerge -I
Subversionsvnadmin createsvnadmin hotcopy[work-around]: svnadmin load[work-around]: svnadmin dumpN/AcheckoutupdatelockaddrmmvcpmergecommitrevertN/AN/A
Surround SCMmkmainlineN/AN/AN/AmkbranchcheckoutgetcheckoutaddrmmoveN/AmergecheckinvoidcheckoutN/Arebase
Veracityrepo initclonepullpushbranchcheckoutpull -ulockaddrmmvN/AmergecommitrevertN/AN/A
VestavcreatevreplvreplvreplN/Avcheckoutvadvancevcheckout[… then] vcheckin[nb 61]vrmmv [then] vcheckin[nb 62]cp [then] vcheckin[nb 63]vdiffvcheckinvcheckin -c 0vmake [or] vestavadvance
Visual SourceSafe?UnknownUnknownUnknownN/AGet LatestGet LatestCheck OutAdd FilesDelete?Unknown?Check InUndo Check OutUnknownUnknown
softwarerepository initclonepullpushlocal branchescheckoutupdatelockaddremovemovecopymergecommitrevertgenerate bundle filerebase

Advanced commands

Table explanation

  • Commands in green rectangles that are not surrounded by [square brackets] are at an interactive command-line prompt. Text in [square brackets] is an explanation of where to find equivalent functionality.
  • command aliases: create custom aliases for specific commands or combination thereof
  • lock/unlock: exclusively lock a file to prevent others from editing it
  • shelve/unshelve: temporarily set aside part or all of the changes in the working directory
  • rollback: remove a patch/revision from history
  • cherry-picking: move only some revisions from a branch to another one (instead of merging the branches)
  • bisect: binary search of source history for a change that introduced or fixed a regression
  • incoming/outgoing: query the differences between the local repository and a remote one (the patches that would be fetched/sent on a pull/push)
  • grep: search repository for lines matching a pattern
  • record: include only some changes to a file in a commit and not others
Softwarecommand aliaseslock/unlockshelve/unshelverollbackcherry-pickingbisectincoming/outgoinggreprecord
AccuRev SCMNoenable file lockingkeep / corevert / purgepatchNoNoNoUnknown
Bazaar[in '.bazaar/bazaar.conf' file]Noshelve/unshelveuncommitmerge (non-tracking)bisect (bisect plugin)missing --theirs-only/missing --mine-onlygrep (grep plugin)Unknown
CVSNT[in '.cvsrc' file]edit -x/unedit[nb 64]Noadmin -o[nb 65]yes[nb 66]annotate[nb 67]Nono[54]No
DarcsNoNorevert/unrevertunrecordyes[nb 68]trackdown[nb 69]pull/push --dry-runNorecord
FossilNoNostash pop/stash apply[nb 70]merge --rollbackmerge --cherrypickbisectNosearchNo
Git[in '.gitconfig' file]Nostash/stash pop[nb 71]reset HEAD^cherry-pickbisectcherrygrepadd -p
Mercurial[in '.hgrc' file]Noshelve/unshelve (bundled extension[55])rollbackgraft(core[56]) or transplant(bundled extension[57])bisectincoming/outgoinggreprecord (bundled extension[58])
Monotone[in monotonerc]NoNokill_rev_locally[nb 72]pluckbisectNoNoUnknown
Perforcevia broker[59]lock/unlockshelve/unshelveobliterateinteg[60]UnknownUnknowngrepUnknown
SVKNoNoNoNosvk mergeNostatus[nb 73]NoNo
SubversionNolock/unlockNoNosvnmerge cherry-pickingThird party tool[nb 74]status -u[nb 75]NoNo
Surround SCMNocheckoutshelfrollbackduplicatechangesNodiffNoNo
Team Foundation ServerYeslock/unlockshelve/unshelveUnknownUnknownNoUnknownUnknownNo
VeracityNolock/unlock [nb 76]NoNoNoNoincoming/outgoingNoNo
Softwarecommand aliaseslock/unlockshelve (stash)/unshelverollbackcherry-pickingbisectincoming/outgoinggreprecord

User interfaces

Table explanation

  • Software: The name of the application that is described.
  • Web Interface: Describes whether the software application contains a web interface. A web interface could allow the software to post diagnostics data to a website, or could even allow remote control of the software application.
  • GUIs: A GUI is a graphical user interface. If a software product features a GUI its functionality can be accessed through application windows as opposed to accessing functionality based upon typing commands at the command prompt such as a DOS interface.
  • Plug-ins: functionality is available through an Integrated Development Environment. Minimum functionality should be to list the revision state of a file and check in/check out files.
SoftwareWeb interfacesStand-alone GUIsIntegration and/or Plug-ins for IDEs
AccuRev SCMYesWindows (incl. explorer integration), Linux, Unix, OS X, BeOS availableIntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, Visual Studio
Bazaarcan use a plain webserver, webserve, Launchpad, loggerhead or TracOlive, bzr-gtk (GTK+), Bazaar Explorer (Qt), QBzr (Qt), TortoiseBzr (Windows)Eclipse (BzrEclipse, QBzrEclipse), Visual Studio (bzr-visualstudio), TextMate (TextMateBundle), Komodo IDE
CA Software Change ManagerincludedEclipse-based GUIEclipse, MS Visual Studio
ClearCaseincluded, Clearcase Web Interfaceolder: MS Windows native, Motif-based GUI for Unix-like systems, TSO client for z/OS.Emacs, Eclipse ( IBM Proprietary, Eclipse-CCase ), Visual Studio (IBM proprietary), KDevelop (standard?), IntelliJ IDEA (standard in Ultimate Edition)
Code Co-opNot necessary since entire project is replicated locallyWindowsUnknown
CVScvsweb, ViewVC, codeBeamer, othersTortoiseCVS, TkCVS (Tcl/Tk), (Windows Explorer), WinCVS, OS X, GTK, Qt availableEclipse (Team), KDevelop (standard), IntelliJ IDEA (standard in Community and Ultimate Editions), Emacs (standard VC), Komodo IDE, BBEdit
CVSNTcvsweb, ViewVC, othersWindows, OS X, OS/400, GTK, Qt availableAll those that support CVS, plus commercial plugins for SCCI, Bugzilla, Build
darcsdarcs.cgi included; darcsweb, Tracunder development; TortoiseDarcs (Windows Explorer), OS X (alpha),Eclipse (eclipsedarcs), Emacs (vc-darcs.el)
GitGitweb, wit, cgit, GitHub, gitorious, Trac, codeBeamer, Bitbucket, Stashgitk, git-gui (Tcl/Tk), tig, Gitbox (OS X), TortoiseGit, qgit, gitg (GNOME/GTK), (h)gct (Qt), git-cola (Qt), Git Extensions (Windows Explorer), SmartGit/Hg, Tower, SourceTree (OS X), Sprout (OS X), GitX (OS X)Aptana 3 Beta (Aptana Studio 3 with Git Integration); Eclipse (JGit/EGit); Netbeans (NbGit); KDevelop; Visual Studio (Git Extensions); Emacs (extension for standard VC); TextMate (Git TextMate Bundle); Vim (VCSCommand plugin and fugitive plugin); IntelliJ IDEA >8.1 (standard in Community and Ultimate Editions); Komodo IDE; Anjuta
GNU archArchZoomArchWay (GTK2), TlaLogEmacs (standard VC)
IC ManageincludedWindows, Linux, Unix, OS XEmacs, Cadence Design Framework, Synopsys Custom Designer
MKS IntegrityYesWindows, Linux, Unix, Solaris, AIX,Eclipse, Microsoft Visual Studio, Perforce and others. Also provides support for the industry standard Source Code Control (SCC) interface[61]
LibreSource SynchronizerLibreSourceWindows, Linux, Unix, OS X available[nb 77]Unknown
Mercurialincluded,[nb 78] Bitbucket, Trac, codeBeamerHgk (Tcl/Tk), (h)gct (Qt), TortoiseHg (Windows Explorer, Nautilus), MacHg,

MacMercurial, Murky, SourceTree (OS X), TortoiseHg, SmartGit/Hg

IntelliJ IDEA (hg4idea 3:rd party plugin), Eclipse (Mercurial Eclipse), NetBeans ([62]), Visual Studio 2008 ([63]), Emacs, Vim (VCSCommand plugin), Komodo IDE, Eric Python IDE
MonotoneViewMTN, TracMonotone,Monotone-Viz (GTK+), Guitone (Qt), Monotone Browser (GTK+, Perl)Unknown
Perforceincluded, P4Web, P4FTPWindows, Linux, Unix, OS X, BeOS availableEclipse, Visual Studio (P4SCC), KDevelop (standard?), IntelliJ IDEA (standard in Ultimate Edition), Komodo IDE, BBEdit, Emacs (p4.el)
Rational Team ConcertYesEclipse-based GUIEclipse integration; MS Visual Studio integration(Limited)
StarTeamincludedWindows, Java, Eclipse, Visual Studio, BDS2006 integration, plus Java command-lineIntelliJ IDEA (standard in Ultimate Edition), Visual Studio, JBuilder, Eclipse
SubversionApache 2 module included, WebSVN, ViewSVN, ViewVC, Trac, SharpForge, sventon, codeBeamerJava, KDESVN, OS X[64] (including Finder integration), Nautilus, Qt, RabbitVCS, RapidSVN, SourceTree (OS X), TortoiseSVN (Windows Explorer)Anjuta, BBEdit, Eclipse (Subclipse, Subversive), Emacs (standard VC), IntelliJ IDEA (standard in Community and Ultimate Editions), KDevelop (standard), Komodo IDE, MonoDevelop (standard), Netbeans, RabbitVCS (for GEdit), TextMate (SVNMate plugin), Visual Studio (AnkhSVN, VisualSVN). See also Perbandingan -- Subversion clients
Surround SCMNoWindows, OS X, LinuxDreamweaver, Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, JBuilder, JDeveloper, KDevelop, NetBeans, Powerbuilder, Visual Studio, WebStorm, XCode
Synergyvia Telelogic Change interfaceWindows (incl. explorer integration), Linux, UnixEclipse (Telelogic proprietary), Visual Studio (Telelogic proprietary), IntelliJ IDEA (Telelogic proprietary)
Team Foundation Serverincluded (Sharepoint Server used for web services)Windows included; OS X, Unix availableVisual Studio. Java client for Eclipse IDE and IntelliJ IDEA (standard in Ultimate Edition)
VaultincludedWindows, Unix-like, OS XVisual Studio 2003 and higher, Eclipse 3.2 and higher
VeracityincludedTortoise interface for WindowsNo
VestaVestaWebNoNo
Visual SourceSafenone included; SSWI, VSS RemotingWindows included; Linux, OS X and Solaris using SourceOffSite; any Java VM using Sourceanywhere for VSSVisual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA (standard in Ultimate Edition)
SoftwareWeb interfacesStand-alone GUIsIntegration and/or plug-ins for IDEs

History and adoption

Table explanation

  • Software: The name of the application that is described.
  • Notable users: is a list of well known projects using the software as their primary revision control system, excluding the software itself, followed by a link to a full list if available.
  • History: briefly describes the software's origins and development.
SoftwareHistoryNotable users
AccuRev SCM2002 First publicly released in 2002American Airlines, Ford, Lockheed Martin, Orbitz,[65] Xerox, McAfee,[66] Polycom, SanDisk,[67] Siemens, Sony, Symantec,[68] Thomson Financial, Verizon Wireless[69] and many others
BazaarLoosely related to baz. Sponsored by Canonical Ltd..Ubuntu, Launchpad, KatchTV,[70] MySQL, GRUB2, Bugzilla, GNU Emacs
BitKeeperInfluenced by Sun WorkShop TeamWareLinux Kernel (2002–2005) and many companies[71]
CA Software Change ManagerOriginal company founded in 1977; CA SCM (then called CCC/Harvest) first released in 1995.CA does not disclose customer lists without the companies' permission. CA SCM is used by companies with global development teams including 13 of the Fortune 100.
ClearCase1990 Developed beginning in 1990 by Atria Software, following concepts developed by Apollo Computer in DSEE during the 1980s. The most recent version is 7.1.1, released in Dec 2009.IBM, Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Motorola, Siemens, Ericsson, Nokia, Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication and other large organizations worldwide[citation needed]
Code Co-op1997 The first distributed VCS, demoed in 1997,[72] released soon after.Clients include: Logitech, HP, Ericsson[citation needed]
CVS1986 First publicly released July 3, 1986; based on RCSthousands of organizations worldwide[citation needed]
CVSNT1998 First publicly released 1998; based on CVS. Started by CVS developers with the goal adding support for a wider range of development methods and processes.Primarily professionals (not hobbyists), e.g.: AnandTech,[73] Wachovia,[74] Wells Fargo,[75] Goldman Sachs [76]
darcs2003 First announced on April 9, 2003GHC, Mnet, xmonad, Projects Using Darcs
Fossil2007 Fossil and SQLite have used Fossil since 21 July 2007.SQLite, Fossil, Tcl/Tk Project
Git2005 Started by Linus Torvalds in April 2005, following the BitKeeper controversy.[77]Linux kernel, Android, GNOME, KDE, Perl 5,[78] X.Org, Cairo, Qt Development Frameworks, Samba, OpenEmbedded, Ruby, Ruby on Rails, Wine, Fluxbox, Openbox, Compiz Fusion, XCB, ELinks, XMMS2, e2fsprogs, GNU Core Utilities, DokuWiki, Drupal, MediaWiki,[79] Mono, ASP.NET MVC, ADO.NET Entity Framework, NuGet, jQuery and many of its plugins, OpenCV, OpenOffice.org (Also see list of Git projects)
GNU arch2001 Started by Tom Lord in 2001, it later became part of the GNU project. Lord resigned as maintainer in August 2005.available for GNU Savannah and Gna.org projects
IC Manage2003 Developed by IC Manage, Inc which was founded in 2003 by Shiv Sikand and Dean Drako.many organizations worldwide[80]
MKS Integrity2003 Originally developed by MKS Software. Purchased by PTC in May 2011[81]Many global engineering and IT organizations[82]
LibreSource Synchronizer2005 First publicly released on June 13, 2005Most of the LibreSource Community
Mercurial2005 Started April 6, 2005 by Matt Mackall, following the BitKeeper controversy.[77] First released on April 19, 2005Mozilla, NetBeans, Xine, Xen, OpenJDK, OpenSolaris, wmii, MoinMoin, Linux-HA, Pidgin, Python[83] (Also see list of projects using Mercurial)
Monotone2003 First released in April 2003CTWM, Xaraya, I2P[84]
Perforce1993 Developed by Perforce Software, Inc which was founded in 1995 by Christopher Seiwald.many organizations worldwide,[85] FreeBSD,[86] Google[87]
Rational Team Concert2008 Version 1.0 released on June, 2008IBM
Revision Control System1985 July 1985RCS is generally (but not always) superseded by other systems such as CVS, which began as a wrapper on top of RCS.
Source Code Control System1972Started by Marc Rochkind in 1972 (binary history files, written in Snobol on IBM-370[citation needed]), SCCSv4 with text history files was published February 18, 1977.[citation needed] The same history file format is still used in SCCSv5.[original research?]as the POSIX source-control tool, SCCS is widely available on UNIX platforms, but not included in many Linux distributions. Sun WorkShop TeamWare uses SCCS files.
StarTeam1995 Version 1.0 1995;[88] Developed by StarBase software, acquired by Borland(which was acquired by Micro Focus).Borland, BT, Cintas, EDS, Kaiser Permanente, Met Office, Quest Software, Raymond James, Siemens, and many more globally distributed companies[89]
Subversion2000 Started in 2000 by CVS developers with goal of replacing CVSASF, SourceForge, FreeBSD, Google Code, KDE (-2011), GCC, PuTTY, Zope, Xiph, GnuPG, CUPS, Wireshark, TWiki, Django, WebKit, available on CodePlex, and many organizations worldwide[90]
SVK2003 Authored by Chia-liang Kao with Audrey Tang. First version was on November 19, 2003. 1.00 on May 9, 2005. 2.0.0 on Dec 28th, 2006. SVK became a product of Best Practical on June 5, 2006.Request Tracker
Synergy1988 Developed beginning in 1988 by Caseware, as AmplifyControl. The company was renamed Continuus in 1994, where the product became better known as Continuus/CM. Continuus was acquired by Telelogic in 1999 shortly after going public; the product was renamed Telelogic Synergy. IBM acquired Telelogic in 2008 for integration into their Rational tool suite. The product is now known as IBM Rational Synergy.General Motors, BMW, Chrysler, Nokia, Philips, Raytheon, Morgan Stanley, Friends Provident, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Siemens and other small, medium and large organizations worldwide[citation needed]
Team Foundation Server2006 First publicly released on March, 2006Available on CodePlex, Microsoft itself and other large organizations worldwide[citation needed]
Vault2003 First publicly released in February, 2003Unknown
Vesta1991 First publicly released under the LGPL in 2001DEC Alpha team, Compaq Alpha team, Intel microprocessor development
Visual SourceSafe1995 originally created by a company called One Tree Software, version 3.1. Company was bought by Microsoft which released version 4.0 of VSS around 1995Unknown
SoftwareHistoryNotable users

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Bazaar is a Distributed version control system but it can also be used in a centralized manner using lock step development and checkouts.
  2. ^ In ClearCase, a trigger may be set to allow for the lock model, and this is done at many sites. However, ClearCase development usually takes place on private branches where each developer is given their own branch, so the lock vs. merge concurrency model doesn't matter as much. Code is merged back to the main branch once the developer is ready to deliver their code to the project.
  3. ^ "a workspace can be synchronized with more than one LibreSource Synchronizer. As a limitation, the network must have tree topology." says LibreSource Synchronizer.
  4. ^ As of version 2.5, "LibreSource is now released under GPL Version 2". 
  5. ^ RTC is not a distributed revision control system; but has some distributed feature that can be configured
  6. ^ SVK allows Subversion to have Distributed branches.
  7. ^ In Subversion, a file attribute enables the lock model on per-file basis. This file attribute can be set automatically using file name wildcard expressions.
  8. ^ Bazaar's critical modules are written in Pyrex. They are automatically translated to pure C; except for the patience sorting module, used in merge resolution, which is written directly in the C language.
  9. ^ A Bazaar bundle is a summary diff, with sufficient extra information to preserve history.
  10. ^ 4 MB of which are sqlite3.c
  11. ^ Mercurial revision numbers are local to a repository; they can differ from repository to repository depending on in which order merges are performed.
  12. ^ A Monotone's revisions represent changesets and its manifests represent snapshots, each revision is linked to some manifest. But manifests are legacy constructs, they aren't kept in the database anymore and reconstructed on the fly if needed. The real work now happen in rosters which are hybrid snapshot/changeset structures.
  13. ^ Veracity revision numbers are local to a repository; they can differ from repository to repository depending on in which order merges are performed.
  14. ^ Atomic commit can be enabled for individual checkin's ClearCase 7.1.1 release notes.
  15. ^ darcs' patches each bear a unique identifier, impossible to merge twice the same patch in a repository (without destructively modifying history using "unsafe" commands).
  16. ^ Git does not explicitly track renames, because by design it does not track individual files. Renames and split of source files are detected after the fact, if the file content does not change dramatically.
  17. ^ Since git-1.7.9 (see release notes). Older versions do not sign commits, only tags (see the -s option in git-tag(1) Manual page)
  18. ^ Git itself is not internationalized, just git-gui and gitk (both are shipped with git).
  19. ^ UTF-8 filenames are supported as of version 1.7.10 (MSysGit release notes).
  20. ^ Git has some issues with very large repositories. See Section Better big-file support and Section Designing a faster index format in SoC 2012 Ideas.
  21. ^ Integrity enabled change packages provide complete workflow and 21 CFR Part 11 compliant digital signatures against the item controlling the change package.
  22. ^ 2009 SP5 added a feature to merge child development paths.
  23. ^ Its possible to embed the action in a shell or Ant script.
  24. ^ A merged is tracked by its workspace origin.
  25. ^ Mercurial is in the process of being translated to at least Dutch and Chinese
  26. ^ Support depends upon host OS and is well supported under Unix, but not Windows OSs, due to lack of host support. See [1]
  27. ^ It could be done via user level hooks
  28. ^ Through the procees behaviour components: Operation advisors and Operation participants. http://jazz.net/library/article/292
  29. ^ StarTeam supports atomic commits as of version 2006
  30. ^ Subversion can move a file and conserve its history, if and only if the target of the move is in the same Subversion repository as the source. Cross-repository moves require third-party tools such as svk. Also, a rename operation is actually a copy-with-history-and-delete sequence.
  31. ^ New to SVN 1.5 <http://subversion.apache.org/docs/rel ease-notes/1.5.html#merge-tracking>. A separate tool "svnmerge" <http://www.dellroad.org/svnmerge/> provides merge tracking for older versions.
  32. ^ In Subversion, tags are a special case of the more generic "cheap copy" concept of Subversion. Per convention, a tag is a copy into a directory named "tags". Because of this, even tags are versioned. See http://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/e n/svn.branchmerge.tags.html for more information. The reason for partial support in the table is because Subversion's emulation of tags in this manner does not meet the requirement that the tag name can be used in place of any revision identifier wherever the user may be required to enter one. This column would be meaningless if the definition were to be loosened enough to encompass Subversion's approach as every version control system supports branching and would therefore support tags as well.
  33. ^ Uses subversion server
  34. ^ in Asian releases (v6.6a to v7.1a) and since version 7.2 in general
  35. ^ Version change history is removed upon rename; old name not referenced.
  36. ^ not implemented yet
  37. ^ Can not be disabled in dynamic views.
  38. ^ Using alias of the CVSROOT/modules file.
  39. ^ CVS records executable bit when a file is added, but does not allow changing it later on.
  40. ^ This is a GUI feature supported by TortoiseCVS and WinCVS both of which include/use CVSNT.
  41. ^ Same as CVS, plus also the ability to have replicated repositories including 'shadow' repositories.
  42. ^ Use the module/directory name or an alias created using CVSROOT/modules or CVSROOT/modules2 administration file.
  43. ^ CVSNT supports this when the make/build tool used also supports it.
  44. ^ Darcs can do sparse checkouts from explicit checkpoints on darcs-1 repositories, but not from darcs-2 ones[citation needed]
  45. ^ Darcs can automatically detect #! scripts and make them executable on checkout.
  46. ^ The Git FAQ states that keyword expansion is not a good thing
  47. ^ add -i and add -p, see git-add(1) Manual Page
  48. ^ The Git Community Handbook clearly explains that "Git does not allow partial checkouts"
  49. ^ The Git FAQ explains why preserving modification time is considered harmful
  50. ^ Configurable on server as a Project Option and on the client as a User Option.
  51. ^ commit --interactive, see SVK::Command::Commit
  52. ^ SVN can not preserve file modification times. On request by the client, it can restore check-in time as last-modified time. Disabled by default.
  53. ^ MIME type of the file must be detected as a "human-readable" MIME type, even if the merge tool can work with non-human-readable files
  54. ^ bzr-local-branches plugin
  55. ^ rebase plugin
  56. ^ darcs doesn't have named branches, local or not, branching is handled solely through repository cloning
  57. ^ darcs send prepares a bundle of patches, defaults to sending it by mail but can send it to a file instead
  58. ^ pull is fetch plus merge.
  59. ^ copies are detected after the fact, much like renames
  60. ^ Mercurial Bookmarks are similar to local branches.
  61. ^ Through any of various means, place (to-be-immutable) file in an immutable directory prior to vcheckin.
  62. ^ mv(1) or link(2) the immutable file from its origin immutable directory to its destination immutable directory prior to vcheckin.
  63. ^ Through any of various means, copy the immutable file from its origin immutable directory to its destination immutable directory prior to vcheckin.
  64. ^ You can also enable this as a central preference in the repository server control panel or configuration file
  65. ^ Requires administrator privileges. You can 'rollback' a change using 'cvs update –e –j @commitid –j "@<commitid"' but the change and rollback evidence remains in the history
  66. ^ yes - use TortoiseCVS or WinCVS to commit the change to the destination and select which specific files to keep
  67. ^ bisect is also available for cvs which should work with CVSNT
  68. ^ darcs operate on patches not revision, cherrypicking simply consists in pulling a given patch from one repository to another one as long as the dependencies are fulfilled
  69. ^ trackdown performs an automated search by repeatedly running a provided command on previous revisions on the working copy until the command succeeds (doesn't return an error code)
  70. ^ fossil stash supports multiple shelves with comments.
  71. ^ git stash is a multi-level shelve, it's possible to shelve several change groups at the same time
  72. ^ Only works on a local repository and only on revisions without children. The disapprove command might be an alternative.
  73. ^ svk status lists differences between working copy and repository, not differences between two repositories
  74. ^ SVN Bisect tool svn-bisect
  75. ^ svn status lists differences between working copy and repository, not differences between two repositories
  76. ^ locks are advisory, and can't be enforced on disconnected instances
  77. ^ Any OS that support a Java Virtual Machine 1.5
  78. ^ hgweb for single-repository access and hgwebdir for multiple repository access from a single HTTP address

References

  1. ^ Survey of 1020 professionals who spend >30% of time on application programming
  2. ^ Computer Associates 
  3. ^ "CVS team member list", Non-GNU Savannah, The GNU Project 
  4. ^ CVS Pro, March Hare 
  5. ^ "Artenum, Paris". 
  6. ^ Get Started with Perforce for Free!, Perforce 
  7. ^ Licensing Options, Perforce 
  8. ^ Licesing and pricing, PlasticSCM 
  9. ^ "distributed version control systems (DVCS) Comparisions [sic]". Jazz Forums. 
  10. ^ Jean-Michel Lemieux, Countdown to the next Rational Team Concert: Part II – Source control enhancements, Jazz Community 
  11. ^ Apache Software Foundation 
  12. ^ "The Future of SVK". May 28, 2009. Retrieved June 6, 2009. 
  13. ^ Rational Synergy, IBM 
  14. ^ Vesta Configuration Management System, Sourceforge 
  15. ^ Vesta Configuration Management System, Vesta 
  16. ^ "Changesets". March Hare Software Ltd. Retrieved 8 May 2012. 
  17. ^ Git Server Protocol 
  18. ^ http://www.accurev.com/download/docs/ 5.3.0_books/AccuRev_5_3_0_Install_Rel ease_Notes.pdf
  19. ^ SCM News - Kronos Turns to AccuRev for Software Configuration Management | AccuRev
  20. ^ Enhanced Performance and Scalability for Cross-Platform Geographically Distributed Teams | AccuRev
  21. ^ EOL conversions are supported since bzr 1.14
  22. ^ Support Policy for National Languages and ClearCase from IBM Support
  23. ^ Largefiles Extension since Hg Rev.:2.0
  24. ^ [2] from the Perforce User's Guide
  25. ^ [3] from the Perforce User's Guide
  26. ^ http://www.perforce.com/perforce/tech notes/note009.html
  27. ^ Perforce Knowledge Base: Internationalization and Localization
  28. ^ Perforce Knowledge Base: Internationalization and Localization
  29. ^ [4] - Seapine Software Releases Surround SCM 2009
  30. ^ Signature - SVK Wiki
  31. ^ http://www.accurev.com/kando
  32. ^ Bazaar keywords plugin
  33. ^ Bazaar interactive plugin
  34. ^ Bazaar Externals plugin
  35. ^ "Ignore merge operation for given extension". 
  36. ^ bzr-svn
  37. ^ bzr-git
  38. ^ bzr-hg
  39. ^ IBM Rational ClearCase: The ten best triggers from IBM DeveloperWorks
  40. ^ The manifest, Fossil file formats
  41. ^ Fossil import and export
  42. ^ git-submodule(1) Manual Page
  43. ^ Mercurial KeywordExtension page
  44. ^ Mercurial RecordExtension page
  45. ^ hgforest repository
  46. ^ Subrepository - Mercurial
  47. ^ Mercurial Timestamp Extension
  48. ^ hgsubversion page
  49. ^ Hg-Git Mercurial Plugin
  50. ^ Mercurial ConvertExtension page
  51. ^ Keyword Substitution
  52. ^ Externals Definitions
  53. ^ Mercurial rebase extension project's page
  54. ^ "bug 6463 - enh: search repository". Retrieved 8 May 2012. 
  55. ^ Mercurial Shelve extension page
  56. ^ graft -core command (since Hg Rev.2.0)
  57. ^ Mercurial Transplant extension page
  58. ^ Mercurial Record extension page
  59. ^ The Perforce Broker
  60. ^ Perforce Knowledge Base: "Cherry Picking" Integrations
  61. ^ Supported Integrations — PTC Integrity
  62. ^ MercurialVersionControl - NetBeans Wiki
  63. ^ Sergant's Home Page
  64. ^ La Chose : web agency and software maker – agence web et développement de logiciels
  65. ^ When SCM meets Web 2.0 – Cool Widget at Orbitz | Software Configuration Management and Agile Software Development
  66. ^ McAfee Web Services Team Saves $500,000 per Year by Adopting AccuRev | AccuRev
  67. ^ SanDisk Gains a Competitive Advantage Using AccuRev SCM Software | AccuRev
  68. ^ Symantec Achieves Significant Gains by Moving to AccuRev | AccuRev
  69. ^ Webinar - How Verizon Wireless Overcame Obstacles to Deliver Software More Quickly
  70. ^ WhoUsesBzr - wiki.bazaar.canonical.com
  71. ^ BitKeeper - The Scalable Distributed Software Configuration Management System
  72. ^ Distributed Source Control System
  73. ^ "How to Set up a Source Control on Windows without spending a dime.". AnandTech. Retrieved 8 May 2012. 
  74. ^ "Combining a tag which contains all files with a tag which only contains a subset". Retrieved 8 May 2012. 
  75. ^ "Can no no longer connect to CVSNT from unix clients". 
  76. ^ "gserver client errors". Retrieved 8 May 2012. 
  77. ^ a b Towards A Better SCM: Revlogs and Mercurial, presented by Matt Mackall to the Ottawa Linux Symposium, July 2006
  78. ^ Getting and Working With the Perl Source - dev.perl.org
  79. ^ "Git". MediaWiki. Retrieved 1 August 2012. 
  80. ^ IC Manage: Industrial Strength Data Management
  81. ^ PTC Sets New Standard for Managing Hardware and Software Development Lifecycles with MKS Integrity Acquisition — PTC Integrity
  82. ^ Customers — PTC Integrity
  83. ^ transition ongoing
  84. ^ http://www.venge.net/monotone/wiki/Pr ojectsUsingMonotone
  85. ^ http://www.perforce.com/perforce/cust omers.html
  86. ^ Perforce in FreeBSD Development
  87. ^ http://www.perforce.com/perforce/conf erences/eu/2010/Presentations/Geoff_M endal-Strategic_Plan.paper.pdf
  88. ^ Starteam®
  89. ^ Customer Profiles
  90. ^ http://subversion.tigris.org/testimon ials.html

External links

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