Komputer & Telekomunikasi    
   
Daftar Isi ☛
(Sebelumnya) SamnaSamsung Electronics (Berikutnya)

Samsung

Samsung Group
삼성그룹
三星그룹
TypeChaebol
IndustryConglomerate
Founded1938
Founder(s)Lee Byung-chull
HeadquartersSamsung Town, Seoul, South Korea
Area servedWorldwide
Key peopleLee Kun-hee
(Chairman of Samsung Electronics)
ProductsApparel, chemicals, consumer electronics, electronic components, medical equipment, precision instruments, semiconductors, ships, telecommunications equipment
ServicesAdvertising, construction, entertainment, financial services, hospitality, information and communications technology services, medical services, retail
RevenueIncrease US$ 220.2 billion (2011)[1]
Net incomeIncrease US$ 21.2 billion (2011)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$ 343.7 billion (2011)[1]
Total equityIncrease US$ 141.1 billion (2011)[1]
Employees344,000 (2011)[1]
SubsidiariesSamsung Electronics
Samsung Life Insurance
Samsung Heavy Industries
Samsung C&T
Samsung SDS
Samsung Techwin etc.
WebsiteSamsung.com

Samsung Group (Hangul: 삼성그룹; Hanja: 三星그룹; Korean pronunciation: [sam.sʌŋ ɡɯ'ɾup̚]) is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul. It comprises numerous subsidiaries and affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand, and is the largest South Korean chaebol.

Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chull in 1938 as a trading company. Over the next three decades the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail. Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lee's death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Since the 1990s Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities, and electronics, particularly mobile phones and semiconductors, has become its most important source of income.

Notable Samsung industrial subsidiaries include Samsung Electronics (the world's largest information technology company measured by 2012 revenues),[2] Samsung Heavy Industries (the world's second-largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues),[3] and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T (respectively the world's 35th- and 72nd-largest construction companies).[4] Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world's 14th-largest life insurance company),[5] Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the oldest theme park in South Korea),[6] Samsung Techwin (a surveillance, aeronautics, optoelectronics, automations and weapons technology company) and Cheil Worldwide (the world's 19th-largest advertising agency measured by 2010 revenues).[7][8]

Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea's economic development, politics, media and culture, and has been a major driving force behind the "Miracle on the Han River".[9][10] Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Korea's total exports.[11]

Contents

Name

According to the founder of Samsung Group, the meaning of the Korean hanja word Samsung (三星) is "tristar" or "three stars". The word "three" represents something "big, numerous and powerful"; the "stars" mean eternity.[12]

History

1938 to 1970

The headquarters of Samsung Sanghoe in Daegu in the late 1930s

In 1938,[13] Lee Byung-chull (1910–1987) of a large landowning family in the Uiryeong county came to the nearby Daegu city and founded Samsung Sanghoe (삼성상회, 三星商會), a small trading company with forty employees located in Su-dong (now Ingyo-dong). It dealt in groceries produced in and around the city and produced its own noodles. The company prospered and Lee moved its head office to Seoul in 1947. When the Korean War broke out, however, he was forced to leave Seoul and started a sugar refinery in Busan named Cheil Jedang. After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built the plant in Chimsan-dong, Daegu. It was the largest woollen mill ever in the country and the company took on the aspect of a major company.

Samsung diversified into many areas and Lee sought to help establish Samsung as an industry leader in a wide range of enterprises, moving into businesses such as insurance, securities, and retail. Lee placed great importance on industrialization, and focused his economic development strategy on a handful of large domestic conglomerates, protecting them from competition and assisting them financially.[14]

In 1948, Cho Hong-jai (the Hyosung group’s founder) jointly invested in a new company called Samsung Mulsan Gongsa (삼성물산공사), or the Samsung Trading Corporation, with the Samsung Group founder Lee Byung-chull. The trading firm grew to become the present-day Samsung C&T Corporation. But after some years Cho and Lee separated due to differences in management between them. He wanted to get up to a 30% group share. After settlement, Samsung Group was separated into Samsung Group and Hyosung Group, Hankook Tire, and others.[15][16]

In the late 1960s, Samsung Group entered into the electronics industry. It formed several electronics-related divisions, such as Samsung Electronics Devices Co., Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Samsung Corning Co., and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co., and made the facility in Suwon. Its first product was a black-and-white television set.

1970 to 1990

The SPC-1000, introduced in 1982, was Samsung's first personal computer (Korean market only) and uses an audio cassette tape to load and save data – the floppy drive was optional[17]

In 1980, Samsung acquired the Gumi-based Hanguk Jeonja Tongsin and entered the telecommunications hardware industry. Its early products were switchboards. The facility were developed into the telephone and fax manufacturing systems and became the centre of Samsung's mobile phone manufacturing. They have produced over 800 million mobile phones to date.[18] The company grouped them together under Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in the 1980s.

After the founder's death in 1987, Samsung Group was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group.[19] Shinsegae (discount store, department store) was originally part of Samsung Group, separated in the 1990s from the Samsung Group along with CJ Group (Food/Chemicals/Entertainment/logisti cs) and the Hansol Group (Paper/Telecom). Today these separated groups are independent and they are not part of or connected to the Samsung Group.[20] One Hansol Group representative said, "Only people ignorant of the laws governing the business world could believe something so absurd," adding, "When Hansol separated from the Samsung Group in 1991, it severed all payment guarantees and share-holding ties with Samsung affiliates." One Hansol Group source asserted, "Hansol, Shinsegae, and CJ have been under independent management since their respective separations from the Samsung Group." One Shinsegae Department Store executive director said, "Shinsegae has no payment guarantees associated with the Samsung Group."[20]

In the 1980s, Samsung Electronics began to invest heavily in research and development, investments that were pivotal in pushing the company to the forefront of the global electronics industry. In 1982, it built a television assembly plant in Portugal; in 1984, a plant in New York; in 1985, a plant in Tokyo; in 1987, a facility in England; and another facility in Austin in 1996. As of 2012, Samsung has invested more than US$13 billion in the Austin facility, which operates under the name Samsung Austin Semiconductor LLC. This makes the Austin location the largest foreign investment in Texas and one of the largest single foreign investments in the United States.[21][22]

1990 to 2000

Samsung started to rise as an international corporation in the 1990s. Samsung's construction branch was awarded a contract to build one of the two Petronas Towers in Malaysia, Taipei 101 in Taiwan and the Burj Khalifa in United Arab Emirates.[23] In 1993, Lee Kun-hee sold off ten of Samsung Group's subsidiaries, downsized the company, and merged other operations to concentrate on three industries: electronics, engineering, and chemicals. In 1996, the Samsung Group reacquired the Sungkyunkwan University foundation.

Samsung became the largest producer of memory chips in the world in 1992, and is the world's second-largest chipmaker after Intel (see Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Market Share Ranking Year by Year).[24] In 1995, it created its first liquid-crystal display screen. Ten years later, Samsung grew to be the world's largest manufacturer of liquid-crystal display panels. Sony, which had not invested in large-size TFT-LCDs, contacted Samsung to cooperate, and, in 2006, S-LCD was established as a joint venture between Samsung and Sony in order to provide a stable supply of LCD panels for both manufacturers. S-LCD was owned by Samsung (50% plus 1 share) and Sony (50% minus 1 share) and operates its factories and facilities in Tangjung, South Korea. As on 26 December 2011 it was announced that Samsung had acquired the stake of Sony in this joint venture.[25]

Compared to other major Korean companies, Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively unharmed. However, Samsung Motor was sold to Renault at a significant loss. As of 2010[update], Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung. Additionally, Samsung manufactured a range of aircraft from the 1980s to 1990s. The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the result of merger between then three domestic major aerospace divisions of Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hyundai Space and Aircraft Company. However, Samsung still manufactures aircraft engines and gas turbines. [26]

2000 to 2012

The Samsung pavilion at Expo 2012

In 2001 Samsung Techwin became the sole supplier of a combustor module for the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 used by the Airbus A380, the world's largest passenger airliner.[27] Samsung Techwin is also a revenue-sharing participant in the Boeing's 787 Dreamliner GEnx engine program.[28]

In 2010, Samsung announced a 10-year growth strategy centred around five businesses.[29] One of these businesses was to be focused on biopharmaceuticals, to which the Company has committed ₩2.1 trillion.[30]

In December 2011, Samsung Electronics sold its hard disk drive (HDD) business to Seagate.[31]

In the first quarter of 2012, Samsung Electronics became the world's largest mobile phone maker by unit sales, overtaking Nokia, which had been the market leader since 1998.[32][33] In the August 21st edition of the Austin American-Statesman, Samsung confirmed plans to spend 3 to 4 billion dollars converting half of its Austin chip manufacturing plant to a more profitable chip.[34] The conversion should start in early 2013 with production on line by the end of 2013.

On August 24, 2012, 9 U.S jurors ruled that Samsung had to pay Apple Incorporated US$1.05 billion dollars in damages for violating six of its patents on smartphone technology. The award was still less than the US$2.5 billion dollars requested by Apple. The decision also ruled that Apple didn't violate 5 Samsung patents that were in the case[35] Samsung decried the decision saying that the move could harm innovation in the sector.[36] It also followed a South Korean ruling that said both companies were guilty of infringing on each other's intellectual property.[37] In the first trading after the ruling, Samsung shares on the Kospi index fell 7.7%, the largest fall since October 24, 2008, to 1,177,000 Korean won.[38] Apple then sought to ban the sales of eight Samsung phones (Galaxy S 4G, Galaxy S2 AT&T, Galaxy S2 Skyrocket, Galaxy S2 T-Mobile, Galaxy S2 Epic 4G, Galaxy S Showcase, Droid Charge and Galaxy Prevail) in the United States[39] which has been denied by Judge Koh.[40]

On September 4, 2012, Samsung announced it plans to examine all of its Chinese suppliers for possible violations of labor policies. The company said it will carry out audits of 250 Chinese companies that are its exclusive suppliers to see if children under the age of 16 are being used in their factories.[41]

Acquisitions and attempted acquisitions

For a company of its size Samsung has made relatively few acquisitions.[42]

Rollei – Swiss watch battle
Samsung Techwin acquired a German camera-maker Rollei on 1995. Samsung (Rollei) used its optic expertise on the crystals of a new line of 100% Swiss-made watches, designed by a team of watchmakers at Nouvelle Piquerez S.A. in Bassequort, Switzerland. Rolex's decision to fight Rollei on every front stemmed from the close resemblance between the two names and fears that its sales would suffer as a consequence. In the face of such a threat, the Geneva firm decided to confront. This was also a demonstration of the Swiss watch industry's determination to defend itself when an established brand is threatened. Rolex sees this front-line battle as vital for the entire Swiss watch industry. Rolex has succeeded in keeping Rollei out of the German market. On 11 March 1995 the Cologne District court prohibited the advertising and sale of Rollei watches on German territory.[43][44]
Fokker, a Dutch aircraft maker
Samsung lost a chance to revive its failed bid to take over Dutch aircraft maker Fokker when other airplane makers rejected its offer to form a consortium. The three proposed partners – Hyundai, Hanjin and Daewoo – have notified the South Korean government that they will not join Samsung Aerospace Industries Ltd.[45]
AST Research
Samsung bought AST (1994) and tried to break into North America, but the effort foundered. Samsung was forced to close the California-based computer maker following mass defection of research staff and a string of losses.[46]
FUBU clothing and apparel
In 1992, Daymond John had started the company with a hat collection that was made in his house in the Queens area of New York City. To fund the company, John had to mortgage his house for $100,000. With his friends, namely J. Alexander Martin, Carl Brown and Keith Perrin, half of his house was turned into the first factory of FUBU, while the other half remained as the living quarters. Along with the expansion of FUBU, Samsung invested in FUBU in 1995.[47]
Lehman Brothers Holdings’ Asian operations
Samsung Securities was one of a handful of brokerages looking into Lehman Brothers Holdings. But Nomura Holdings has reportedly waved the biggest check to win its bid for Lehman Brothers Holdings’ Asian operations, beating out Samsung Securities, Standard Chartered, and Barclays.[48] Ironically, after few months Samsung Securities Co., Ltd. and City of London-based N M Rothschild & Sons (more commonly known simply as Rothschild) have agreed to form a strategic alliance in investment banking business. Two parties will jointly work on cross border mergers and acquisition deals.[49]
MEDISON Co.,Ltd. – Ultrasound Monitors
In December 2010, Samsung Electronics Co. bought MEDISON Co.,Ltd., a South Korean medical-equipment company, the first step in a long-discussed plan to diversify from consumer electronics.[50]
Grandis Inc. – memory developer
In July 2011, Samsung announced that it had acquired spin-transfer torque random access memory (MRAM) vendor Grandis Inc.[51] Grandis will become a part of Samsung's R&D operations and will focus on development of next generation random-access memory.[52]
Samsung and Sony joint venture – LCD display
On December 26, 2011 the board of Samsung Electronics approved a plan to buy Sony's entire stake in their 2004 joint liquid crystal display (LCD) venture for 1.08 trillion won ($938.97 million).[53]
mSpot, Inc – Music Service
On May 9, 2012, mSpot announced that it had been acquired by Samsung Electronics with the intention of a cloud based music service.[54] The succeeding service was Samsung Music Hub.
NVELO, Inc. – Cache Software Developer
In December 2012, Samsung announced that it had acquired the privately held storage software vendor NVELO, Inc., based in Santa Clara, California.[55] NVELO will become part of Samsung's R&D operations, and will focus on software for intelligently managing and optimizing next-generation Samsung SSD storage subsystems for consumer and enterprise computing platforms.
NeuroLogica – Portable CT scanner
In January 2013, Samsung announced that it has acquired medical imaging company NeuroLogica, part of the multinational conglomerate’s plans to build a leading medical technology business. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.[56]

Operations

Samsung Group headquarters at Samsung Town, Seoul

Samsung comprises around 80 companies.[57] It is highly diversified, with activities in areas including construction, electronics, financial services, shipbuilding and medical services.[57]

In FY 2009, Samsung reported consolidated revenues of 220 trillion KRW ($172.5 billion). In FY 2010, Samsung reported consolidated revenues of 280 trillion KRW ($258 billion), and profits of 30 trillion KRW ($27.6 billion) (based upon a KRW-USD exchange rate of 1,084.5 KRW per USD, the spot rate as of 19 August 2011 (2011-08-19)[update]).[58] However, it should be noted that these amounts do not include the revenues from all of Samsung's subsidiaries based outside South Korea.[59]

Subsidiaries and affiliates

As of April 2011 the Samsung Group comprised 59 unlisted companies and 19 listed companies, all of which had their primary listing on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange.[60]

Principal subsidiary and affiliate companies of Samsung include:

Ace Digitech

Ace Digitech is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 036550).

Cheil Industries

Cheil Industries is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 001300).

Cheil Worldwide

Cheil Worldwide is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 030000).

Credu

Credu is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 067280).

Imarket Korea

Imarket Korea is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 122900).

Samsung Card

Samsung Card is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 029780).

Samsung C&T Corporation

Samsung C&T Corporation is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (000830).

Samsung Electro-Mechanics

Samsung Electro-Mechanics, established in 1973 as a manufacturer of key electronic components, is headquartered in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 009150).[61]

Samsung Electronics

Main article: Samsung Electronics

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a multinational electronics and information technology company headquartered in Suwon and the flagship company of the Samsung Group.[62] Its products include air conditioners, computers, digital televisions, liquid crystal displays (including thin film transistors (TFTs) and active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs)), mobile phones, monitors, printers, refrigerators, semiconductors and telecoms networking equipment.[63] It is the world's largest mobile phone maker by unit sales in the first quarter of 2012, with a global market share of 25.4%.[64] It is also the world's second-largest semiconductor maker by 2011 revenues (after Intel).[65]

Samsung Electronics is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 005930).

The headquarters of Samsung Engineering in Seoul

Samsung Engineering

Main article: Samsung Engineering

Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd. is a multinational construction company headquartered in Seoul. It was founded in January 1970. Its principal activity is the construction of oil refining plants; upstream oil and gas facilities; petrochemical plants and gas plants; steel making plants; power generation plants; water treatment facilities; and other infrastructure.[66] It achieved total revenues of 9,298.2 billion won (US$8.06 billion) in 2011.[67]

Samsung Engineering is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 028050).

Samsung Fine Chemicals

Samsung Fine Chemicals is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 004000).

Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance

Main article: Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance

Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. is a multinational general insurance company headquartered in Seoul.[68] It was founded in January 1952 as Korea Anbo Fire and Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. and was renamed Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance in December 1993.[69] Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance offers services including accident insurance, automobile insurance, casualty insurance, fire insurance, liability insurance, marine insurance, personal pensions and loans.[70] As of March 2011 it had operations in 10 countries and 6.5 million customers.[70] Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance had a total premium income of US$11.7 billion in 2011 and total assets of US$28.81 billion at 31 March 2011.[70] It is the largest provider of general insurance in South Korea.

Samsung Fire has been listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange since 1975 (number 000810).[70]

Samsung Heavy Industries

Main article: Samsung Heavy Industries

Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. is a shipbuilding and engineering company headquartered in Seoul. It was founded in August 1974. Its principal products are bulk carriers, container vessels, crude oil tankers, cruisers, passenger ferries, material handling equipment steel and bridge structures.[71] It achieved total revenues of 13,358.6 billion won in 2011 and is the world's second-largest shipbuilder by revenues (after Hyundai Heavy Industries).[72][73]

Samsung Heavy Industries is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 010140).

Samsung Life Insurance

Main article: Samsung Life Insurance

Samsung Life Insurance Co., Ltd. is a multinational life insurance company headquartered in Seoul. It was founded in March 1957 as Dongbang Life Insurance and became an affiliate of the Samsung Group in July 1963.[74] Samsung Life's principal activity is the provision of individual life insurance and annuity products and services.[75] As of December 2011 it had operations in seven countries, 8.08 million customers and 5,975 employees.[74] Samsung Life had total sales of 22,717 billion won in 2011 and total assets of 161,072 billion won at 31 December 2011.[74] It is the largest provider of life insurance in South Korea.

Samsung Life Insurance is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 032830).

Samsung Machine Tools

Samsung Machine Tools of America is a national distributor of machines in the United States.[76]

Samsung SDI

Samsung SDI is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 006400). On December 5, 2012 the antitrust regulators of European Union fined Samsung SDI and several other major companies for fixing prices of TV cathode-ray tubes in two cartels lasting nearly a decade.[77]

Samsung Securities

Samsung Securities is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 016360).

Samsung Techwin

Samsung Techwin is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 012450).

Shilla Hotels and Resorts

Shilla Hotels and Resorts is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 008770).

S1 Corporation

S1 Corporation is listed on the Korea Exchange stock-exchange (number 012750).

Joint ventures

Current

aT Grain

State-run Korea Agro-Fisheries Trade Corp. set up the venture, aT Grain Co., in Chicago, with three other South Korean companies, Korea Agro-Fisheries owns 55 percent of aT Grain, while Samsung C&T Corp, Hanjin Transportation Co. and STX Corporation. each hold 15 percent.[78]

Brooks Automation Asia

Brooks Automation Asia Co., Ltd. is a joint venture between Brooks Automation (70%) and Samsung (30%) which was established in 1999. The venture locally manufactures and configure vacuum wafer handling platforms and 300mm Front-Opening Unified Pod (FOUP) load port modules, and designs, manufactures and configures atmospheric loading systems for flat panel displays.[79]

POSCO-Samsung Slovakia Steel Processing Center

Company POSS – SLPC s.r.o. was founded in 2007 as a subsidiary of Samsung C & T Corporation, Samsung C & T Deutschland and the company POSCO.[80]

POSCO-Samsung Suzhou Steel Processing Center

[80]

Samsung Air China Life Insurance

Samsung Air China Life Insurance Co., Ltd. is a 50:50 joint venture between Samsung Life Insurance and China National Aviation Corporation. It was established in Beijing in July 2005.[81]

Samsung Bioepis

Samsung Bioepis is a joint venture between Samsung Biologics (85%) and the United States-based Biogen Idec (15%).[82]

Samsung Biologics

Samsung Electronics Co. and Samsung Everland Inc. will each own a 40 percent stake in the venture, with Samsung C&T Corp. and Durham, North Carolina-based Quintiles each holding 10 percent. It will contract-make medicines made from living cells, and Samsung Group plans to expand into producing copies of biologics including Rituxan, the leukemia and lymphoma treatment sold by Roche Holding AG and Biogen Idec Inc.[83]

Samsung BP Chemicals

Samsung BP Chemicals Co., Ltd is a 50:50 joint venture between Samsung and the United Kingdom-based BP, which was established in 1989 to produce and supply high-value-added chemical products.

Samsung Corning Precision Glass

Samsung Corning Precision Glass is a joint venture between Samsung and Corning, which was established in 1973 to manufacture and market cathode ray tube glass for black and white televisions. The company’s first LCD glass substrate manufacturing facility opened in Gumi, Korea in 1996.

Samsung Sumitomo LED Materials

Samsung Sumitomo LED Materials is a Korea-based joint venture between Samsung LED Co., Ltd., an LED maker based in Suwon, Korea-based and the Japan-based Sumitomo Chemical. The JV will carry out research and development, manufacturing, and sales of sapphire substrates for LEDs.[84]

Samsung Thales

Samsung Thales Co., Ltd. (until 2001 known as Samsung Thomson-CSF Co., Ltd.) is a joint venture between Samsung Techwin and the France-based aerospace and defence company Thales. It was established in 1978 and is based in Seoul.[85]

Samsung Total

Samsung Total is a 50:50 joint venture between Samsung and the France-based oil group Total S.A. (more specifically Samsung General Chemicals and Total Petrochemicals).

SB LiMotive

SB LiMotive is a 50:50 joint company of Robert Bosch GmbH(commonly known as Bosch) and Samsung SDI founded in June 2008. The joint venture develops and manufactures lithium-ion batteries for use in hybrid-, plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.

SD Flex

SD Flex Co., Ltd. was founded on October 2004 as a joint venture corporation by Samsung and DuPont, one of the world's largest chemical company.[86]

Sermatech Korea

Sermatech owns 51% of its stock, while Samsung owns the remaining 49%. The U.S. firm Sermatech International, for a business focusing on highly specialized aircraft construction processes such as special welding and brazing.[87]

Siam Samsung Life Insurance

Samsung Life Insurance, holds a 37% stake while Saha Group also has a 37.5% stake in the joint venture, with the remaining 25% owned by Thanachart Bank.[88]

Siltronic Samsung Wafer

Siltronic Samsung Wafer Pte. Ltd, the joint venture by Samsung and wholly owned Wacker Chemie subsidiary Siltronic, was officially opened in Singapore in June 2008.[89]

SMP

SMP Ltd. is a joint venture between Samsung Fine Chemicals and MEMC. MEMC Electronic Materials Inc. and an affiliate of Korean conglomerate Samsung are forming a joint venture to build a polysilicon plant.

Steco

Steco Co., Ltd. is established as the joint – venture company with Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd and Japan TORAY in 1995.[90]

Stemco

Stemco is a joint venture between Samsung Electro-Mechanics and the Japan-based Toray Industries which was established in 1995.[91]

Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology

Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corporation (TSST) is joint venture between Samsung Electronics and Toshiba of Japan which specialises in optical disc drive manufacturing. TSST was formed in 2004, and Toshiba owns 51% of its stock, with Samsung owns the remaining 49%.

Defunct

Alpha Processor

In 1998, Samsung created a U.S. joint venture with Compaq—called Alpha Processor Inc. (API)--to help it enter the high-end processor market. The venture was also aimed at expanding Samsung's non-memory chip business by fabricating Alpha processors. At the time, Samsung and Compaq invested $500 million in Alpha Processor.[92]

GE-Samsung Lighting

GE Samsung Lighting was a joint venture between Samsung and the GE Lighting subsidiary of General Electric. The venture was established in 1998 and was broken up in 2009. [93]

Global Steel Exchange

Global Steel Exchange was a joint venture formed in 2000 between Samsung, the United States-based Cargill, the Switzerland-based Duferco Group, and the Luxembourg-based Tradearbed (now part of the ArcelorMittal), to handle their online buying and selling of steel.[94]

S-LCD

S-LCD Corporation was a joint venture between Samsung Electronics (50% plus one share) and the Japan-based Sony Corporation (50% minus one share) which was established in April 2004. On December 26, 2011, Samsung Electronics announced that it would acquire all of Sony's shares in the venture.

Partially owned companies

Atlantico Sul

Samsung Heavy Industries currently owns 10 percent of the Brazilian shipbuilder Atlantico Sul, which operates the largest shipyard in South America. Joao Candido, the largest ship built to date in Brazil, was built by Atlantico Sul with technology supplied by Samsung Heavy Industries.[95]

DGB Financial Group

Samsung Life Insurance currently holds a 7.4% stake in the South Korean banking company DGB Financial Group, making it the largest shareholder.[96]

Doosan Engine

Samsung Heavy Industries currently holds a 14.1 percent stake in Doosan Engine, making it the second-biggest shareholder.[97]

Korea Aerospace Industries

Samsung Techwin currently holds a 10 percent stake in Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI). Other major shareholders include the state-owned Korea Finance Corporation (26.75 percent), Hyundai Motor (10 percent) and Doosan (10 percent).[98]

MEMC KOREA

MEMC's joint venture with Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd. In 1990, MEMC entered into a joint venture agreement to construct a silicon plant in Korea.[99]

Rambus Incorporated

Samsung currently owns 4.19 percent of Rambus Incorporated.[100]

Renault Samsung Motors

Samsung currently owns 19.9 percent of the automobile manufacturer Renault Samsung Motors.

Seagate Technology

Samsung currently owns 9.6 percent of Seagate Technology, making it the second-largest shareholder. Under a shareholder agreement, Samsung has the right to nominate an executive to Seagate’s Board of Directors.[101]

SungJin Geotec

Samsung Engineering holds a 10 percent stake in Sungjin Geotec, an offshore oil drilling company that is a subsidiary of POSCO.[102]

Taylor Energy

Taylor Energy is an independent American oil company that drills in the Gulf of Mexico based in New Orleans, Louisiana.[103] Samsung Oil & Gas USA Corp., subsidiaries of Samsung, currently owns 20% of Taylor Energy.

Major customers

The world's largest oil and gas project, Sakhalin II- Lunskoye platform under construction. The topside facilities of the LUN-A (Lunskoye) and PA-B (Piltun Astokhskoye) platforms are being built at the Samsung Heavy Industry shipyard in South Korea.[104]

Major customers of Samsung include:

Royal Dutch Shell
Samsung Heavy Industries will be the sole provider of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage facilities worth up to US$50 billion to Royal Dutch Shell for the next 15 years.[105][106]
Shell has unveiled plans to build the world's first floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) platform. At Samsung Heavy Industries' shipyard on Geoje Island in South Korea, work is about to start[when?] on a "ship" that, when finished and fully loaded, will weigh 600,000 tonnes – the world's biggest "ship". That is six times as much as the biggest US aircraft carrier.[107]
United Arab Emirates government
A consortium of South Korean firms – including Samsung, Korea Electric Power Corp and Hyundai – has won a deal worth 40 billion dollars to build nuclear power plants in the United Arab Emirates.[108]
Ontario government
The government of the Canadian province of Ontario signed off one of the world's largest renewable energy projects, signing a $6.6bn deal that will result in 2,500 MW of new wind and solar energy capacity being built. Under the agreement a consortium – led by Samsung and the Korea Electric Power Corporation – will manage the development of 2,000 MW-worth of new wind farms and 500 MW of solar capacity, while also building a manufacturing supply chain in the province.[109]

The Samsung Byeolpyo noodles logo, used from late 1938 until replaced in 1958. 
The Samsung Group logo, used from late 1969 until replaced in 1979 
The Samsung Group logo (“three stars”), used from late 1980 until replaced in 1992 
The Samsung Electronics logo, used from late 1980 until replaced in 1992 
Samsung's current logo, in use since 1993.[110] 

The current Samsung logo design is intended to emphasize flexibility and simplicity while conveying a dynamic and innovative image through the ellipse, the symbol of the universe and the world stage. The openings on both ends of the ellipse where the letters "S" and "G" are located are intended to illustrate the company's open-mindedness and the desire to communicate with the world. The English rendering is a visual expression of its core corporate vision, excellence in customer service through technology.

The basic color in the logo is blue, the color that the company has had used in its logos for years. The blue color symbolizes stability and reliability, which are precisely what the company wishes to accomplish with its customers. It also stands for social responsibility as a corporate citizen, a company official explained.[111]

Samsung has an audio logo, which consists of the notes E♭, A♭, D♭, E♭. The audio logo was produced by Musikvergnuegen and written by Walter Werzowa.[112][113]

Samsung Medical Center

Samsung donates around US$100 million per annum to the Samsung Medical Center, a non-profit healthcare provider founded by the group in 1994.[114] Samsung Medical Center incorporates Samsung Seoul Hospital, Kangbook Samsung Hospital, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Samsung Cancer Center and Samsung Life Sciences Research Center. Samsung Cancer Center, located in Seoul, is the largest cancer center in Asia.[115] Samsung Medical Center and the multinational pharmaceuticals company Pfizer have agreed to collaborate on research to identify the genomic mechanisms responsible for clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.[116]

Sports Sponsorships

For more details on Samsung's sports sponsorships, see Samsung Sports.

Samsung sponsors Bundesliga club Bayern Munich.[117] Samsung are the current sponsors of the English Premier League football club Chelsea Football Club. They also sponsor English Football League One clubs Swindon Town and Leyton Orient.[118]

Samsung, which started as a domestic sponsor of the Olympics in Seoul 1988, has been a worldwide Olympic partner since the 1998 Winter Olympics.[119]

Samsung operating many sports clubs, football club Suwon Samsung Bluewings, baseball club Samsung Lions, basketball club Seoul Samsung Thunders, volleyball club Daejeon Samsung Fire Bluefangs and etc.

Samsung also sponsors a former Starcraft Brood War and current Starcraft II Professional Gaming Team named Samsung Khan. Samsung has sponsored the team since 2000.

Price fixing

DRAM price cartel

Samsung was fined EUR 145,727,000 for being part of a price cartel of ten companies for DRAMs which lasted from 1 July 1998 to 15 June 2002. The company received, like most of the other members of the cartel, a 10-% reduction for acknowledging the facts to investigators. Samsung had to pay 90% of their share of the settlement, but Micron avoided payment as a result of having initially revealed the case to investigators.[120]

CRT glass price cartel

Samsung Corning Precision Materials participated in a price cartel of four companies for CRT glass which lasted from 23 February 1999 to 27 December 2004. Samsung Corning Precision Materials received full immunity and was therefore not fined as it revealed the existence of the cartel to the European Commission.[121]

Liquid crystal panel cartel

In December of 2010, the European Commission fined six LCD panel producers, including Samsung, a total of €648.925 million for operating as a cartel. The company received a full reduction of the potential fine for being the first firm to assist EU anti-trust authorities.[122]

See also

Economy of South Korea
South Korea's GDP (PPP) growth from 1911 to 2008.png
History
  • Miracle on the Han River
  • 1997 financial crisis
Companies
  • Daftar/Tabel -- companies
  • Chaebol
  • Samsung (Chaebol)
  • Hyundai (Chaebol)
  • LG (Chaebol)
  • SK (Chaebol)
Industry
  • Currency
  • Communications
  • Tourism
  • Transportation
  • Real estate
  • Financial services
  • Nuclear power
Rankings
  • Regions by GDP per capita
  • International rankings
Related topics
  • Science and technology
  • Cities

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Samsung Group Financial Performance". Samsung.com. http://www.samsung.com/hk_en/aboutsam sung/corporateprofile/ourperformance/ samsungprofile.html. Retrieved 2012-06-10.
  2. ^ Bangladesh and development: The path through the fields. The Economist (2012-11-03). Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  3. ^ Park, Kyunghee (2009-07-28). "July 29 (Bloomberg) – Samsung Heavy Shares Gain on Shell’s Platform Orders (Update1)". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pi d=newsarchive&sid=aO0FeeTB6_0Y. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  4. ^ "The Top 225 International Contractors2010". Enr.construction.com. 2010-08-25. http://enr.construction.com/toplists/ InternationalContractors/001-100.asp. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  5. ^ "Global 500 2009: Industry: - FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com". Money.cnn.com. 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2010-09-04. 
  6. ^ "The World's Best Amusement Parks". Forbes.com. 2002-03-21. Retrieved 2010-09-11. 
  7. ^ "Cheil Worldwide Inc (030000:Korea SE)". businessweek.com. 2010-09-15. http://investing.businessweek.com/res earch/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ti cker=030000:KS. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  8. ^ "Agency Family Trees 2010". Advertising Age. 2010-04-26. http://adage.com/agencyfamilytrees201 0/. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
  9. ^ "Samsung and its attractions – Asia’s new model company". The Economist. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012. 
  10. ^ "South Korea’s economy – What do you do when you reach the top?". The Economist. 12 November 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2012. 
  11. ^ Hutson, Graham; Richards, Jonathan (17 April 2008). "Samsung chairman charged with tax evasion – Times Online". The Times (London). Retrieved 28 February 2011. 
  12. ^ "한국 10대 그룹 이름과 로고의 의미". www.koreadaily.com. 2006-07-10. http://www.koreadaily.com/news/read.a sp?page=1&branch=NEWS&source= &category=economy.business&ar t_id=1042338. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
  13. ^ "History – Corporate Profile – About Samsung – Samsung". Samsung Group. Samsung Group. http://www.samsung.com/uk/aboutsamsun g/corporateprofile/history06.html. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  14. ^ Kelly Olsen (2008-04-22). "Samsung chairman resigns over scandal". Associated Press via Google News. Archived from the original on 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2008-04-22. 
  15. ^ "Industrial giant’s roots tied to nylon products". Joongangdaily.joins.com. 2009-11-09. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/articl e/view.asp?aid=2912292. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  16. ^ "효성 40년史..오너 일가 뒷얘기 '눈길'". www.chosun.com. 2007-06-19. http://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_ dir/2007/06/19/2007061900326.html. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  17. ^ "SPC-1000". old-computers.com. http://www.old-computers.com/museum/c omputer.asp?st=1&c=803. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  18. ^ (Korean) Gumisamsung.com
  19. ^ "Samsung to celebrate 100th anniversary of late founder". koreaherald.com. 2010-03-29. http://www.koreaherald.com/business/D etail.jsp?newsMLId=20100122000028. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
  20. ^ a b Hansol, Shinsegae Deny Relations with Saehan May 24, 2000. Joongangdaily
  21. ^ "Samsung invests $4B in Austin to boost chip output", Austin Business Journal, August 21, 2012, http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/blo g/morning_call/2012/08/samsung-invest s-4b-in-austin-to-boost.html, retrieved August 22, 2012
  22. ^ "Samsung Austin Semiconductor Begins $3.6B Expansion for Advanced Logic Chips". Austinchamber.com. 2010-06-09. http://www.austinchamber.com/TheChamb er/AboutTheChamber/NewsReleases/2010/ SASpressrelease.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  23. ^ "Dubai skyscraper symbol of S. Korea's global heights". CNN. October 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-19. 
  24. ^ Cho, Kevin (2009-04-24). "Samsung Says Hopes of Recovery Are ‘Premature’ as Profit Falls". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pi d=20601080&sid=a0wNfW_5OZ5s&r efer=asia. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
  25. ^ "Samsung buys Sony's entire stake in LCD joint venture". bbc.co.uk. December 26, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16 330877.
  26. ^ "Samsung Techwin to spin off camera business". reuters.com. 2008-11-06. http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/1 1/06/samsungtechwin-spinoff-idUSSEO73 4620081106. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  27. ^ "Customers, suppliers & partners". rolls-royce.com. http://www.rolls-royce.com/korea/en/a bout/customers_suppliers_partners.jsp. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  28. ^ "GEnx-1B Engine Makes its First Flight on Boeing's 787 Dreamliner". General Electric Company. http://www.geae.com/aboutgeae/pressce nter/genx/genx_20100616.html. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  29. ^ Business Wire (2011-12-06) (press release), Biogen Idec, Inc. (Massachusetts) (BIIB) Teams With Samsung Corporation on $300 Million Biosimilar Venture, BioSpace, biospace.com, http://www.biospace.com/news_story.as px?NewsEntityId=242686, retrieved 2012-01-03
  30. ^ Yang, Jun (2011-12-07), "Samsung, Biogen Idec Agree to Set Up $300 Million Venture", Bloomberg Businessweek (New York City: Bloomberg L.P.): businessweek.com, http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011 -12-07/samsung-biogen-idec-agree-to-s et-up-300-million-venture.html, retrieved 2012-01-03
  31. ^ "Seagate Completes Acquisition of Samsung’s Hard Disk Drive Business". Seagate. http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp ?locale=en-US&name=seagate-comple tes-aquisition-samsungs-hdd-business- pr&vgnextoid=b201b5c033854310VgnV CM1000001a48090aRCRD. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  32. ^ "Samsung overtakes Nokia in mobile phone shipments". BBC News. 27 April 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012. 
  33. ^ "Samsung overtakes Nokia for Cellphone Lead". http://www.isuppli.com/Mobile-and-Wir eless-Communications/News/Pages/Samsu ng-Overtakes-Nokia-for-Cellphone-Lead .aspx. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  34. ^ Kirk Ladendorf (August 21, 2012), "Analysts: Samsung's Austin upgrades will keep it near head of the pack on low-power processors", Austin American-Statesman, http://www.statesman.com/business/tec hnology/analysts-samsungs-austin-upgr ades-will-keep-it-near-2439509.html
  35. ^ Vascellaro, Jessica E.. (2012-08-25) The Wall Street Journal. Online.wsj.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  36. ^ Samsung bites back after Apple victory – Asia. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  37. ^ South Korean court rules Samsung didn’t copy Apple’s iPhone design, but both infringed patents – The Washington Post[dead link]
  38. ^ Samsung Shares Fall After Apple Wins $1 Billion Verdict. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  39. ^ Apple Seeks Ban on Sales of Eight Samsung Phones in U.S.. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  40. ^ Apple Denied Motion for Permanent Injunction. Scribd.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  41. ^ "Samsung to audit 250 of its suppliers in China amid allegations of child labor violations". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_16 2-57505672-501465/samsung-to-audit-25 0-of-its-suppliers-in-china-amid-alle gations-of-child-labor-violations/?ut m_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=t witter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+tech_talk+%28CBS+News+-+Tech+Talk%29. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  42. ^ "Samsung buys Swedish wireless chip company Nanoradio". computerworld.com. http://www.computerworld.com/s/articl e/9227658/Samsung_buys_Swedish_wirele ss_chip_company_Nanoradio. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  43. ^ "Voigtlander & Rollei non-camera items". 1997-06-09. http://web.me.com/fwstutterheim/rugar chives/1997-06/00189.html. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  44. ^ "Basel 96 Watches Take Back the Spotlight". jckonline.com. 1996-06. http://www.jckonline.com/article/2842 33-Basel_96_Watches_Take_Back_The_Spo tlight.php. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  45. ^ "Samsung Loses Attempt to Acquire Fokker". latimes.com. 1997-01-01. Retrieved 2011-02-05. 
  46. ^ "Samsung buys Dutch group in return to M&A". 1997-06-09. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/65e04374-24 b5-11e0-a919-00144feab49a.html#axzz1D 1RD7Brp. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  47. ^ "FUBU Shoes". shoeshowcase.net. http://shoeshowcase.net/fubu-shoes. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  48. ^ "Nomura Wins The Lehman Asia Stakes". forbes.com. 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
  49. ^ "Samsung-Rothschild alliance". koreatimes.co.kr. 2008-11-05. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/ biz/2010/09/124_33941.html. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  50. ^ Ramstad, Evan (14 December 2010). "Samsung Electronics Buys Ultrasound-Monitor Maker Medison - WSJ.com". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 February 2013. 
  51. ^ Dylan McGrath, EE Times. "Samsung buys MRAM developer Grandis." August 2, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  52. ^ Chris Preimesberger, eWeek. "Samsung Acquires New-Gen Memory Maker Grandis." August 2, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
  53. ^ "Samsung to buy Sony half of LCD venture". December 26, 2011. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/ea650e f6-2fac-11e1-8ad0-00144feabdc0.html.
  54. ^ Samsung Electronics Acquires Mspot | Mspot. Mspotcorporate.com (2012-05-09). Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  55. ^ Samsung Electronics Acquires NVELO. Samsung.com (2012-12-14). Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  56. ^ Samsung Buys Medical Imaging Company NeuroLogica. TechCrunch (2013-01-28). Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  57. ^ a b "Samsung Group plans record $41 billion investment in 2012". Reuters. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012. 
  58. ^ "삼성 8년전 타임캡슐 �-�어보니…지난해 매출 정확히 맞춰". news.naver.com. 2011-01-13. http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?m ode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=101& oid=003&aid=0003638728#. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
  59. ^ "한국경제 大計 기�-�이 이끈다 지난해 주요그룹 매출 보니"]. economy.hankooki.com. 2010-07-30. http://economy.hankooki.com/lpage/ind ustry/201007/e2010073015293447580.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
  60. ^ Kim Kyung-rok　 (2011-04-11). "Chaebol asset holdings swell under Lee administration". hani.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-18. 
  61. ^ "Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co – Profile". Bloomberg Businessweek. http://investing.businessweek.com/res earch/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ti cker=009150:KS. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  62. ^ "Samsung: Olympic smartphone firm aims for big global wins". The Guardian. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012. 
  63. ^ "Profile: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/business/quotes /companyProfile?symbol=005930.KS. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  64. ^ "Samsung overtakes Nokia in mobile phone shipments". BBC News. 27 April 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012. 
  65. ^ "Preliminary Worldwide Ranking of the Top 20 Suppliers of Semiconductors in 2011". IHS Isuppli. http://www.isuppli.com/PublishingImag es/Press%20Releases/2011-12-01_Market _Share_Table1.jpg. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  66. ^ "Profile: Samsung Engineering Co Ltd". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks /companyProfile?symbol=028050.KS. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  67. ^ "2011 Financial Statements". Samsung Engineering. http://www.samsungengineering.co.kr/s ervlet/download?filename=11_CEO_FS_en g2_1338887973664.pdf. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  68. ^ "Profile: Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Co Ltd". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks /companyProfile?symbol=000810.KS. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  69. ^ "Corporate Profile". Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance. http://ir.samsungfire.com/ir_eng/abou t/company/company_corporate_status_01 .html. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  70. ^ a b c d "Annual Report 2010". Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance. http://www.samsungfire.com/bbs/ir/180 0016/CN_1800016_bbs_h.jsp. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  71. ^ "Company Profile for Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/010140 :KS/profile. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  72. ^ "Separate Statements of Income Years Ended December 31, 2011 and 2010". Samsung Heavy Industries. http://shi.samsung.co.kr/Eng/common/d ownfile/2011_Income%20Statement(Eng). pdf. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  73. ^ "From bad to worse". The Korea Times. 19 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012. 
  74. ^ a b c "2011 Annual Report". Samsung Life Insurance. http://www.samsunglife.com/img/compan y/pdf/samsunglife2011_en.pdf. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  75. ^ "Company Profile for Samsung Life Insurance Co Ltd". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/032830 :KS/profile. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  76. ^ The Samsung mission. Samsungmachinetools.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  77. ^ "Philips, LG Electronics, 4 others fined 1.47 billion Euros for EU cartel". The Economic Times. 5 DEC, 2012. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/n ews/international-business/philips-lg -electronics-4-others-fined-1-47-bill ion-euros-for-eu-cartel/articleshow/1 7493208.cms. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  78. ^ "South Korea Starts Grain Venture in Chicago to Secure Supply". bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04 -29/south-korea-starts-grain-venture- in-chicago-to-secure-supply.html. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  79. ^ "Brooks Automation and Samsung Electronics Announce a Joint Venture". investor.brooks.com. http://investor.brooks.com/phoenix.zh tml?c=197950&p=irol-newsArticle&a mp;ID=840320&highlight=. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  80. ^ a b "POSCO and Subsidiaries". londonstockexchange.com. http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchang e.com/rns/6677Q_-2009-4-16.pdf. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  81. ^ "Insurance joint venture off to flying start". english.sohu.com. http://english.sohu.com/20050707/n226 220913.shtml. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  82. ^ "Biogen Idec (NASDAQ:BIIB) and Samsung JV". livetradingnews.com. http://www.livetradingnews.com/biogen -idec-nasdaqbiib-and-samsung-jv-6407. htm. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  83. ^ "Samsung Group, Quintiles Plan $266 Million Venture to Make Biologic Drugs". bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02 -25/samsung-electronics-group-to-form -266-million-biopharmaceuticals-ventu re.html. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  84. ^ "Samsung and Sumitomo Chemical to make sapphire substrates for LEDs". ledsmagazine.com. http://www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/3/ 24. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  85. ^ "Company Overview of Samsung Thales Co., Ltd.". businessweek.com. http://investing.businessweek.com/res earch/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?pri vcapId=6464442. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  86. ^ "company/introduce". sdflex.com. http://sdflex.com/company/introduce_1 .html. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  87. ^ "Samsung Aerospace, Sermatech Launch Korean JV". english.chosun.com. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/h tml_dir/1999/10/06/1999100661308.html. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  88. ^ "Siam Samsung Life ready to reawaken". bangkokpost.com. http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/e conomics/277211/siam-samsung-life-rea dy-to-reawaken. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  89. ^ "Siltronic-Samsung Joint Venture". wacker.com. http://www.wacker.com/cms/en/www_arch ive/www_2008/www_38/38_markets/38_sil tronic-samsung/38_siltronic-samsung.j sp. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  90. ^ "Completion Ceremony for EDS Production". toray.com. http://www.toray.com/aboutus/ourgroup /asia/asi_056.html. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  91. ^ "Toray/Samsung JV boosts FPD circuit substrate capacity". electroiq.com. http://www.electroiq.com/articles/sst /2008/04/toray-samsung-jv-boosts-fpd- circuit-substrate-capacity.html. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  92. ^ "Alpha's demise thwarts Samsung's processor dreams, analysts say". www.eetimes.com. http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-ne ws/4102252/Alpha-s-demise-thwarts-Sam sung-s-processor-dreams-analysts-say. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  93. ^ "LED EXPO&OLED EXPO 2011 An Interview with GE Lighting". us.aving.net. http://us.aving.net/news/view.php?art icleId=197427. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  94. ^ "Steel firms in B2B venture". money.cnn.com. http://money.cnn.com/2000/05/10/compa nies/steel_net/. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  95. ^ "Milestone launch at Brazil's Atlantico Sul". marinelog.com. http://www.marinelog.com/DOCS/NEWSMMI X/2010may00090.html. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  96. ^ "Company Analysis". rdata.youfirst.co.kr. http://rdata.youfirst.co.kr/pdf_data/ EN_HD_201102011120_00_CC11_21004683_2 0110201112012_21004849.pdf. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  97. ^ "Doosan Engine ends 33.2 pct higher on stock market debut". yonhapnews.co.kr. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/busin ess/2011/01/04/57/0503000000AEN201101 04008900320F.HTML. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  98. ^ "Korea Aerospace sale could prove need for clearer M&A guidelines". privateequitykorea.com. http://www.privateequitykorea.com/ma- news/korea-aerospace-sale-could-prove -need-for-clearer-ma-guidelines. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  99. ^ "MEMC Korea Company". memc.com. http://www.memc.com/index.php?view=Ch onan. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  100. ^ "Rambus, Inc. RMBS". morningstar.ca. http://cart.morningstar.ca/Quicktakes /owners/MajorShareholders.aspx?t=RMBS &region=USA&culture=en-US. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  101. ^ "Seagate to Buy Samsung’s Hard-Disk Unit for $1.38 Billion, Build Alliance". bloomberg.com. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04 -19/samsung-electronics-seagate-to-co mbine-computer-hard-disk-drive-busine ss.html. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  102. ^ "Posco Heavy Industries’ may be in the works". Korea JoongAng Daily. http://121.253.25.110/2012/01/31/2012 013105.pdf. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  103. ^ "Taylor Energy Sells Gulf of Mexico Assets to Two South Korean Companies". reuters.com. http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/0 2/01/idUS180521+01-Feb-2008+BW2008020 1. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  104. ^ "The Russian offshore project "Sakhalin II" is relying on Arma-Chek R". armacell.com. http://www.armacell.com/www/armacell/ INETFAQ.nsf/IDP/330E412A7D4AFD8680257 0F1003585DC. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  105. ^ "Samsung Heavy Industries". www.forbes.com. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2010-09-13. 
  106. ^ "Samsung Heavy Signs Deal with Shell to Build LNG Facilities". www.hellenicshippingnews.com. 2009-07-31. http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/i ndex.php?option=com_content&task= view&id=58404&Itemid=70. Retrieved 2010-09-13.[dead link]
  107. ^ "The gas platform that will be the world's biggest 'ship'". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-env ironment-13709293. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  108. ^ "Seoul wins 40-billion-dollar UAE nuclear power deal". www.france24.com. 2009-12-28. http://www.france24.com/en/20091227-s outh-korea-wins-40-billion-dollar-uni ted-arab-emirates-nuclear-power-deal. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  109. ^ "Korean Companies Anchor Ontario's Green Economy – January 21, 2010". www.premier.gov.on.ca. 2010-01-21. http://www.premier.gov.on.ca/news/eve nt.php?ItemID=10655. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
  110. ^ Samsung 1993. Corporatebrandmatrix.com (2007-05-19). Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  111. ^ "한국 10대 그룹 이름과 로고의 의미". Koreadaily. http://www.koreadaily.com/news/read.a sp?page=1&branch=NEWS&source= &category=economy.business&ar t_id=1042338. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
  112. ^ "Speaker". Audio Branding Academy. http://audio-branding-academy.org/aba /congress/2k09/speaker/walter-werzowa /.
  113. ^ "Logo Video". Samsung-Youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMSnn2 C3EAw. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  114. ^ "기�-�의 사회공�-� 삼성그룹, 함께 가는 `창조 경영`… 봉사도 1등"]. www.dt.co.kr. http://www.dt.co.kr/contents.html?art icle_no=2006121302011232655001. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
  115. ^ Roberts, Rob (2009-10-26). "AECOM Technology buys Ellerbe Becket". kansascity.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2010-09-19. 
  116. ^ [1][dead link]
  117. ^ German giants sign Samsung extension – news. SportsPro Media (2011-11-01). Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  118. ^ Hytner, David (2009-05-14). "Chelsea facing hunt for new shirt sponsor after Samsung stand-off". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2012. 
  119. ^ The Olympic Games and Samsung. Ajw.asahi.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-19.
  120. ^ "Antitrust: Commission fines DRAM producers € 331 million for price cartel; reaches first settlement in a cartel case". European Commission. European Commission. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesA ction.do?reference=IP/10/586. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  121. ^ "Antitrust: Commission fines producers of CRT glass € 128 million in fourth cartel network settlement". European Commission. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesA ction.do?reference=IP/11/1214&for mat=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&a mp;guiLanguage=de. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  122. ^ "Antitrust: Commission fines six LCD panel producers €648 million for price fixing cartel". European Commission. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_ IP-10-1685_en.htm.

External links

(Sebelumnya) SamnaSamsung Electronics (Berikutnya)