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Legislation (or "statutory law") is law which has been promulgated (or "enacted") by a legislature or other governing body, or the process of making it. (Another source of law is judge-made law or case law.) Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to as "legislation" while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to proscribe, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare or to restrict.
Under the Westminster system, an item of primary legislation is known as an Act of Parliament after enactment.
Legislation is usually proposed by a member of the legislature (e.g. a member of Congress or Parliament), or by the executive, whereupon it is debated by members of the legislature and is often amended before passage. Most large legislatures enact only a small fraction of the bills proposed in a given session.[1] Whether a given bill will be proposed and enter into force is generally a matter of the legislative priorities of government.
Legislation is regarded as one of the three main functions of government, which are often distinguished under the doctrine of the separation of powers. Those who have the formal power to create legislation are known as legislators; a judicial branch of government will have the formal power to interpret legislation (see statutory interpretation); the executive branch of government can act only within the powers and limits set by the law.
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The function and procedures are primarily the responsibility of the legislature. However, there are situations where legislation is made by other bodies or means, such as when constitutional law or secondary legislation is enacted. Such other forms of law-making include referendums, constitutional conventions, orders in council or regulations. The term legislation is sometimes used to include these situations, or the term primary legislation may be used to exclude these other forms.
Dead letter
The phrase "dead letter" refers to legislation that has not been revoked, but that has become inapplicable or obsolete or is no longer enforced.
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| Core subjects | - Administrative law
- Constitutional law
- Contract
- Criminal law
- Equity
- Evidence
- Law of obligations
- Procedure
- Property law
- Public international law
- Public law
- Restitution
- Statutory law
- Tort
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| Other subjects | - Admiralty law
- Agricultural law
- Aviation law
- Banking law
- Bankruptcy
- Commercial law
- Companies law
- Competition law
- Conflict of laws
- Consumer protection
- Cyberlaw
- Election law
- Energy law
- Entertainment law
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- Family law
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- Health law
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- International criminal law
- International human rights
- Labour law
- Military law
- Product liability
- Space law
- Sports law
- Tax law
- Trial advocacy
- Trust law
- Unjust enrichment
- Wills
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| Sources of law | - Constitution
- Custom
- Decree
- Delegated legislation
- Precedent
- Statute
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| Legal systems | - Canon law
- Civil law
- Common law
- Chinese law
- Jewish law
- Legal pluralism
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- Xeer
- Yassa
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| Legal theory | - Critical legal studies
- Comparative law
- Law and economics
- History
- International legal theory
- Philosophy
- Sociology
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| Legal institutions | - Bureaucracy
- Civil society
- Election commission
- Executive
- Judiciary
- Legal profession
- Legislature
- Military
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