Dinasti Tang Peta wilayah pengaruh Dinasti Tang Dinasti Tang (Hanzi: 唐朝, hanyu pinyin: Tang Chao) (618 - 907) adalah satu dari tiga dinasti yang paling berpengaruh di Cina sepanjang sejarahnya. Dinasti Tang menggantikan Dinasti Sui yang berumur pendek, didirikan oleh keluarga Li. Li Yuan (李淵) mendirikan dinasti ini pada tahun 618 dan menetapkan Chang'an sebagai ibukota dinasti ini. Di tengah masa kejayaan dinasti ini, ada masa 15 tahun di mana Kaisar Wu Zetian memaklumatkan Dinasti Zhou kedua. Kaisar Wu Zetian merupakan kaisar wanita satu-satunya di dalam sejarah kekaisaran Cina. Nama Tang sendiri berasal dari nama kuno daerah Jin (晉) yang sekarang menunjuk kepada provinsi Shanxi. Sejarah Berdirinya Dinasti TangPenghujung Dinasti Sui, Kaisar Yang yang lalim dan usaha agresi ke Koguryo gagal untuk ketiga kalinya menyebabkan pemberontakan berkobar di seluruh negeri. Tahun 617, penguasa Taiyuan (sekarang Taiyuan, Shanxi), Li Yuan melancarkan pemberontakan dan pada bulan November tahun itu pula, Li Yuan berhasil merebut ibukota Sui, Daxing. Ia kemudian mengangkat Yang You sebagai kaisar dengan gelar Kaisar Gong dari Sui dan mengangkat diri sebagai perdana menteri. Sesaat kemudian ia memaklumkan dirinya sebagai Pangeran Tang. Kaisar Yang terbunuh di Jiangdu pada bulan Maret 618. 2 bulan kemudian, Li Yuan memaksa Kaisar Gong turun tahta dan menyerahkan kekuasaan kepadanya. Li Yuan kemudian mendirikan Dinasti Tang dan mengangkat diri sebagai kaisar dengan gelar Kaisar Tang Gaozu. Ibukota Tang ditetapkan di Daxing, yang kemudian diganti namanya menjadi Chang'an. Saat iu, Kaisar Gaozu memiliki 4 putra dewasa, Li Jiancheng, Li Shimin, Li Xuanba dan Li Yuanji. Li Jiancheng sebagai anak sulung ditunjuk sebagai putra mahkota, Li Shimin diangkat sebagai Pangeran Qin, Li Xuanba mati muda sedangkan Li Yuanji digelari sebagai Pangeran Qi. Setelah berdirinya Dinasti Tang, Kaisar Gaozu memerintahkan putranya Li Jiancheng, Li Shimin dan putrinya, Putri Pingyang untuk menaklukkan Cina utara yang waktu itu masih dikuasai oleh para pemimpin pemberontak dan suku-suku barbar. Pemerintahan ZhenguanSetelah Dinasti Tang berhasil menaklukkan para pemimpin pemberontak pasca runtuhnya Sui dan suku-suku barbar di utara Cina, persaingan dan perseteruan antara Li Jiancheng dan Li Shimin mencuat ke permukaan. Pada tahun 626, pecah insiden Gerbang Xuanwu yang dimana Li Jiancheng dan Li Yuanji dibunuh oleh Li Shimin. Li Yuan kemudian turun tahta dan bertindak sebagai Taishang Huang (mantan kaisar).
Pranala Luar - The Tang Dynasty, Minnesota State University Emuseum
- The Tang Dynasty at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Home of 300 Tang Poems, University of Virginia
- Tang art with video commentary, from the Minneapolis Institute of Arts
- Paintings of Sui and Tang dynasties
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Sumber :
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