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Platform Specific

Perl version 5 on IBM AIX (UNIX) systems

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NAME

perlaix - Perl version 5 on IBM AIX (UNIX) systems

DESCRIPTION

This document describes various features of IBM's UNIX operatingsystem AIX that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl)is compiled and/or runs.

Compiling Perl 5 on AIX

For information on compilers on older versions of AIX, see Compiling Perl 5 on older AIX versions up to 4.3.3.

When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not shipan ANSI compliant C compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds ofgcc for AIX are widely available. A version of gcc is also included inthe AIX Toolbox which is shipped with AIX.

Supported Compilers

Currently all versions of IBM's "xlc", "xlc_r", "cc", "cc_r" or"vac" ANSI/C compiler will work for building Perl if that compilerworks on your system.

If you plan to link Perl to any module that requires thread-support,like DBD::Oracle, it is better to use the _r version of the compiler.This will not build a threaded Perl, but a thread-enabled Perl. Seealso Threaded Perl later on.

As of writing (2010-09) only the IBM XL C for AIX or IBM XL C/C++for AIX compiler is supported by IBM on AIX 5L/6.1/7.1.

The following compiler versions are currently supported by IBM:

  1.  IBM XL C and IBM XL C/C++ V8, V9, V10, V11
    2.

The XL C for AIX is integrated in the XL C/C++ for AIX compiler andtherefore also supported.

If you choose XL C/C++ V9 you need APAR IZ35785 installedotherwise the integrated SDBM_File do not compile correctly dueto an optimization bug. You can circumvent this problem byadding -qipa to the optimization flags (-Doptimize='-O -qipa').The PTF for APAR IZ35785 which solves this problem is availablefrom IBM (April 2009 PTF for XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition for AIX, V9.0).

If you choose XL C/C++ V11 you need the April 2010 PTF (or newer)installed otherwise you will not get a working Perl version.

Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.The former is recommended, as not only it can compile Perl with nodifficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed laterthat require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.

If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent andcomplete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specificdetails. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to thedevelopment team.

Incompatibility with AIX Toolbox lib gdbm

If the AIX Toolbox version of lib gdbm < 1.8.3-5 is installed on yoursystem then Perl will not work. This library contains the header files/opt/freeware/include/gdbm/dbm.h|ndbm.h which conflict with the AIXsystem versions. The lib gdbm will be automatically removed from thewanted libraries if the presence of one of these two header files isdetected. If you want to build Perl with GDBM support then please installat least gdbm-devel-1.8.3-5 (or higher).

Perl 5 was successfully compiled and tested on:

  1.  Perl   | AIX Level   | Compiler Level  | w th | w/o th
    2.  
  2.  -------+---------------------+-------------------------+------+-------
    3.  
  3.  5.12.2 |5.1 TL9 32 bit   | XL C/C++ V7 | OK   | OK
    4.  
  4.  5.12.2 |5.1 TL9 64 bit   | XL C/C++ V7 | OK   | OK
    5.  
  5.  5.12.2 |5.2 TL10 SP8 32 bit  | XL C/C++ V8 | OK   | OK
    6.  
  6.  5.12.2 |5.2 TL10 SP8 32 bit  | gcc 3.2.2   | OK   | OK
    7.  
  7.  5.12.2 |5.2 TL10 SP8 64 bit  | XL C/C++ V8 | OK   | OK
    8.  
  8.  5.12.2 |5.3 TL8 SP8 32 bit   | XL C/C++ V9 + IZ35785   | OK   | OK
    9.  
  9.  5.12.2 |5.3 TL8 SP8 32 bit   | gcc 4.2.4   | OK   | OK
    10.  
  10.  5.12.2 |5.3 TL8 SP8 64 bit   | XL C/C++ V9 + IZ35785   | OK   | OK
    11.  
  11.  5.12.2 |5.3 TL10 SP3 32 bit  | XL C/C++ V11 + Apr 2010 | OK   | OK
    12.  
  12.  5.12.2 |5.3 TL10 SP3 64 bit  | XL C/C++ V11 + Apr 2010 | OK   | OK
    13.  
  13.  5.12.2 |6.1 TL1 SP7 32 bit   | XL C/C++ V10 | OK   | OK
    14.  
  14.  5.12.2 |6.1 TL1 SP7 64 bit   | XL C/C++ V10 | OK   | OK
    15.  
  15.  5.13   |7.1 TL0 SP1 32 bit   | XL C/C++ V11 + Jul 2010 | OK   | OK
    16.  
  16.  5.13   |7.1 TL0 SP1 64 bit   | XL C/C++ V11 + Jul 2010 | OK   | OK
    17.  
  17.  
  18.  w th   = with thread support
    19.  
  19.  w/o th = without thread support
    20.  
  20.  OK = tested
    21.

Successfully tested means that all "make test" runs finish with aresult of 100% OK. All tests were conducted with -Duseshrplib set.

All tests were conducted on the oldest supported AIX technology levelwith the latest support package applied. If the tested AIX version isout of support (AIX 4.3.3, 5.1, 5.2) then the last available supportlevel was used.

Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX

Starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.x / 5.10.x / 5.12.x)and AIX 4.3 or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interfacein the so called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interfacethat was used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases4.2 and earlier. This change does break backward compatibility withcompiled modules from earlier Perl releases. The change was made to makePerl more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which areusing the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use ofC++ code with static constructors and destructors in Perl extensions,which was not possible using the emulated interface.

It is highly recommended to use the new interface.

Using Large Files with Perl

Should yield no problems.

Threaded Perl

Should yield no problems with AIX 5.1 / 5.2 / 5.3 / 6.1 / 7.1.

IBM uses the AIX system Perl (V5.6.0 on AIX 5.1 and V5.8.2 onAIX 5.2 / 5.3 and 6.1; V5.8.8 on AIX 5.3 TL11 and AIX 6.1 TL4; V5.10.1on AIX 7.1) for some AIX system scripts. If you switch the links in/usr/bin from the AIX system Perl (/usr/opt/perl5) to the newly buildPerl then you get the same features as with the IBM AIX system Perl ifthe threaded options are used.

The threaded Perl build works also on AIX 5.1 but the IBM Perlbuild (Perl v5.6.0) is not threaded on AIX 5.1.

Perl 5.12 an newer is not compatible with the IBM fileset perl.libext.

64-bit Perl

If your AIX system is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bitconfigurations to work. If you want to use 64-bit Perl on AIX 6.1you need an APAR for a libc.a bug which affects (n)dbm_XXX functions.The APAR number for this problem is IZ39077.

If you need more memory (larger data segment) for your Perl programs youcan set:

  1.  /etc/security/limits
    2.  
  2.  default: (or your user)
    3.  
  3.  data = -1   (default is 262144 * 512 byte)
    4.

With the default setting the size is limited to 128MB.The -1 removes this limit. If the "make test" fails please changeyour /etc/security/limits as stated above.

Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (threaded/32-bit)

With the following options you get a threaded Perl version whichpasses all make tests in threaded 32-bit mode, which is the defaultconfiguration for the Perl builds that AIX ships with.

  1.  rm config.sh
    2.  
  2.  ./Configure \
    3.  
  3.  -d \
    4.  
  4.  -Dcc=cc_r \
    5.  
  5.  -Duseshrplib \
    6.  
  6.  -Dusethreads \
    7.  
  7.  -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32
    8.

The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the IBM AIX system Perl installation.

Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (32-bit)

With the following options you get a Perl version which passes all make tests in 32-bit mode.

  1.  rm config.sh
    2.  
  2.  ./Configure \
    3.  
  3.  -d \
    4.  
  4.  -Dcc=cc_r \
    5.  
  5.  -Duseshrplib \
    6.  
  6.  -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32
    7.

The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to theIBM AIX system Perl installation.

Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (threaded/64-bit)

With the following options you get a threaded Perl version whichpasses all make tests in 64-bit mode.

  1.  export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell)
    2.  
  2.  
  3.  rm config.sh
    4.  
  4.  ./Configure \
    5.  
  5.  -d \
    6.  
  6.  -Dcc=cc_r \
    7.  
  7.  -Duseshrplib \
    8.  
  8.  -Dusethreads \
    9.  
  9.  -Duse64bitall \
    10.  
  10.  -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64
    11.

Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3/6.1 and 7.1 (64-bit)

With the following options you get a Perl version which passes allmake tests in 64-bit mode.

  1.  export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell)
    2.  
  2.  
  3.  rm config.sh
    4.  
  4.  ./Configure \
    5.  
  5.  -d \
    6.  
  6.  -Dcc=cc_r \
    7.  
  7.  -Duseshrplib \
    8.  
  8.  -Duse64bitall \
    9.  
  9.  -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64
    10.

The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to theIBM AIX system Perl installation.

If you choose gcc to compile 64-bit Perl then you need to add thefollowing option:

  1.  -Dcc='gcc -maix64'
    2.

Compiling Perl 5 on older AIX versions up to 4.3.3

Due to the fact that AIX 4.3.3 reached end-of-service in December 31,2003 this information is provided as is. The Perl versions prior toPerl 5.8.9 could be compiled on AIX up to 4.3.3 with the followingsettings (your mileage may vary):

When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not shipan ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds ofgcc for AIX are widely available.

At the moment of writing, AIX supports two different native C compilers,for which you have to pay: xlC and vac. If you decide to use eitherof these two (which is quite a lot easier than using gcc), be sure toupgrade to the latest available patch level. Currently:

  1.  xlC.C 3.1.4.10 or 3.6.6.0 or 4.0.2.2 or 5.0.2.9 or 6.0.0.3
    2.  
  2.  vac.C 4.4.0.3  or 5.0.2.6 or 6.0.0.1
    3.

note that xlC has the OS version in the name as of version 4.0.2.0, soyou will find xlC.C for AIX-5.0 as package

  1.  xlC.aix50.rte   5.0.2.0 or 6.0.0.3
    2.

subversions are not the same "latest" on all OS versions. For example,the latest xlC-5 on aix41 is 5.0.2.9, while on aix43, it is 5.0.2.7.

Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.The former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with nodifficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later thatrequire the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.

The IBM's compiler patch levels 5.0.0.0 and 5.0.1.0 have compileroptimization bugs that affect compiling perl.c and regcomp.c,respectively. If Perl's configuration detects those compiler patchlevels, optimization is turned off for the said source code files.Upgrading to at least 5.0.2.0 is recommended.

If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent andcomplete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specificdetails. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the developmentteam.

OS level

Before installing the patches to the IBM C-compiler you need to know thelevel of patching for the Operating System. IBM's command 'oslevel' willshow the base, but is not always complete (in this example oslevel shows4.3.NULL, whereas the system might run most of 4.3.THREE):

  1.  # oslevel
    2.  
  2.  4.3.0.0
    3.  
  3.  # lslpp -l | grep 'bos.rte '
    4.  
  4.  bos.rte   4.3.3.75  COMMITTED  Base Operating System Runtime
    5.  
  5.  bos.rte 4.3.2.0  COMMITTED  Base Operating System Runtime
    6.  
  6.  #
    7.

The same might happen to AIX 5.1 or other OS levels. As a side note, Perlcannot be built without bos.adt.syscalls and bos.adt.libm installed

  1.  # lslpp -l | egrep "syscalls|libm"
    2.  
  2.  bos.adt.libm  5.1.0.25  COMMITTED  Base Application Development
    3.  
  3.  bos.adt.syscalls  5.1.0.36  COMMITTED  System Calls Application
    4.  
  4.  #
    5.

Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX < 5L

AIX supports dynamically loadable objects as well as shared libraries.Shared libraries by convention end with the suffix .a, which is a bitmisleading, as an archive can contain static as well as dynamic members.For Perl dynamically loaded objects we use the .so suffix also used onmany other platforms.

Note that starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.0) and AIX 4.3or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the socalled runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that wasused in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 andearlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiledmodules from earlier Perl releases. The change was made to make Perlmore compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which areusing the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of C++code with static constructors and destructors in Perl extensions, whichwas not possible using the emulated interface.

The IBM ANSI C Compiler

All defaults for Configure can be used.

If you've chosen to use vac 4, be sure to run 4.4.0.3. Older versionswill turn up nasty later on. For vac 5 be sure to run at least 5.0.1.0,but vac 5.0.2.6 or up is highly recommended. Note that since IBM hasremoved vac 5.0.2.1 through 5.0.2.5 from the software depot, theseversions should be considered obsolete.

Here's a brief lead of how to upgrade the compiler to the latestlevel. Of course this is subject to changes. You can only upgradeversions from ftp-available updates if the first three digit groupsare the same (in where you can skip intermediate unlike the patchesin the developer snapshots of Perl), or to one version up where the"base" is available. In other words, the AIX compiler patches arecumulative.

  1.  vac.C.4.4.0.1 => vac.C.4.4.0.3  is OK (vac.C.4.4.0.2 not needed)
    2.  
  2.  xlC.C.3.1.3.3 => xlC.C.3.1.4.10 is NOT OK (xlC.C.3.1.4.0 is not available)
    3.  
  3.  
  4.  # ftp ftp.software.ibm.com
    5.  
  5.  Connected to service.boulder.ibm.com.
    6.  
  6.  : welcome message ...
    7.  
  7.  Name (ftp.software.ibm.com:merijn): anonymous
    8.  
  8.  331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
    9.  
  9.  Password:
    10.  
  10.  ... accepted login stuff
    11.  
  11.  ftp> cd /aix/fixes/v4/
    12.  
  12.  ftp> dir other other.ll
    13.  
  13.  output to local-file: other.ll? y
    14.  
  14.  200 PORT command successful.
    15.  
  15.  150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
    16.  
  16.  226 Transfer complete.
    17.  
  17.  ftp> dir xlc xlc.ll
    18.  
  18.  output to local-file: xlc.ll? y
    19.  
  19.  200 PORT command successful.
    20.  
  20.  150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
    21.  
  21.  226 Transfer complete.
    22.  
  22.  ftp> bye
    23.  
  23.  ... goodbye messages
    24.  
  24.  # ls -l *.ll
    25.  
  25.  -rw-rw-rw-   1 merijn   system 1169432 Nov  2 17:29 other.ll
    26.  
  26.  -rw-rw-rw-   1 merijn   system  29170 Nov  2 17:29 xlc.ll
    27.

On AIX 4.2 using xlC, we continue:

  1.  # lslpp -l | fgrep 'xlC.C '
    2.  
  2.    xlC.C 3.1.4.9  COMMITTED  C for AIX Compiler
    3.  
  3.    xlC.C 3.1.4.0  COMMITTED  C for AIX Compiler
    4.  
  4.  # grep 'xlC.C.3.1.4.*.bff' xlc.ll
    5.  
  5.  -rw-r--r--   1 45776101 1 6286336 Jul 22 1996  xlC.C.3.1.4.1.bff
    6.  
  6.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 6173696 Aug 24 1998  xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
    7.  
  7.  -rw-r--r--   1 45776101 1 6319104 Aug 14 1996  xlC.C.3.1.4.2.bff
    8.  
  8.  -rw-r--r--   1 45776101 1 6316032 Oct 21 1996  xlC.C.3.1.4.3.bff
    9.  
  9.  -rw-r--r--   1 45776101 1 6315008 Dec 20 1996  xlC.C.3.1.4.4.bff
    10.  
  10.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 6178816 Mar 28 1997  xlC.C.3.1.4.5.bff
    11.  
  11.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 6188032 May 22 1997  xlC.C.3.1.4.6.bff
    12.  
  12.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 6191104 Sep  5 1997  xlC.C.3.1.4.7.bff
    13.  
  13.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 6185984 Jan 13 1998  xlC.C.3.1.4.8.bff
    14.  
  14.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 6169600 May 27 1998  xlC.C.3.1.4.9.bff
    15.  
  15.  # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/xlc/xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
    16.  
  16.  #
    17.

On AIX 4.3 using vac, we continue:

  1.  # lslpp -l | grep 'vac.C '
    2.  
  2.   vac.C  5.0.2.2  COMMITTED  C for AIX Compiler
    3.  
  3.   vac.C  5.0.2.0  COMMITTED  C for AIX Compiler
    4.  
  4.  # grep 'vac.C.5.0.2.*.bff' other.ll
    5.  
  5.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 13592576 Apr 16 2001  vac.C.5.0.2.0.bff
    6.  
  6.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 14133248 Apr  9 2002  vac.C.5.0.2.3.bff
    7.  
  7.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 14173184 May 20 2002  vac.C.5.0.2.4.bff
    8.  
  8.  -rw-rw-r--   1 45776101 1 14192640 Nov 22 2002  vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
    9.  
  9.  # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/other/vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
    10.  
  10.  #
    11.

Likewise on all other OS levels. Then execute the following command, andfill in its choices

  1.  # smit install_update
    2.  
  2.   -> Install and Update from LATEST Available Software
    3.  
  3.   * INPUT device / directory for software [ vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff ]
    4.  
  4.   [ OK ]
    5.  
  5.   [ OK ]
    6.

Follow the messages ... and you're done.

If you like a more web-like approach, a good start point can behttp://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/download/downloadaz.jsp and click"C for AIX", and follow the instructions.

The usenm option

If linking miniperl

  1.  cc -o miniperl ... miniperlmain.o opmini.o perl.o ... -lm -lc ...
    2.

causes error like this

  1.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .aintl
    2.  
  2.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .copysignl
    3.  
  3.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .syscall
    4.  
  4.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .eaccess
    5.  
  5.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresuid
    6.  
  6.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresgid
    7.  
  7.  ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setproctitle
    8.  
  8.  ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information.
    9.

you could retry with

  1.  make realclean
    2.  
  2.  rm config.sh
    3.  
  3.  ./Configure -Dusenm ...
    4.

which makes Configure to use the nm tool when scanning for librarysymbols, which usually is not done in AIX.

Related to this, you probably should not use the -r option ofConfigure in AIX, because that affects of how the nm tool is used.

Using GNU's gcc for building Perl

Using gcc-3.x (tested with 3.0.4, 3.1, and 3.2) now works out of the box,as do recent gcc-2.9 builds available directly from IBM as part of theirLinux compatibility packages, available here:

  1.   http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/
    2.

Using Large Files with Perl < 5L

Should yield no problems.

Threaded Perl < 5L

Threads seem to work OK, though at the moment not all tests pass whenthreads are used in combination with 64-bit configurations.

You may get a warning when doing a threaded build:

  1.   "pp_sys.c", line 4640.39: 1506-280 (W) Function argument assignment 
    2.  
  2.   between types "unsigned char*" and "const void*" is not allowed.
    3.

The exact line number may vary, but if the warning (W) comes from a lineline this

  1.   hent = PerlSock_gethostbyaddr(addr, (Netdb_hlen_t) addrlen, addrtype);
    2.

in the "pp_ghostent" function, you may ignore it safely. The warningis caused by the reentrant variant of gethostbyaddr() having a slightlydifferent prototype than its non-reentrant variant, but the differenceis not really significant here.

64-bit Perl < 5L

If your AIX is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bitconfigurations to work. In combination with threads some tests mightstill fail.

AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics

In AIX 4.2 Perl extensions that use C++ functions that use staticsmay have problems in that the statics are not getting initialized.In newer AIX releases this has been solved by linking Perl withthe libC_r library, but unfortunately in AIX 4.2 the said libraryhas an obscure bug where the various functions related to time(such as time() and gettimeofday()) return broken values, andtherefore in AIX 4.2 Perl is not linked against the libC_r.

AUTHORS

Rainer Tammer <[email protected]>

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