Informatika Komputer    
   
Daftar Isi ☛
(Sebelumnya) List of copyright case lawList of cryptographic file systems (Berikutnya)

Daftar/Tabel -- countries' copyright lengths

Worldwide map of copyright term length

This is a list of countries and their copyright terms, the lengths of their standard copyrights, in years. When a work's copyright term ends, the work passes into the public domain.

The list also includes entries for non-country entities: the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death.

Contents

Legend

  • ibid. = ibidem, "in the same place"
  • 0, no copyright = not copyrighted
  • Life + xx years = copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
  • xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
  • Until year end = copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. December 31
  • Berne = has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column

Table

Countries, areas, and entitiesCopyright terms based on authors' deathsCopyright terms based on publication and creation datesUntil year end?
Afghanistan AfghanistanLife + 50 years[1]50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[1]


50 years from publication (Published after authors' deaths)[1]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[1]
50 years from publication (photographic,painting works)[1]
50 years from creation (phonogram)[1]

Yes (Afghan calendar)[1]
 AlbaniaLife + 70 years[2]70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[3]


70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[4]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[5]

Yes[6]
 AlgeriaLife + 50 years (except posthumous work)[7]50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[8]


50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[9]

Yes[10]
 AndorraLife + 70 years[11][12]70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[13]


70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[14]

Yes[15]
 AngolaLife + 50 years[16]


Life + 25 years (photographic works or applied arts)[16]

 Yes[16]
 AnguillaLife + 50 years[17]50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.[17] 
 Antigua and BarbudaLife + 50 years[18][19]50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[20]


50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[21]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[22]

Yes[23]
Argentina ArgentinaLife + 70 years[24]50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[25] Photographies: 20 years from first publication.[26] Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).[27]Yes[28]
 ArmeniaLife + 70 years [29]70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[30]Yes[30]
 ArubaLife + 50 years[31](wikisource)  
Australia Australia (including external territories)Life + 70 years[32]


[Life + 50 years (death before 1955)][33]

70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[34]


50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[35]
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[36]
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][33]

Yes[37]
 AustriaLife + 70 years[38][39]70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[40]Yes[41]
Azerbaijan AzerbaijanLife + 50 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[42]50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[43]Yes[44]
 BahamasBerne  
 BahrainLife + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[45]50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[46]


40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is earlier (computer software)[47]

 
 BangladeshLife + 50 years  
 BarbadosLife + 50 years[48][49]50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[50]


50 years from making (computer-generated work)[51]
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[52]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[53]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[22]

Yes[54]
 BelarusLife + 50 years[55]50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[56]


50 years from fixation (performance)[57]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[58]
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[59]

Yes[60]
 BelgiumLife + 70 years[61]  
 BelizeLife + 50 years[62]  
 BeninLife + 50 years  
 BermudaLife + 50 years[63]  
Berne Convention signatoriesLife + 50 years[64]


Signatories may grant longer terms.[65]

50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[66]


50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[67]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[68]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[65]

Yes[69]
 BhutanLife + 50 years[70]  
 BoliviaLife + 50 years[71]  
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaLife + 70 years[72]  
 BotswanaBerne, TRIPS, WCT[73]  
 BrazilLife + 70 years[74]  
 British Indian Ocean Territoryunknown  
 British Virgin Islandsunknown  
 BruneiLife + 50 years[75]  
 BulgariaLife + 70 years (EU)[76]  
 Burkina FasoLife + 70 years[77]  
 BurundiLife + 50 years

[78]

50 years from publication (phonograms)[78] 
 CambodiaLife + 50 years[79]  
 CameroonLife + 50 years[80]  
 CanadaLife + 50 years[81][82]For anonymous works, 50 years from publication or 75 years from creation, whichever is shorter.[81]Yes [81] 
 Cape VerdeLife + 50 years[4]  
 Cayman Islandsunknown  
 Central African RepublicBerne, TRIPS  
 ChadBerne, TRIPS  
Chile ChileLife + 70 years[83]  
China China, People's Republic of (Mainland only)Life + 50 years (citizens' works)[84]50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[85]Yes[6]
 ColombiaLife + 80 years[86]80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[30]Yes[87]
 ComorosBerne  
 Congo, Democratic Republic of theBerne, TRIPS  
 Congo, Republic of theBerne, TRIPS  
 Costa RicaLife + 70 years[88]  
 Côte d'IvoireLife + 99 years (except posthumous works published within this period)[89]99 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[90]Yes[91]
 CroatiaLife + 70 years[92]  
 CubaLife + 50 years  
 CuraçaoLife + 50 years[93]  
 CyprusLife + 50 years
(EU, WCT)[94]		  
 Czech RepublicLife + 70 years[95]70 years from publication (anonymous works)[96]Yes[97]
 DenmarkLife + 70 years[98]  
 DjiboutiLife + 25 years (Berne, TRIPS)[99]25 years from publication or if unpublished 25 years from completion (film)[100]


25 years from completion (a photographic work or a work of applied art)[101]

Yes[102]
 DominicaLife + 70 years[103]  
 Dominican RepublicLife + 50 years[104]  
 EcuadorLife + 70 years[105]  
Egypt EgyptLife + 50 years[106]  
 El SalvadorLife + 50 years[107]  
 Equatorial GuineaBerne  
 Eritreathe latter of Life + 0 years or 50 years since publication[108]  
 EstoniaLife + 70 years (EU)[109]70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[110]Yes[111]
 EthiopiaLife + 50 years[112]  
 European Union MembersLife + 70 years[113]70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (anonymous works)[114]Yes[115]
 FijiLife + 50 years[116]  
 FinlandLife + 70 years[117]50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[118]

50 years from creation (photographic works)[119]

Yes[120]
France FranceLife + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)[121][122]


The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[123]


+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[124]
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[125]
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service[126]

70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[127]


25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[128]

Yes[129]
 GabonBerne, TRIPS, WCT  
 GambiaLife + 50 years[130]  
 GeorgiaLife + 70 years[131]  
Germany GermanyLife + 70 years[132]25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication[133]Yes[134]
 GhanaLife + 70 years[135]  
Greece GreeceLife + 70 years[136][137]70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[138]Yes[139]
 GrenadaBerne, TRIPS[140]  
 GuatemalaLife + 75 years[141]75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[142]Yes[143]
 GuineaTRIPS, WCT  
 Guinea-BissauBerne, TRIPS  
 GuyanaLife + 50 years[144]  
 HaitiBerne, TRIPS[145]  
 HondurasLife + 75 years[146]70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[147]Yes[147]
Hong Kong Hong Kong[148]Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[149]


Life + 50 years (films)[150]

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[151]


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[152]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[153]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[154]

Yes[155]
 HungaryLife + 70 years[156]  
 IcelandLife + 70 years[157]  
India India[158]Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)[159][160]60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[161]Yes[162]
 IndonesiaLife + 50 years[163]  
 IranLife + 50 years[164]30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[165] 
 IraqLife + 50 years[166]  
Republic of Ireland IrelandLife + 70 years[167]  
 IsraelLife + 70 years[168]50 years from publication (photographs created till May 2007)[169]Yes[170]
 ItalyLife + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][171]		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[172]


20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)

Yes[173]
 JamaicaLife + 50 years[174]  
Japan JapanLife + 50 years[175]70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[176]


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[177]

Yes[178]
Jordan JordanLife + 50 years[179]  
 KazakhstanLife + 50 years[180]  
 KenyaLife + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[181]50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[182]Yes[183]
 KiribatiLife + 50 years[130]  
 Korea, Democratic People's Republic ofLife + 50 years (Berne)[184]Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication[184] 
 Korea, Republic ofLife + 50 years[185]50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (organizational works)[186]Yes[187]
 KuwaitTRIPS[188]  
 KyrgyzstanLife + 50 years[189]  
 LaosLife + 50 years.[190]50 years. 
 LatviaLife + 70 years[191]
[Life + 50 years][192]		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[193]Yes[186]
 LebanonLife + 50 years[194]  
 LesothoLife + 50 years[130]  
 Liberiaunknown  
 LibyaLife + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)  
 LiechtensteinLife + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][195]		  
 LithuaniaLife + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][196]		  
 LuxembourgLife + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][197]		  
 Macau(b)Life + 50 years[198]50 years from publication (anonymous works)[199]


50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[200]
25 years from completion (works of applied art and photographic works)[201]

Yes[202]
 MacedoniaLife + 70 years[203]  
 MadagascarLife + 70 years[204]  
 MalawiLife + 50 years[205]  
Malaysia MalaysiaLife + 50 years[206]  
 MaldivesLife + 50 years from death.  
 MaliLife + 50 years[207]  
 MaltaLife + 70 years[208]  
 Marshall Islands0, no copyright. Copyright legislation is not known to exist.[209]0, no copyright. 
 MauritaniaBerne, TRIPS  
 MauritiusLife + 50 years[210]  
 MexicoLife + 100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[211]


[Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)][212]
[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)][213]

  
MicronesiaLife + 50 years[214]  
 MoldovaLife + 50 years[215]  
 MonacoWCT  
 MongoliaLife + 50 years[216]  
 Montenegro[217]Life + 70 years[218]  
 MoroccoLife + 50 years[219]  
 MozambiqueLife + 70 years[220]  
 MyanmarTRIPS  
 NamibiaLife + 50 years (except posthumous works)[221]50 years from publication (posthumous works)[222]


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[223]

Yes[224]
 Nauruunknown  
 NepalLife + 50 years25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)[225] 
Netherlands NetherlandsLife + 70 years[226]70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[227] 
 Caribbean NetherlandsLife + 50 years[228]  
New Zealand New ZealandLife + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[229]50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[230]Yes[231]
 NicaraguaLife + 70 years[232]  
 NigerLife + 50 years[233]  
 NigeriaLife + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[234]70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)


50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from creation (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[234]

Yes[234]
 NorwayLife + 70 years[235] Yes [235]
Oman OmanLife + 70 years[236]90 years from the year following the publication

120 years from the year following the completion [237]

Yes
Pakistan PakistanLife + 50 years[238] Yes[238]
 PalauLife + 50 years[239]  
 PanamaLife + 50 years[240]  
 Papua New GuineaLife + 50 years[241]  
 ParaguayLife + 70 years[242]  
 PeruLife + 70 years[243]  
Philippines PhilippinesLife + 50 years[244]50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation[245]Yes[246]
Poland PolandLife + 70 years[247]  
 PortugalLife + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][248]		  
 QatarLife + 50 years[249]  
 RomaniaLife + 70 years[250]  
 RussiaLife + 70 years[251]

Rehabilitation + 70 years (for repressed and rehabilitated)

Life + 74 years (for those taking part or working during the war of 1941–1945)

Life + 50 years (death before 1943)[252]		70 years from publication date for non-amateur cinematographic works published before 1993.

All copyrights prior to October Revolution (7-th November 1917) are believed to be expired...		 
 RwandaBerne, TRIPS  
 St. Kitts and NevisLife + 50 years[130]  
 St. LuciaLife + 50 years[253]  
 St. Vincent and the GrenadinesLife + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[254]75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[255]


50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[256]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[257]

Yes[258]
 SamoaLife + 75 years[259]  
 San MarinoLife + 50 years[260]  
 São Tomé and Príncipeunknown  
 Saudi ArabiaLife + 50 years[261]  
 SenegalLife + 70 years[262]  
Serbia Serbia[263]Life + 70 years[218]  
 SeychellesLife + 25 years[264]25 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[265]


25 years from creation (sound recording)[266]

Yes[255]
 Singapore[267]Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)[268][269]70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[270]


70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[271]
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[272]
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[273]

Yes[274]
 Sint MaartenLife + 50 years[93]  
 SlovakiaLife + 70 years[275]  
 SloveniaLife + 70 years[276]  
 Solomon IslandsLife + 50 years[277]  
 Somaliaunknown  
South Africa South AfricaLife + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[278]50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)[223]


50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[279]

Yes[224]
Spain SpainLife + 70 years
[Life + 80 years(1879–1987), Life + 60 years(1987–1994)][280]		 Yes[281]
 Sri LankaLife + 70 years[282]70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work) [282]
25 years from publication (applied art)[282]		Yes[282]
 SudanLife + 50 years[283]25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[284] 
 SurinameBerne, TRIPS  
 SwazilandLife + 50 years[285]  
 SwedenLife + 70 years[286] Yes[286]
Switzerland SwitzerlandLife + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs[287]


[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][288]

50 years after performance (performers' rights)[289]Yes[290]
 SyriaLife + 50 years[291]10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[292] 
 TaiwanLife + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[293]50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[290]


50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[294]
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[295]

Yes[296]
Tajikistan TajikistanBerne  
 TanzaniaLife + 50 years[297]  
Thailand ThailandLife + 50 years[298]50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation 
 Timor LesteLife + 50 years[163]  
 TogoLife + 50 years[299]  
 TongaLife + 50 years[300]  
 Trinidad and TobagoLife + 50 years[301]  
 TunisiaLife + 50 years[302]  
Turkey TurkeyLife + 70 years[303]  
 TurkmenistanLife + 50 years[304]  
 TuvaluLife + 50 years[130]  
 UgandaTRIPS  
 UkraineLife + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][305]		  
 United Arab EmiratesLife + 50 years[306]  
United Kingdom United KingdomLife + 70 years[307]50 years after release; if not released, 50 years after making (sound recordings).

EU Directive 2011/77/EU, extending this period to 70 years from 1 November 2013, has been adopted but not yet ratified by Parliament. Phonograms already out of copyright in 2013 will not be retroactively protected.[308][309][310]

Yes[311]
United States United States[312]Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[313]95 years from publication or 120 years from creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[314]


95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1923–1963 (Copyrights prior to 1923 have expired.)[315]

Yes[316]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum termsLife + 25 years (general works)[317]25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[318]


10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[319]

 
 UruguayLife + 50 years[320]  
 UzbekistanLife + 50 years[321]  
 Vanuatuunknown  
 Vatican CityLife + 70 years[322]  
 VenezuelaLife + 60 years[323]60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[30]


60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[172]

Yes[324]
 VietnamBerne  
 YemenLife + 30 years  
 ZambiaLife + 50 years[325]  
 ZimbabweLife + 50 years[326][327]50 years from publication (photographs)[328]


50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[329]
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[330]

Yes[331]

Table notes

Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:

  • a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
  • a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
  • a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.

See also

  • Official text copyright
  • Rule of the shorter term
  • Moral rights
  • CERLALC, an intergovernmental organization promotes the development of book publishing and copyright issues in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Copyright law of Afghanistan-22/07/2008
  2. ^ Art. 17, Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995
  3. ^ Art. 18,, ibid.
  4. ^ a b Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990
  5. ^ Art. 20, ibid.
  6. ^ a b Art. 21, ibid.
  7. ^ Art. 54, Ordonnance n° 03-05 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux droits d’auteur et aux droits voisins[dead link]
  8. ^ Arts. 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
  9. ^ Art. 59, ibid.
  10. ^ Arts. 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
  11. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
  12. ^ Art. 18(1), (4), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999
  13. ^ Art. 18(3), ibid.
  14. ^ Art. 18(5), ibid.
  15. ^ Art. 18(8), ibid.
  16. ^ a b c Art. 20(1), Copyright Law n° 4/90, March 1990 (PDF).
  17. ^ a b "IP laws revised – Anguilla". Iprfirm.com. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  18. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
  19. ^ s. 10(1), Copyright Act, 2002
  20. ^ s. 10(2), (4), 11(1), ibid.
  21. ^ s. 12(1), ibid.
  22. ^ a b s. 13, ibid.
  23. ^ s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13, ibid.
  24. ^ Art. 5, Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997
  25. ^ Art. 8, ibid.
  26. ^ Art. 34 ibid., as amended by Law 25006 B.O. 13/8/1998.
  27. ^ Ibid.
  28. ^ Art. 5, ibid.
  29. ^ Art. 37 Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 15 June 2006
  30. ^ a b c d Art. 37, ibid.
  31. ^ "Guide to Doing Business, Aruba". LexMundi.com. p. 13.
  32. ^ s. 33, Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)
  33. ^ a b Information Sheets G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council
  34. ^ s. 93, 94, Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)
  35. ^ s. 95, ibid.
  36. ^ s. 96, ibid.
  37. ^ All previous Australian references
  38. ^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
  39. ^ § 60, 62, Urheberrechtsgesetz;
    § 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 1972-12-16)
  40. ^ § 61, Urheberrechtsgesetz
  41. ^ § 64, ibid.
  42. ^ Art. 25(1), (2), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996
  43. ^ Arts. 25(2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
  44. ^ Art. 25(1), (2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
  45. ^ Art. 31(1), Legislative Decree no. 10 of 1993
  46. ^ Art. 31(2)(a), (b), (c), (d), ibid.
  47. ^ Art. 31(3), ibid.
  48. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
  49. ^ s. 10(1), Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4
  50. ^ s. 10(3), ibid.
  51. ^ s. 10(4), ibid.
  52. ^ s. 11, ibid.
  53. ^ s. 12, ibid.
  54. ^ s. 10, 11, 12, 13, ibid.
  55. ^ Art. 22(1), Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
  56. ^ Art. 22(2), ibid.
  57. ^ Art. 38(1), ibid.
  58. ^ Art. 38(2), ibid.
  59. ^ Art. 38(3), ibid.
  60. ^ Arts. 22(4), 38(4), ibid.
  61. ^ Wet betreffende het auteursrecht en de naburige rechten van 30 juni 1994. (Hoofdstuk 1, afdeling 1, Art. 2)/Loi relative au droit d’auteur et aux droits voisins du 30 juin 1994 (capitre 1, section 1, article 2).
  62. ^ s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252
  63. ^ How long does copyright last? from Bermuda Government website.
  64. ^ Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
  65. ^ a b Art. 7(6), ibid.
  66. ^ Art. 7(2), ibid.
  67. ^ Art. 7(3), ibid.
  68. ^ Art. 7(4), ibid.
  69. ^ Art. 7(5), ibid.
  70. ^ s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001
  71. ^ Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992
  72. ^ Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)
  73. ^ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000
  74. ^ Art. 41, Law no 9610 of 19 February 1998
  75. ^ s. 14, Emergency (Copyright) Order 1999
  76. ^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007
  77. ^ Art. 34, Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique
  78. ^ a b ACT No. 1/021 of December 30, 2005, On the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Burundi". WIPO.int.
  79. ^ Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003
  80. ^ Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000
  81. ^ a b c s. 6, Copyright Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-42);
    s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24
  82. ^ Cory Doctorow (2012) Canadians: tell Parliament to preserve Canada's public domain! at Boing Boing, 6/1/2012
  83. ^ Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003)
  84. ^ Art. 21, first paragraph, Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China
  85. ^ Art. 21, second and third paragraphs, ibid.
  86. ^ Art. 21, Ley 23 de 1982
  87. ^ Art. 28, ibid.
  88. ^ Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos modified by the Ley 7979 del 6 del enero del 2000
  89. ^ Art. 45(1), Loi no. 96-564 du 25 juillet 1996
  90. ^ Art. 45(3)(a), (b), (c), ibid.
  91. ^ Art. 45, ibid.
  92. ^ Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act 197/2003
  93. ^ a b Copy right directive 1913 (Netherlands Antilles), last amended 1 March 2004.
  94. ^ s. 4, Copyright Law 1976
  95. ^ Art. 27(1), Law No. 121/2000 Coll.
  96. ^ Art. 27(3), Law No. 121/2000 Coll.
  97. ^ Art. 27(7), ibid.
  98. ^ s. 63, Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006
  99. ^ Art. 59, Loi n°114/AN/96/3e L relatif à la protection du droit d'auteur
  100. ^ Art. 62, ibid.
  101. ^ Art. 63, ibid.
  102. ^ Art. 65, ibid.
  103. ^ s. 11, Copyright Act 2003
  104. ^ Art. 21, Ley sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de julio de 2000
  105. ^ Art. 80, Ley No 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)
  106. ^ Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
  107. ^ Art. 86, Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993
  108. ^ Art. 1653, 1670, Eritrean Civil Code
  109. ^ § 38(1), Edition of the Copyright Act effective since 01.01.2009 (Estonian); First enacted on 11.11.1992
  110. ^ § 40, ibid.
  111. ^ § 43, ibid.
  112. ^ Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December 2004; see also [1]
  113. ^ Art. 1 (1), Directive 2006/116/EC
  114. ^ Art. 1 (3), (6), ibid.
  115. ^ Art. 8 (1), ibid.
  116. ^ "Copyright Act 1999". Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  117. ^ Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995
  118. ^ Arts. 46, 48, Copyright, Act, 08/07/1961
  119. ^ Art. 49a, ibid.
  120. ^ Art. 43, ibid.
  121. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
  122. ^ Arts. L123-1, L123-2, Code de la propriété intellectuelle
  123. ^ Judgement No. 280 of February 27, 2007 Court of Cassation – First Civil Chamber 04-12138
  124. ^ Art. L123-8, ibid.
  125. ^ Art. L123-9, ibid.
  126. ^ Art. L123-10, ibid.
  127. ^ Art. L123-3, ibid.
  128. ^ Art. L123-4, ibid.
  129. ^ Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, ibid., but not Arts. L123-8 or, L123-9,
  130. ^ a b c d e Copyright Act 1956 (p)
  131. ^ Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999
  132. ^ § 64 Urheberrechtsgesetz [2], as amended by the Law of 17 December 2008
  133. ^ § 71 Urheberrechtsgesetz
  134. ^ § 69 Urheberrechtsgesetz
  135. ^ Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005
  136. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
  137. ^ Arts. 29, 31(3), Law 2121/1993
  138. ^ Art. 31(1), ibid.
  139. ^ Arts. 29, 31, ibid.
  140. ^ Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989
  141. ^ Art. 43, Decreto No. 33-98, as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000
  142. ^ Arts. 44, 45, 47, ibid.
  143. ^ Art. 48, ibid.
  144. ^ Copyright Act 1956
  145. ^ Decree of January 9, 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works
  146. ^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
  147. ^ a b "Art. 30, Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y Estados Unidos". Cerlalc.org. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  148. ^ The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
  149. ^ "s. 17(2), Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)". Legislation.gov.hk. 1997-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  150. ^ s. 19, ibid. Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
  151. ^ s. 17(3), ibid.
  152. ^ "s. 18, ''ibid.''". Legislation.gov.hk. 1997-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  153. ^ s. 20, ibid.
  154. ^ s. 21, ibid.
  155. ^ s. 17, 18, 20, 21, ibid.
  156. ^ Art. 31, Act No. LXXVI of 1999[dead link]
  157. ^ Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996
  158. ^ See also Copyright in India.
  159. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
  160. ^ s. 22, Copyright Act, 1957
  161. ^ s. 24, s. 25, s. 26, s. 27, s. 28A, s. 29, ibid.
  162. ^ s. 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28A, 29, ibid.
  163. ^ a b Art. 29, Law No. 19 of 2002
  164. ^ Reformation of article 12 (August 22, 2010) Copyright Law of 12 January 1970
  165. ^ Art. 16, ibid.
  166. ^ s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83
  167. ^ s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000
  168. ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924
  169. ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 21, Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 16/12/1911
  170. ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(3), Copyright Ordinance 1924
  171. ^ Art. 25, Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941, as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996
  172. ^ a b Art. 27, ibid.
  173. ^ s. 25, s. 32ter, ibid.
  174. ^ s. 10, Copyright Act 1993
  175. ^ Art. 51(2), Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970, as amended in 2006
  176. ^ Art. 54(1), ibid.
  177. ^ Art. 53(1), ibid.
  178. ^ Art. 57, ibid.
  179. ^ Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992, as amended
  180. ^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996
  181. ^ s. 23(2)1, Copyright Act, 2001
  182. ^ s. 23(2), ibid.
  183. ^ s. 23, ibid.
  184. ^ a b Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, discussed at: Paul Karl Lukacs (3 August 2007). "Everything You’ve Ever Wanted To Know About the North Korean Copyright Act". The Nomad Lawyer. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 
  185. ^ Art. 36, Copyright Act of 30 December 1989
  186. ^ a b Art. 38, ibid.
  187. ^ Art. 40, ibid.
  188. ^ | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights
  189. ^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997
  190. ^ Section 93, "Lao People's Democratic Republic Intellectual Property Laws") (PDF).
  191. ^ Art. 36, Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
  192. ^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993
  193. ^ Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
  194. ^ Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)
  195. ^ Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999
    [Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928
  196. ^ Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003)
    [Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994)
  197. ^ Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001
    [Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972]
  198. ^ Art. 21(1), Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999
  199. ^ Art. 23, ibid.
  200. ^ Art. 106, ibid.
  201. ^ Arts. 148 & 155, ibid.
  202. ^ Art. 21(3), ibid.
  203. ^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 as amended
  204. ^ Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propriété littéraire et artistique
  205. ^ s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989
  206. ^ s. 17, Copyright Act 1987
  207. ^ Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM
  208. ^ s. 4(2), Copyright Act, 2000
  209. ^ UNESCO Culture Sector
  210. ^ s. 12, Copyright Act 1997
  211. ^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (2003)
  212. ^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)
  213. ^ Art. 9, Decreto que reforma, adiciona y deroga disposiciones de diversas leyes relacionadas con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, and the fourth transitional provision of the same, making the change from 50 pma to 75 pma non-retroactive.
  214. ^ § 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35
  215. ^ Art. 17, Law No. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994
  216. ^ Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993
  217. ^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
  218. ^ a b Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
  219. ^ Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d’auteur et droits voisins
  220. ^ Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001
  221. ^ s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997
  222. ^ s. 3(2)(a), ibid.
  223. ^ a b s. 3(2)(b), ibid.
  224. ^ a b s. 3, ibid.
  225. ^ "The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)". Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Culture. Retrieved 25 April 2011. 
  226. ^ Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995
  227. ^ Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995
  228. ^ "Copy right law BES 2010" (in (Dutch)). Wetten.overheid.nl. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  229. ^ s. 22(1), Copyright Act 1994
  230. ^ s. 22(2), ibid.
  231. ^ s. 22, ibid.
  232. ^ Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)
  233. ^ Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
  234. ^ a b c Schedule I, Copyright Act (Cap. 68) 1990
  235. ^ a b s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961[dead link]
  236. ^ "Articles 26 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved 23 August 2012. 
  237. ^ "Articles 26-30 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved 23 August 2012. 
  238. ^ a b s. 18, Copyright Ordinance 1962, as amended to year 2000
  239. ^ s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003
  240. ^ Art. 42, Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994
  241. ^ s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000
  242. ^ Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
  243. ^ Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996
  244. ^ s. 213.1, Intellectual Property Code
  245. ^ s. 213.5, ibid.
  246. ^ s. 214, ibid.
  247. ^ Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000
  248. ^ Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights, as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997
  249. ^ s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002
  250. ^ Art. 27, Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996
  251. ^ "Article 1281 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  252. ^ Article 6 of Federal Law 231
  253. ^ s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995
  254. ^ "Copyright Act, 2003". Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  255. ^ a b s. 9(1), ibid.
  256. ^ s. 8(4), ibid.
  257. ^ s. 10(1), ibid.
  258. ^ s. 8, 9, 10, ibid.
  259. ^ WIPO (2012-04-02). "Copyright Act 1998". Wipo.int. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  260. ^ Art. 36, Legge n. 8 del 25 gennaio 1991
  261. ^ "Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  262. ^ "Loi 2008-09 du 25-01-2008 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-26. 
  263. ^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930
  264. ^ s. 9(1)(i), Copyright Act, revised edition 1991
  265. ^ s. 9(1)(ii), (v), ibid.
  266. ^ s. 9(1)(iv), ibid.
  267. ^ See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore.
  268. ^ Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
  269. ^ s. 28(2), Copyright Act
  270. ^ s. 28(3), (6), ibid.
  271. ^ s. 92, 93, ibid.
  272. ^ s. 94, 95, ibid.
  273. ^ s. 96, ibid.
  274. ^ s. 28, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, ibid.
  275. ^ § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003
  276. ^ Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995
  277. ^ s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138)
  278. ^ s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act, 1978
  279. ^ s. 3(2)(c), (d), (e), (f), ibid.
  280. ^ Art. 26
  281. ^ Art. 30, ibid.
  282. ^ a b c d "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACT, No. 36 OF 2003". PARLIAMENT OF SRI LANKA. Retrieved 30 January 2013. 
  283. ^ s. 13(2), Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996
  284. ^ s. 13(3)(a), (c), ibid.
  285. ^ Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
  286. ^ a b Art. 43, Act 1960:729, as modified by Act 1995:1273
  287. ^ Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur par. 2
  288. ^ Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M., M.A. "BGE 124 III 266". Servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  289. ^ Art. 39, Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur
  290. ^ a b Art. 32, ibid.
  291. ^ Art. 22, Law No. 12/2001
  292. ^ Art. 25, ibid.
  293. ^ Art. 30, Copyright Act
  294. ^ Arts. 33, 34, ibid.
  295. ^ Art. 30, ibid.
  296. ^ Art. 35, ibid.
  297. ^ s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999
  298. ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
  299. ^ Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins
  300. ^ s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)
  301. ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997
  302. ^ Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36
  303. ^ Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951
  304. ^ Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan
  305. ^ Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004
  306. ^ s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002
  307. ^ s. 12, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995
  308. ^ "British music industry hails extension of copyright term, 12 September 2011". BPI.co.uk.
  309. ^ Stanley, Bob (September 15, 2011). "Copyright extension: good for Cliff and the Beatles, bad for the little guys?". Guardian News & Media. Retrieved August 31, 2012. 
  310. ^ Phillips, Jeremy (October 11, 2012). "Copyright term extension: here's the new Directive". The 1709 Blog. Retrieved August 31, 2012. 
  311. ^ s. 12, 13, ibid.
  312. ^ See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States by Peter B. Hirtle.
  313. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(a)
  314. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(c)
  315. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 304
  316. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 305
  317. ^ Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
  318. ^ Article IV 2(a), ibid.
  319. ^ Article IV 3, ibid.
  320. ^ Art. 14, Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937
  321. ^ Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996
  322. ^ "N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore". Retrieved 2012-06-08. 
  323. ^ Art. 25, Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993
  324. ^ Arts. 25, 26, 27, ibid.
  325. ^ s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994
  326. ^ Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
  327. ^ s. 5(3), 6(3)(a), Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1)
  328. ^ s. 6(3)(b), ibid.
  329. ^ s. 16(2), ibid.
  330. ^ s. 17(2), s. 18(2), ibid.
  331. ^ s. 6, 16, 17, 18, ibid.

External links

(Sebelumnya) List of copyright case lawList of cryptographic file systems (Berikutnya)