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World Intellectual Property Organization


World Intellectual Property Organization
Org typeSpecialized Agency
AcronymsWIPO, OMPI
HeadDirector-General of WIPO Francis Gurry
StatusActive
EstablishedJuly 14, 1967
HeadquartersGeneva, Switzerland
Websitewww.wipo.int
WIPO members
  Members
  Non-members

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world."[1]

WIPO currently has 185 member states,[2] administers 24 international treaties,[3] and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General of WIPO is Francis Gurry, who took office on October 1, 2008.[4] 184 of the UN Members as well as the Holy See are Members of WIPO. Non-members are the states of South Sudan, Cook Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, and the states with limited recognition. Palestine has observer status.[5]

Contents

History

The predecessor to WIPO was the BIRPI (Bureaux Internationaux Réunis pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle, French acronym for United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property), which had been established in 1893 to administer the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.

WIPO was formally created by the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, which entered into force on April 26, 1970. Under Article 3 of this Convention, WIPO seeks to "promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world." WIPO became a specialized agency of the UN in 1974. The Agreement between the United Nations and the World Intellectual Property Organization[6] notes in Article 1 that WIPO is responsible

Francis Gurry in 2011
"for promoting creative intellectual activity and for facilitating the transfer of technology related to industrial property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social and cultural development, subject to the competence and responsibilities of the United Nations and its organs, particularly the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, as well as of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and of other agencies within the United Nations system."

The Agreement marked a transition for WIPO from the mandate it inherited in 1967 from BIRPI, to promote the protection of intellectual property, to one that involved the more complex task of promoting technology transfer and economic development.[7][need quotation to verify]

Unlike other branches of the United Nations, WIPO has significant financial resources independent of the contributions from its Member States. In 2006, over 90% of its income of just over CHF 250 million[8] was expected to be generated from the collection of fees by the International Bureau (IB) under the intellectual property application and registration systems which it administers (the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Madrid system for trade marks and the Hague system for industrial designs).

In October 2004, WIPO agreed to adopt a proposal offered by Argentina and Brazil, the "Proposal for the Establishment of a Development Agenda for WIPO" - from the Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization.[9] This proposal was well supported by developing countries. The agreed "WIPO Development Agenda" (composed of over 45 recommendations) was the culmination of a long process of transformation for the organization from one that had historically been primarily aimed at protecting the interests of rightholders, to one that has increasingly incorporated the interests of other stakeholders in the international intellectual property system as well as integrating into the broader corpus of international law on human rights, environment and economic cooperation.

A number of civil society bodies have been working on a draft Access to Knowledge (A2K)[10] Treaty which they would like to see introduced.

In December 2011, WIPO published its first World Intellectual Property Report on the Changing Face of Innovation, the first such report of the new Office of the Chief Economist.World Intellectual Property Report. WIPO is also a co-publisher of the Global Innovation Index http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/ gii/.

In April 2012, Fox News first reported the shipment of computers by WIPO to North Korea and Iran, in an alleged violation of U.S. and U.N. sanctions, triggering an investigation by the U.S. State Department.[11][12][13][14][15][16] WIPO reacted by stating that the shipment did not violate the U.N. sanctions against North Korea, and that this was "part of WIPO’s standard technical assistance program to developing countries",[15][17] later announcing in July 2012 that it would discontinue the provision of computers to all countries.[18][19] After a preliminary assessment, the U.S. State Department announced on July 24, 2012 that WIPO didn't appear to have violated U.N. sanctions.[20] In September 2012, an independent investigative report commissioned by WIPO found that while the shipments were legal, they were "unjustified" and states that WIPO violated American export control legislation. The report also said that the violations were worse than was previously known.[21][22] In November 2012, a US Congressional investigation team arrives in Geneva to facilitate questioning members of the WIPO staff. [23]

Information network

WIPO has established WIPOnet, a global information network. The project seeks to link over 300 intellectual property offices (IP offices) in all WIPO Member States. In addition to providing a means of secure communication among all connected parties, WIPOnet is the foundation for WIPO's intellectual property services.[24]

Directors-General

  • 1st - Georg Bodenhausen - 1970 - 1973
  • 2nd - Árpád Bogsch - 1973 -1997
  • 3rd - Kamil Idris - 1997 - 2008
  • 4th - Francis Gurry - 2008 - till date

See also

  • Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
  • Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization
  • Intellectual property
  • Daftar/Tabel -- parties to international copyright agreements
  • Member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization
  • Substantive Patent Law Treaty (SPLT)
  • Treaties administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization
  • Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy
  • United States and the United Nations
  • World Intellectual Property Day (April 26)
  • World Intellectual Wealth Organisation

Notes and references

  1. ^ Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, [1] signed at Stockholm on July 14, 1967, Preamble, second paragraph.
  2. ^ Daftar/Tabel -- members states of WIPO. Consulted on February 2, 2012.
  3. ^ Treaties administered by WIPO. Consulted on September 11, 2008.
  4. ^ WIPO web site, Francis Gurry is appointed Director General of WIPO, News Archive 2008. Consulted on September 27, 2008.
  5. ^ Palestine WIPO status
  6. ^ Agreement between the United Nations and the World Intellectual Property Organization
  7. ^ p12, Shabalala et al. "A Citizen's Guide to WIPO" CIEL 2007. Available at: http://www.ciel.org/Publications/Citi zensGuide_WIPO_Oct07.pdf
  8. ^ Proposed program and budget 2006/2007 estimates 456m fee income out of total 531m income for the biennium, WO/PBC/8/3
  9. ^ Consumer Project on Technology web site, Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization
  10. ^ Consumer Project on Technology web site, Access to Knowledge (A2K)
  11. ^ George Russell (April 3, 2012). "Cash for computers: Is the U.N. busting its own sanctions in North Korea?". FoxNews.com. Retrieved July 9, 2012. 
  12. ^ George Russell (July 5, 2012). "State Department investigating UN agency for computer shipments to Iran and North Korea". FoxNews.com. Retrieved July 15, 2012. 
  13. ^ Patrick Ventrell (July 5, 2012). "Daily Press Briefing (Washington, DC)". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved July 15, 2012. 
  14. ^ Courtney Grogan (July 7, 2012). "U.S. Investigating UN Violations of Own Sanctions". The Daily NK. Retrieved July 15, 2012. 
  15. ^ a b "US probes shipment of high-tech gear to Iran, N. Korea by U.N. agency". msnbc.com and NBC News. July 5, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012. 
  16. ^ Broom, Giles (4 July 2012). "U.S. Probes UN’s WIPO Over Projects With Sanctioned Iran". Bloomberg. Retrieved 9 July 2012. 
  17. ^ William New (6 April 2012). "WIPO Calms Anxiety About Technical Assistance To North Korea". Intellectual Property Watch. Retrieved July 9, 2012. 
  18. ^ William New (19 July 2012). "WIPO Announces New Policy On Assistance To North Korea, Iran". Intellectual Property Watch. Retrieved July 23, 2012. 
  19. ^ William New (20 July 2012). "WIPO’s Gurry Discusses Iran/North Korea; Denies Whistleblower Retaliation". Intellectual Property Watch. Retrieved July 23, 2012. 
  20. ^ Quinn, Andrew; Emma Farge (July 24, 2012). "U.S. sees no trade sanctions violations by U.N. agency". Reuters. Retrieved August 10, 2012. 
  21. ^ Russell, George (13 September 2012). "U.N. shipment of high-tech to North Korea, Iran unjustified and unfathomable, say investigators". Fox News. Retrieved 13 September 2012. 
  22. ^ "U.N. agency sanctions probe criticizes IT exports to Iran, North Korea". Reuters. September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2012. 
  23. ^ http://defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/ digging-deeper-into-the-uns-wipo-tech -for-tyrants-scandal/
  24. ^ United Nations Multilingual Terminology Database, Entry on World Intellectual Property Organization. Consulted on February 24, 2008.

External links

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