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Digg

Digg, Inc.
Foundation dateSan Francisco, California, United States[1]
HeadquartersNew York, New York, United States[2]
Area servedWorldwide
Founder(s)Jay Adelson & Kevin Rose[3]
Key peopleMatt Williams (CEO)
RevenueUS$8.5 million (2008 est.)[4]
OwnerBetaworks
Employees11 (2012)[5]
Websitedigg.com
Alexa ranknegative increase 693 (February 2013[update])[6]
Type of siteSocial news
AdvertisingNone
RegistrationOptional
Available inEnglish
LaunchedDecember 5, 2004 (2004-12-05)
Current statusActive

Digg is a social news website. It allows people to vote web content up or down, called digging and burying, respectively. News and publisher streams were added with Digg v4 in August 2010.

Quantcast estimates Digg's monthly U.S. unique visits at 3.8 million.[7] Digg's popularity prompted the creation of copycat social networking sites with story submission and voting systems;[8] one of those competitors, Reddit, was ranked 500 places higher than Digg by website traffic analysts Alexa.com on December 19, 2012.[6]

In July 2008, the company took part in advanced acquisition talks with Google for a reported $200 million price tag, but the deal ultimately fell through. Four years later, on July 12, 2012, Digg was sold in three parts: the Digg brand, website and technology were sold to Betaworks for an estimated $500,000; 15 staff were transferred to the Washington Post's SocialCode for a reported $12 million; and a suite of patents were sold to LinkedIn for about $4 million.[9][10][11]

Contents

History

Digg, Version 1.6

Digg started as an experiment in November 2004 by collaborators Kevin Rose, Owen Byrne, Ron Gorodetzky, and Jay Adelson. The original design by Dan Ries was free of advertisements. The company added Google AdSense early in the project but switched to MSN adCenter in 2007.[12]

The site's main function is to let users discover, share and recommend web content. Members of the community can submit a webpage for general consideration. Other members can vote that page up ("digg") or down ("bury"). Although voting takes place on digg.com, many websites add "digg" buttons to their pages, allowing users to vote as they browse the web. The end product is a series of wide-ranging, constantly updated lists of popular and trending content from around the Internet, aggregated by a social network.

Additions and improvements were made throughout the website's first years. Digg v2 was released in July 2005, with a new interface by web design company silverorange. New features included a friends list, and the ability to "digg" a story without being redirected to a success page. One year later, as part of Digg v3, the website added specific categories for technology, science, world and business, videos, entertainment and gaming, as well as a "view all" section that merged all categories. Further interface adjustments were made in August 2007.

By 2008, Digg's homepage was attracting over 236 million visitors annually, according to a Compete.com survey.[13] Digg had grown large enough that it was thought to affect the traffic of submitted webpages. Some pages experienced a sudden increase of traffic shortly after being submitted; some Digg users refer to this as the "Digg effect". Whether this spike in traffic can be attributed to Digg is difficult to assess; in many cases, stories appear on several popular bookmarking sites simultaneously.

CEO Jay Adelson announced in 2010 that the site would undergo an extensive overhaul. In an interview with Wired magazine, Adelson stated that "Every single thing has changed" and that "the entire website has been rewritten."[14] The company switched from MySQL to Cassandra, a distributed database system; in a blog post, VP Engineering John Quinn described the move as "bold".[15] Adelson summed up the new Digg by saying, "We've got a new backend, a new infrastructure layer, a new services layer, new machines — everything."[14]

Adelson stepped down as CEO on April 5, 2010 to explore entrepreneurial opportunities, months before the launch date of Digg v4.[16] He had been the company's CEO since its inception. Kevin Rose, another original founder, stepped in temporarily as CEO and Chairman.

Digg's v4 release on August 25, 2010, was marred by site-wide bugs and glitches. Digg users reacted with hostile verbal opposition, and some used Digg's own auto-submit feature to flood the site with articles from its competitor, Reddit. Beyond the release, Digg faced dwindling web traffic and heavy competition from Facebook, whose Like buttons started to appear on websites next to Digg's.[17] High staff turnover included the departure of head of business development Matt Van Horn, shortly after v4's release.[18]

On September 1, 2010, Matt Williams took over as CEO, ending Rose's troubled tenure as interim chief executive.

Sale

In July 2012, Digg was sold in three parts: the Digg brand, website and technology were sold to Betaworks for $500,000; 15 staff were transferred to the Washington Post's SocialCode project for $12 million; and a suite of patents were sold to LinkedIn for around $4 million.[9][10][11]

There are reports that Digg had been trying to sell itself to a larger company since early 2006.[19] The most notable attempt took place in July 2008, when Google entered talks to buy Digg for around $200 million. Google walked away from negotiations during the deal's due diligence phase, informing Digg on July 25 that it was no longer interested in the purchase.[20] Digg subsequently went into further venture capital funding, receiving $28.7 million from investors such as Highland Capital Partners[21] to move headquarters and add staff.[22] Several months later, CEO Jay Adelson said Digg was no longer for sale.[23]

Redesign

On July 20, 2012, new owners Betaworks announced via Twitter that they were rebuilding Digg from scratch, "turning [Digg] back into a start-up".[24] Betaworks gave the project a six-week deadline. Surveys of existing users, through the website ReThinkDigg.com, were used to inform the development of a new user interface and user experience.[25][26][27]

Digg v1 launched a day early on July 31, 2012. It features an editorially driven front page, more images, and top, popular and upcoming stories. Users can access a new scoring system. There is increased support for sharing content to other social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook.

Features

Facebook Connect

In May 2009, Digg launched a new feature integrating Facebook Connect with Digg.[28] Users of Digg and Facebook can connect their accounts. When a Facebook account is connected to a Digg account, Digg articles can then be shared on the user's Facebook page.[29] Facebook Connect also allows Facebook users to log into Digg with their Facebook account, bypassing the need to create a Digg account.

Digg Dialogg

Digg users can submit questions to a preselected famous individual who agrees to participate in an interview with a reporter chosen by Digg.[30] This feature is somewhat similar to Reddit's IAmA.

DiggBar

The DiggBar was a frame that gave users access to Digg features without leaving their current webpage. A toolbar above the page allowed users to access Digg comments and analytics.[31] The DiggBar was removed in Digg v4. Kevin Rose said on April 5, 2010, "Framing content with an iFrame is bad for the Internet... It’s an inconsistent/wonky user experience, and I’m happy to say we are killing it."[32]

Digg API

Digg opened their API to the public on April 19, 2007.[33][34] This allowed software developers to write tools and applications based on queries of Digg's public data, dating back to 2004. it's not available now [35][36]

Digg App

Digg released free apps for iPhone and Android in early 2010. The app allowed users to browse stories and digg content. It featured close integration with other social media platforms: users can connect using Facebook or Twitter and share Digg content through them.

The Digg app for Android is no longer available.[37]

Criticism

Mob mentality

The present Digg algorithm samples a diverse group of users to identify trending content, but in the past it was much more dependent on flocking behavior. In 2006, an anonymous user wrote a blog post accusing an O'Reilly writer of stealing Digg's CSS and HTML.[38] Digg users flocked to the story and it was promoted with nearly 3,000 votes;[39] Digg founders Kevin Rose, Jay Adelson and Daniel Burka promptly expressed dissatisfaction on finding Digg's code on writer Steve Mallett's sites.

Mallett's code came from the open source project Pligg, which replicates some of Digg's features and backend. Pligg is based on a similar Spanish project called Menéame. Menéame copied CSS and HTML code from Digg; this was distributed to Pligg, then to Mallett. On downloading the code from Pligg, Mallett had "assumed the open source code didn't violate copyrights, as we all do, and was surprised to learn otherwise."[40] Which is to say, "the main claim of stealing CSS was superficially true, but substantially false."[40] Mallett defended himself in a blog post[41] supported by O'Reilly.[42]

Digg's executives were quick to make amends. Rose acknowledged the misunderstanding and notified Pligg developers of the issue,[43] while Adelson expressed support for Mallett's claims and personally thanked him for clearing the issue. Nonetheless, O'Reilly writer Nat Torkington noted in her defense of Mallett that thousands of Digg voters had already supported an article claiming Mallett was a thief and a spammer.[40]

This error has been attributed to the wisdom of the crowd, where the collective opinion of individuals is given greater weight than a single expert. Another explanation is groupthink, which differs by requiring independence among its nodes.[44]

Organized promotion and censorship by users

Main article: Digg Patriots

It has been possible for users to have disproportionate influence on Digg, either by themselves or in teams. These users are sometimes motivated to promote or bury pages for political or financial reasons.

Serious attempts by users to game the site began in 2006.[45] A top user was banned after agreeing to promote a story for cash to an undercover Digg sting operation.[46] Another group of users openly formed a 'Bury Brigade' to remove "spam" articles about US politician Ron Paul; critics accused the group of attempting to stifle any mention of Ron Paul on Digg.[47]

Digg hired computer scientist Anton Kast to develop a diversity algorithm that would prevent special interest groups from dominating Digg. During a town hall meeting, Digg executives responded to criticism by removing some features that gave superusers extra weight, but declined to make "buries" transparent.[48]

However, later that year Google increased its page rank for Digg. Shortly, many 'pay for Diggs' startups were created to profit from the opportunity. According to TechCrunch, one top user charged $700 per story, with a $500 bonus if the story reached the front page.[49]

Digg Patriots was a conservative Yahoo! Groups mailing list, with an associated page on coRank, accused of coordinated, politically motivated behavior on Digg. Progressive blogger Ole Ole Olson wrote in August 2010 that Digg Patriots undertook a year-long effort of organized burying of seemingly liberal articles from Digg's Upcoming module. He also accused leading members of vexatiously reporting liberal users for banning (and those who seemed liberal), and creating "sleeper" accounts in the event of administrators banning their accounts. These and other actions would violate Digg's terms of usage.[50][51] Olson's post was immediately followed by the disbanding and closure of the DiggPatriots list, and an investigation into the matter by Digg.[52]

AACS encryption key controversy

Main article: AACS encryption key controversy

On May 1, 2007, an article appeared on Digg's homepage that contained the encryption key for the AACS digital rights management protection of HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Then Digg, "acting on the advice of its lawyers," removed posting submissions about the secret number from its database and banned several users for submitting it. The removals were seen by many Digg users as a capitulation to corporate interests and an assault on free speech.[53] A statement by Jay Adelson attributed the article's take-down to an attempt to comply with cease and desist letters from the Advanced Access Content System consortium and cited Digg's Terms of Use as justification for taking down the article.[54] Although some users defended Digg's actions,[55][56][57] as a whole the community staged a widespread revolt with numerous articles and comments being made using the encryption key.[58][59] The scope of the user response was so great that one of the Digg users referred to it as a "digital Boston Tea Party".[60] The response was also directly responsible for Digg reversing the policy and stating: "But now, after seeing hundreds of stories and reading thousands of comments, you've made it clear. You'd rather see Digg go down fighting than bow down to a bigger company. We hear you, and effective immediately we won't delete stories or comments containing the code and will deal with whatever the consequences might be."[61]

Digg v4

Digg's version 4 release was initially unstable. The site was unreachable or unstable for weeks after its launch on August 25, 2010. Many users, upon finally reaching the site, complained about the new design and the removal of many features (such as bury, favorites, friends submissions, upcoming pages, subcategories, videos and history search).[62] Kevin Rose replied to complaints on his blog, promising to fix the algorithm and restore some features.[63]

Alexis Ohanian, founder of rival site Reddit, said in an open letter to Rose:

... this new version of digg reeks of VC meddling. It's cobbling together features from more popular sites and departing from the core of digg, which was to "give the power back to the people."[64]

Disgruntled users declared a 'quit Digg day' on August 30, 2010, and used Digg's own auto-submit feature to fill the front page with content from Reddit.[65][66][67] Reddit also temporarily added the Digg shovel to their logo to welcome fleeing Digg users.[68]

Digg's traffic dropped significantly after the launch of version 4,[69] and publishers reported a drop in direct referrals from stories on Digg's front page.[70] New CEO Matt Williams attempted to address some of the users' concerns in a blog post on October 12, 2010, promising to reinstate many of the features that had been removed.

Timeline

October 2004Development on digg.com begins[71]
December 1, 2004Kevin Rose creates the first profile
December 3, 2004The first story is submitted to Digg[72]
December 5, 2004Digg is open to public
December 13, 2004Kevin Rose shows off Digg on The Screen Savers[73]
January 2, 2005Comment section introduced for stories
February 28, 2005Digg 1.6: duplicate story detection
March 19, 2005Profile page now includes comment histories and sort by category
May 9, 2005Digg spy is released
May 27, 2005Digg 2.0 is released. Friends feature, ajax buttons for Digg/bury, and a non-linear promotion algorithm are implemented.
July 2, 2005Diggnation podcast begins with Alex and Kevin[74]
October 2005Raises $2.8 million in venture capital
December 2005Digg Spy 2.0 released
December 2005KoolAidGuy saga results in anti-spam tools being introduced[75]
January 17, 2006Top user Albertpacino resigns after accusations of him being on Digg payroll[76]
January 18, 2006Digg Clouds is introduced, Search is improved
January 25, 2006Acquisition rumors begins
February 2, 2006Report stories as 'inaccurate' and Profanity filters are introduced
February 15, 2006Digg widget for blogs and share by email is released
March 1, 2006New Digg Comment System Released, threaded and Diggable comments.
April 20, 2006Digg Army Saga: after an exposé by forevergeek.com Kevin bans dozens of top users.[77]
June 26, 2006Digg v3 rolled out, site redesign, shouts, new categories: politics and sports.
July 24, 2006Digg Labs Launches
August 15, 2006Thumbnails added
August 27, 2006Digg begins enforcing trademark rights
September 6, 2006User rebellion against Friends System and vote rigging results in promises about the diversity algorithms and other tools that were never implemented. Top user p9 resigns.
September 8, 2006diggriver.com is launched for mobile devices
September 12, 2006#1 Story feature added later renamed as favorites
December 18, 2006New features: Podcast, Videos, Top 10 sidebar, wide-screen support and friends page
December 28, 2006Raises $8.5 million in venture capital
February 2, 2007Top Diggers list removed after user complaints[78]
February 2, 2007Big Spy Launched
February 26, 2007The new US Elections 2008 section creates lots of buzz
March 1, 2007Blog post leads to concern about 'bury brigades'. Digg investigates and find no evidence for these allegations
April 19, 2007Digg API is made public, Contest launched for best app using the API
May 1, 2007HD-DVD saga regarding the censorship of the leaked encryption key, Kevin sides with the users and ends the censorship
June 4, 2007Facebook app is launched
June 21, 2007New Comment System - Joe Stump edition. Instant backlash from community after slow loading.
July 10, 2007iPhone App beta launched
July 25, 2007Ad partnership with Microsoft
August 27, 2007Customizable homepage options. Images and videos now back to homepage.
September 19, 2007New Digg profiles, story suggestion, email alerts
November 20, 2007Digg the Candidates: Presidential candidates get their Digg accounts
February 1, 2008Digg Town Halls
May 15, 2008New comments system is released
June 30, 2008Recommendation engine is released
July 23, 2008Facebook minifeeds of digg stories
July 31, 2008m.digg.com - Mobile site is released
August 6, 2008Firefox Extension released
August 25, 2008Digg Dialogg
September 8, 2008Digg warns users against script for auto digging friends stories.
September 24, 2008$28.7 million capital raised with Highland Capital Partners.
October 3, 2008A small number of power users are banned after they fail to follow guidelines against script digging.[79]
October 9, 2008Digg Spy and podcasts discontinued
December 18, 2008Related stories and "People who Dugg this also Dugg" boxes added to individual stories
April 2, 2009DiggBar and short url launched
April 9, 2009New Search
May 6, 2009Facebook Connect
May 26, 2009Shouts feature is removed
August 6, 2009Diggable ads implemented
October 16, 2009Partners with WeFollow for categorizing user in the upcoming version 4 release
November 4, 2009Digg Trends launched
January 17, 2010Chrome extension launched
March 23, 2010iPhone app is launched
April 1, 2010Android app is launched
April 5, 2010Jay Adelson Steps Down as CEO, Kevin Rose becomes interim CEO
July 2, 2010Digg version 4 alpha testing begins
August 3, 2010Digg takes down new user registration in preparation for Digg 4.0[80]
August 25, 2010Digg v4 is released: My News and Publisher Streams launched
September 1, 2010Matt Williams replaces Kevin Rose as CEO
October 27, 2010Digg lays off 37% of its staff along with refocusing the service[81]
March 18, 2011Kevin Rose resigns from his role in the company [82]
August 9, 2011Newswire is launched.
September 20, 2011Newsroom is launched.
December 22, 2011Digg Social Reader is introduced.
March 6, 2012Digg Mobile is now in a relationship with Digg Social Reader.
July 12, 2012Digg announced its sale to Betaworks for $500,000.[83]
July 20, 2012Digg announces new site redesign in progress, "rebooting" the site back to v1 as a "startup," slated for release on August 1, 2012.[24][25][26][27]
August 1, 2012Digg releases v1 site reboot[84]

See also

Portal iconInternet portal

References

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