| Installation GuideThis manual uses several conventions to highlight certain words and phrases and draw attention to specific pieces of information. In PDF and paper editions, this manual uses typefaces drawn from the Liberation Fonts set. The Liberation Fonts set is also used in HTML editions if the set is installed on your system. If not, alternative but equivalent typefaces are displayed. Note: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 and later includes the Liberation Fonts set by default. 1.1. Typographic ConventionsFour typographic conventions are used to call attention to specific words and phrases. These conventions, and the circumstances they apply to, are as follows. Mono-spaced Bold
Used to highlight system input, including shell commands, file names and paths. Also used to highlight keys and key combinations. For example: To see the contents of the file my_next_bestselling_novel in your current working directory, enter the cat my_next_bestselling_novel command at the shell prompt and press Enter to execute the command.
The above includes a file name, a shell command and a key, all presented in mono-spaced bold and all distinguishable thanks to context. Key combinations can be distinguished from an individual key by the plus sign that connects each part of a key combination. For example: Press Enter to execute the command. Press Ctrl+Alt+F2 to switch to a virtual terminal.
The first example highlights a particular key to press. The second example highlights a key combination: a set of three keys pressed simultaneously. If source code is discussed, class names, methods, functions, variable names and returned values mentioned within a paragraph will be presented as above, in mono-spaced bold. For example: File-related classes include filesystem for file systems, file for files, and dir for directories. Each class has its own associated set of permissions.
Proportional Bold This denotes words or phrases encountered on a system, including application names; dialog box text; labeled buttons; check-box and radio button labels; menu titles and sub-menu titles. For example: Choose ⤍ ⤍ from the main menu bar to launch Mouse Preferences. In the Buttons tab, click the Left-handed mouse check box and click Close to switch the primary mouse button from the left to the right (making the mouse suitable for use in the left hand). To insert a special character into a gedit file, choose ⤍ ⤍ from the main menu bar. Next, choose ⤍ from the Character Map menu bar, type the name of the character in the Search field and click Next. The character you sought will be highlighted in the Character Table. Double-click this highlighted character to place it in the Text to copy field and then click the Copy button. Now switch back to your document and choose ⤍ from the gedit menu bar.
The above text includes application names; system-wide menu names and items; application-specific menu names; and buttons and text found within a GUI interface, all presented in proportional bold and all distinguishable by context. Mono-spaced Bold ItalicProportional Bold Italic
Whether mono-spaced bold or proportional bold, the addition of italics indicates replaceable or variable text. Italics denotes text you do not input literally or displayed text that changes depending on circumstance. For example: To connect to a remote machine using ssh, type ssh username@domain.name at a shell prompt. If the remote machine is example.com and your username on that machine is john, type ssh [email protected]. The mount -o remount file-system command remounts the named file system. For example, to remount the /home file system, the command is mount -o remount /home. To see the version of a currently installed package, use the rpm -q package command. It will return a result as follows: package-version-release
Note the words in bold italics above - username, domain.name, file-system, package, version and release. Each word is a placeholder, either for text you enter when issuing a command or for text displayed by the system. Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the first use of a new and important term. For example: Publican is a DocBook publishing system.
1.2. Pull-quote ConventionsTerminal output and source code listings are set off visually from the surrounding text. Output sent to a terminal is set in mono-spaced roman and presented thus: books Desktop documentation drafts mss photos stuff svnbooks_tests Desktop1 downloads images notes scripts svgs Source-code listings are also set in mono-spaced roman but add syntax highlighting as follows: package org.jboss.book.jca.ex1;import javax.naming.InitialContext;public class ExClient{ public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { InitialContext iniCtx = new InitialContext(); Object ref = iniCtx.lookup("EchoBean"); EchoHome home = (EchoHome) ref; Echo echo = home.create(); System.out.println("Created Echo"); System.out.println("Echo.echo('Hello') = " + echo.echo("Hello")); }}Finally, we use three visual styles to draw attention to information that might otherwise be overlooked. Notes are tips, shortcuts or alternative approaches to the task at hand. Ignoring a note should have no negative consequences, but you might miss out on a trick that makes your life easier. Important boxes detail things that are easily missed: configuration changes that only apply to the current session, or services that need restarting before an update will apply. Ignoring a box labeled 'Important' will not cause data loss but may cause irritation and frustration. Warnings should not be ignored. Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss. 2. Getting Help and Giving FeedbackIf you experience difficulty with a procedure described in this documentation, visit the Red Hat Customer Portal at http://access.redhat.com. Through the customer portal, you can: search or browse through a knowledgebase of technical support articles about Red Hat products. submit a support case to Red Hat Global Support Services (GSS). access other product documentation.
Red Hat also hosts a large number of electronic mailing lists for discussion of Red Hat software and technology. You can find a list of publicly available mailing lists at https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo. Click on the name of any mailing list to subscribe to that list or to access the list archives. If you find a typographical error in this manual, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report in Bugzilla: http://bugzilla.redhat.com/ against the product Red Hat Enterprise Linux.When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual's identifier: doc-Installation_Guide If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as possible when describing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily. Welcome to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide. 1. What's New in this Edition?2. Architecture-specific InformationThis manual is divided into different sections: Part I, " x86, AMD64, and Intel 64 - Installation and Booting", Part II, "IBM Power Systems - Installation and Booting", and Part III, "IBM System z Architecture - Installation and Booting" are architecture specific, and give instructions on installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 with specific reference to 32- and 64-bit Intel and AMD systems, IBM Power Systems servers, and IBM System z architecture systems, respectively. Part IV, "Advanced installation options" covers more advanced methods of installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including: boot options, installing without media, installing through VNC, and using kickstart to automate the installation process. Part V, "After installation" deals with a number of common tasks, covers finalizing the installation and, as well as some installation-related tasks that you might perform at some time in the future. These include using a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation disc to rescue a damaged system, upgrading to a new version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and removing Red Hat Enterprise Linux from your computer. Part VI, "Technical appendixes" does not contain procedures, but provides technical background that you might find helpful to understand the options that Red Hat Enterprise Linux offers you at various points in the installation process. 3. Installation in Virtualized EnvironmentsVirtualization is a broad computing term for running software, usually operating systems, concurrently and isolated from other programs on one system. Virtualization uses a hypervisor, a software layer that controls hardware and provides guest operating systems with access to underlying hardware. The hypervisor allows multiple operating systems to run on the same physical system by giving the guest operating system virtualized hardware. You can install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 as a fully virtualized guest on a 64-bit x86 host system or in a logical partition (LPAR) on a Power Systems server or IBM System z system. For more information about installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 in a virtualized environment on a 64-bit x86 host system, refer to "Part II. Installation" in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Virtualization Guide, available from http://docs.redhat.com/. For more information about installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 in a virtualized environment under PowerVM on IBM System p, refer to PowerVM Virtualization on IBM System p: Introduction and Configuration, available from http://publib-b.boulder.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247940.html. For more information about installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 in a virtualized environment under z/VM on System z, refer to Part III, "IBM System z Architecture - Installation and Booting" in this guide. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide is part of Red Hat's ongoing commitment to provide useful and timely support and information to Red Hat Enterprise Linux users. 5. Where to Find Other ManualsIn addition to this manual, which covers installation, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide contains further information on system administration and security. Chapter 1. Obtaining Red Hat Enterprise LinuxIf you have a Red Hat subscription, you can download ISO image files of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 installation DVD from the Software & Download Center that is part of the Red Hat customer portal. If you do not already have a subscription, either purchase one or obtain a free evaluation subscription from the Software & Download Center at https://access.redhat.com/downloads. If you have a subscription or evaluation subscription, follow these steps to obtain the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 ISO image files: Click Downloads to visit the Software & Download Center. In the Red Hat Enterprise Linux area, click the Download Software link to obtain a list of all currently supported Red Hat Enterprise Linux products. Select a release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and click on the link to that release. Note that you only need to select the most current version of the product; each release is a complete, functional version of the operating system and does not require previous releases. Ensure that you select the appropriate release for your installation target: Client, Workstation, Server, or Compute Node. Choose between 32-bit and 64-bit versions. IBM Power Systems and IBM System z versions are also available for the Server release. Each version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux is available as an ISO image file for a single DVD, around 3 GB - 4 GB in size.
This same page contains links to ISO image files for the source code for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. You do not need to download the source code to install the operating system. The page also contains a link to boot.iso. Click on this link to download an ISO image named rhel-variant-version-architecture-boot.iso which is around 200 MB in size. You can use this image file to produce minimal boot media - bootable CDs, DVDs, or USB devices with which you can boot a system when you plan to complete the installation from an installation source available on a hard disk or over a network connection. Refer to Section 2.2, "Making Minimal Boot Media" for information on how to use the rhel-variant-version-architecture-boot.iso file. Note that the link to every image file is accompanied by MD5 and SHA-256 checksums. After your download completes, use a checksum tool such as md5sum or sha256sum to generate a checksum on your local copy of the file. If the value that you generate locally matches the value published on the website, you know that the image file is genuine and uncorrupted. After you download an ISO image file of the installation DVD from the Red Hat Network, you can: Use the methods described in this section to create the following types of installation and boot media: The following table indicates the types of boot and installation media available for different architectures and notes the image file that you need to produce the media. Table 2.1. Boot and installation media | Architecture | Installation DVD | Boot CD or boot DVD | Boot USB flash drive |
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Where variant is the variant of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (for example, server or workstation) and version is the latest version number (for example, 6.3). |
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| BIOS-based 32-bit x86 | x86 DVD ISO image file | rhel-variant-version-i386-boot.iso | rhel-variant-version-i386-boot.iso | | UEFI-based 32-bit x86 | Not available | | | BIOS-based AMD64 and Intel 64 | x86_64 DVD ISO image file (to install 64-bit operating system) or x86 DVD ISO image file (to install 32-bit operating system) | rhel-variant-version-x86_64boot.iso orrhel-variant-version-i386-boot.iso | rhel-variant-version-x86_64boot.iso or rhel-variant-version-i386-boot.iso | | UEFI-based AMD64 and Intel 64 | x86_64 DVD ISO image file | rhel-variant-version-x86_64boot.iso | efidisk.img (from x86_64 DVD ISO image file) | | POWER (64-bit only) | ppc DVD ISO image file | rhel-server-version-ppc64-boot.iso | Not available | | System z | s390 DVD ISO image file | Not available | Not available |
2.1. Making an installation DVDYou can make an installation DVD using the CD or DVD burning software on your computer. The exact series of steps that produces a DVD from an ISO image file varies greatly from computer to computer, depending on the operating system and disc burning software installed. Use this procedure as a general guide. You might be able to omit certain steps on your computer, or might have to perform some of the steps in a different order from the order described here. Make sure that your disc burning software is capable of burning discs from image files. Although this is true of most disc burning software, exceptions exist. In particular, note that the disc burning feature built into Windows XP and Windows Vista cannot burn DVDs; and that earlier Windows operating systems did not have any disc burning capability installed by default at all. Therefore, if your computer has a Windows operating system prior to Windows 7 installed on it, you need a separate piece of software for this task. Examples of popular disc burning software for Windows that you might already have on your computer include Nero Burning ROM and Roxio Creator. Most widely used disc burning software for Linux, such as Brasero and K3b has the built-in ability to burn discs from ISO image files. Insert a blank, writable DVD into your computer's DVD burner. On some computers, a window opens and displays various options when you insert the disc. If you see a window like this, look for an option to launch your chosen disc burning program. If you do not see an option like this, close the window and launch the program manually. Launch your disc burning program. On some computers, you can do this by right-clicking (or control-clicking) on the image file and selecting a menu option with a label like Copy image to DVD, or Copy CD or DVD image. Other computers might provide you with a menu option to launch your chosen disc burning program, either directly or with an option like . If none of these options are available on your computer, launch the program from an icon on your desktop, in a menu of applications such as the menu on Windows operating systems. In your disc burning program, select the option to burn a disc from an image file. For example, in Brasero, this option is called . Note that you can skip this step when using certain disc burning software. Browse to the ISO image file that you downloaded previously and select it for burning. Click the button that starts the burning process. On some computers, the option to burn a disc from an ISO file is integrated into a context menu in the file browser. For example, when you right-click an ISO file on a computer with a Linux or UNIX operating system that runs the GNOME desktop, the Nautilus file browser presents you with the option to . 2.2. Making Minimal Boot MediaA piece of minimal boot media is a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive that contains the software to boot the system and launch the installation program, but which does not contain the software that must be transferred to the system to create a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation. Use minimal boot media: to boot the system to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux over a network to boot the system to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux from a hard drive to commence a network or hard-drive installation or to use an anaconda update or a kickstart file with a DVD installation.
You can use minimal boot media to start the installation process on 32-bit x86 systems, AMD64 or Intel 64 systems, and Power Systems servers. The process by which you create minimal boot media for systems of these various types is identical except in the case of AMD64 and Intel 64 systems with UEFI firmware interfaces - refer to Section 2.2.2, "Minimal USB boot media for UEFI-based systems". To make minimal boot media for 32-bit x86 systems, BIOS-based AMD64 or Intel 64 systems, and Power Systems servers: Download the ISO image file named rhel-variant-version-architecture-boot.iso that is available at the same location as the images of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 installation DVD - refer to Chapter 1, Obtaining Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Alternatively, transfer the .iso file to a USB device with the dd command. As the .iso file is only around 200 MB in size, you do not need an especially large USB flash drive. 2.2.1. Minimal USB boot media for BIOS-based systemsIn a few cases with oddly formatted or partitioned USB media, image writing may fail. When you perform this procedure any data on the USB flash drive is destroyed with no warning. Make sure that you specify the correct USB flash drive, and make sure that this flash drive does not contain any data that you want to keep. Plug in your USB flash drive. Become root: su -
Your flash drive must have a single partition with a vfat file system. To determine how it is formatted, find the name of this partition and the device itself by running dmesg shortly after connecting the drive. The device name (similar to /dev/sdc) and the partition name (similar to /dev/sdc1) both appear in several lines towards the end of the output. Use the partition name to ensure that the file system type of the USB flash drive is vfat. # blkid partition
You should now see a message similar to: LABEL="LIVE" UUID="6676-27D3" TYPE="vfat" If TYPE is anything other than vfat (for example, TYPE="iso9660"), clear the first blocks of the USB flash drive: # dd if=/dev/zero of=partition bs=1M count=100
Use the dd command to transfer the boot ISO image to the USB device: # dd if=path/image_name.iso of=device
where path/image_name.iso is the boot ISO image file that you downloaded from the Red Hat Customer Portal and device # dd if=/home/user/Downloads/RHEL6-Server-i386-boot.iso of=/dev/sdc
2.2.2. Minimal USB boot media for UEFI-based systemsRed Hat does not provide an image to produce minimal boot CDs or DVDs for UEFI-based systems. Use a USB flash drive (as described in this section) to boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 installer, or use the installation DVD with the linux askmethod option to boot the installer from DVD and continue installation from a different installation source - refer to Section 3.6, "Selecting an Installation Method". Use the efidisk.img file in the images/ directory on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 installation DVD to produce a bootable USB flash drive for UEFI-based systems. Become root: su -
Create a mount point for the ISO image file: # mkdir /mnt/dvdiso
Mount the image file: # mount DVD.iso /mnt/dvdiso -o loop
Where DVD.iso is the name of the ISO image file, for example RHEL6-Server-x86_64-DVD.iso. Transfer efidisk.img from the ISO image file to your USB flash drive: # dd if=/mnt/dvdiso/images/efidisk.img of=/dev/device_name
For example: # dd if=/mnt/dvdiso/images/efidisk.img of=/dev/sdc
Unmount the ISO image file: # umount /mnt/dvdiso
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