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Contributor License Agreement

A Contributor License Agreement (CLA) defines the terms under which intellectual property has been contributed to a company/project, typically software under an open source license.

Contents

Rationale

Contributor Licence Agreements (CLAs) can be used to enable vendors to easily pursue legal resolution in the case of copyright disputes,[1] or to relicense products from which contributions have been received from third parties.[2]

The purpose of a CLA is to ensure that the guardian of a project's outputs has the necessary ownership or grants of rights over all contributions to allow them to distribute under the chosen licence. In some cases this will mean that the contributor will assign the copyright in all contributions to the project owner; in other cases, they will grant an irrevocable licence to allow the project maintainer to use the contribution. CLAs also have roles in raising awareness of IPR issues within a project.[3]

Users

Companies/projects that use CLAs include:

Canonical

The Canonical contributor agreement was a Contributor License Agreement required by Canonical Ltd for all contributions to many projects established by Canonical.

In it, the contributor assigned copyright to Canonical and at the same time Canonical gave the contributor "a world-wide, non-exclusive, royalty-free and perpetual right to use, copy, modify, communicate and make available to the public (including without limitation via the Internet) and distribute, in each case in an original or modified form, the Assigned Contributions as (they) wish."[11][12]

Canonical started Project Harmony "...to assist organisations which use contribution agreements by providing standardised variable templates with clear and concise explanations..."[13]

As of August 2011, Canonical is requesting contributions be licenced under a Harmony Contribution Licence Agreement, rather than the copyright being assigned to Canonical.[14]

Projects requiring contributors to sign this agreement include:[11]

KDE

KDE uses Free Software Foundation Europe's Fiduciary Licence Agreement[15] which states in section 3.3:

FSFE shall only exercise the granted rights and licences in accordance with the principles of Free Software as defined by the Free Software Foundations. FSFE guarantees to use the rights and licences transferred in strict accordance with the regulations imposed by Free Software licences, including, but not limited to, the GNU General Public Licence (GPL) or the GNU Lesser General Public Licence (LGPL) respectively. In the event FSFE violates the principles of Free Software, all granted rights and licences shall automatically return to the Beneficiary and the licences granted hereunder shall be terminated and expire.[16]

However, it is optional and every contributor is allowed not to assign his copyright to KDE e.V.

See also

  • Project Harmony (FOSS group)

References

  1. ^ http://www.apache.org/licenses/ licensing page
  2. ^ http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/Contribut ingFAQ Contributing FAQ
  3. ^ http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/ cla.xml
  4. ^ http://www.canonical.com/contributors
  5. ^ http://github.com/diaspora/diaspora
  6. ^ http://www.djangoproject.com/foundati on/cla/
  7. ^ https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/v iewform?formkey=dHBjc1YzdWhsZERUQnhlS klsbG1KT1E6MQ
  8. ^ http://developer.joomla.org/contribut or-agreements.html
  9. ^ http://nodejs.org/cla.html
  10. ^ http://openmediavault.org/contributor agreement.html
  11. ^ a b "Canonical's contributor agreement". http://www.canonical.com/contributors. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
  12. ^ Canonical Ltd (December 2010). "Contributor Agreement V2.5". http://www.canonical.com/system/files /Canonical%20Contributor%20Agreement% 2C%20ver%202.5.pdf. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  13. ^ Amanda Brock (2010-06-24). "Project Harmony looks to improve contribution agreements". http://opensource.com/law/10/6/projec t-harmony-looks-improve-contribution- agreements-0.
  14. ^ "Canonical's contributor agreement". 2011-08-10. http://www.canonical.com/contributors.
  15. ^ "FSFE welcomes KDE's adoption of the Fiduciary Licence Agreement (FLA)". 2008-08-22. http://ev.kde.org/announcements/2008- 08-22-fsfe-welcomes-fla.php.
  16. ^ "Fiduciary Licence Agreement (Version 1.2)". http://www.fsfe.org/projects/ftf/FLA. en.pdf. Retrieved 2010-12-31.

External links

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