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Sugar (desktop environment)

Sugar
Logo
Screenshot of Sugar (v0.82)
The Sugar "Home view"
Developer(s)Sugar Labs
Initial releaseMay 2006 (2006-05)
Stable release0.98.5 (March 8, 2013; 17 days ago (2013-03-08)) [±]
Development statusActive
Written inPython[1]
Operating systemGNU/Linux
Available in25 languages[1]
TypeDesktop environment
LicenseGNU General Public License
Alexa rank494,647[2]
Websitewiki.sugarlabs.org

Sugar is an free and open source desktop environment designed with the goal of being used by children for interactive learning.[1][3] Developed as part of the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project, it is the default interface on OLPC XO-1 family of laptop computers, but also runs on most computers' hardware.[1] It is available as a Live CD, as Live USB, a package installable through several GNU/Linux distributions,[1] or on Windows and Mac OS through virtualization.[4]

Sugar is now developed under the umbrella of Sugar Labs, a nonprofit spin-off of OLPC which began operating in May 2008.[3] However, because Sugar is open-source software under the GNU GPL license,[1] many of Sugar Labs' contributors aren't employees of either.[5]

Unlike most other desktop environments, Sugar does not use the "desktop", "folder" and "window" metaphors. Instead, Sugar's default full-screen activities require users to focus on only one program at a time. Sugar implements a novel file-handling metaphor (the Journal), which automatically saves the user's running program session and allows him or her to later use an interface to pull up their past works by date, activity used or file type.

Contents

Design principles

"Low floor, no ceiling"[6] is the mantra used by OLPC - and now Sugar Labs - as motivation for the design and development principles. Sugar aims to be a platform suitable for all kinds of creative expression which provides a low floor to the inexperienced, but doesn't impose a ceiling upon more advanced users. The following list, while certainly not comprehensive, provides a starting point for such considerations.

Simplicity

The laptop's hardware limitations have led to much clearer and simpler user interface design, harking back to the early days of the computer. The project's stated goal is to "avoid bloated interfaces", and "limit the controls to those immediately relevant to the task at hand.".[7] Applications run full screen; there is no double clicking; and menus are iconic.

Modification

Sugar is free software released under the GNU GPL.[1] As such, its development is done by a variety of contributors, including many who are not employed by Sugar Labs, One Laptop per Child, or any other related organization. The most active contributors to the core Sugar platform include Marco Pesenti Gritti, Walter Bender, Christopher Blizzard, Eben Eliason, Simon Schampijer, Christian Schmidt, Lisa Strausfeld, Takaaki Okada, Tomeu Vizoso, and Dan Williams.[5] As an ambitious and wide-ranging project, Sugar and the programs created for it (called Activities) often receive contributions from those who consider themselves part of the free software community -- even some well-established software developers who normally contribute to other open source software projects.

Sugar can be modified easily by users with programming experience because it is written in Python,[1] which is an interpreted language. Sugar's language choice is in sharp contrast to the GNOME desktop environment, Microsoft Windows XP, Vista and 7, which are primarily written in C, a compiled language.

Features and their History

Sugar is still in development. In May 2006, its creators described it as primarily a "tool for expression," thus plans are in place to include multimedia and social networking features.[8] There are hundreds of learning activities available for Sugar that can be downloaded from the Sugar Activity Library. Additional activities are available from third parties, such as the Project Ceibal portal in Uruguay.

Cross-platform

As of early 2007, Sugar could be installed (with some difficulty) on a variety of operating systems, including several Linux distributions and within virtual machines on Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. Instructions are available on the project's wiki.[9] As of mid 2008, Sugar is available on the Debian, Ubuntu, and Fedora distributions of Linux, e.g., as of Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron), Sugar can be installed from the official Ubuntu universe repositories.[10] As of mid 2009, openSUSE[11] and other GNU/Linux distributions are also supporting Sugar.[9] Sugar 0.82.1 was included in the OLPC system software release 8.2.0 for XO-1 laptops.[12] Sugar 0.86 was released on September 30, 2009.[13] Sugar 0.88 was released on March 31, 2010.[14] Sugar 0.90.0 was released in October, 2010.[15] Three releases occurred in 2011 and one in June 2012, which included support for the ARM architecture on the XO 1.75. Builds for OLPC XO laptops and the release schedule are available at OS releases.

Sugar on a Stick

It is available as a USB-bootable Linux distribution ("Sugar on a Stick"[16]) and as software components forming an installable additional desktop environment for most Linux distributions.[3] It can be installed using the Fedora Live USB Creator, which now features the option to download the latest release of Sugar on a Stick. And it can be installed onto a computer hard disk using the liveinst command from a Sugar Terminal or console.

On June 23, 2009, Sugar Labs announced the availability of Sugar on a Stick v1 Strawberry. Available free for download at www.sugarlabs.org, Sugar on a Stick can be loaded onto an ordinary 1 GB USB flash drive and used to reboot any PC or netbook directly into the Sugar environment.[3][17] On July 23, 2009, Recycle USB.com went live with a program to reflash used USB keys with the Sugar software and donate them to schools.[18] On December 8, 2009, Sugar Labs announced the availability of Sugar on a Stick v2 Blueberry, which incorporates Sugar Release 0.86 and Fedora 11.[19] Sugar Labs announced the availability of Sugar on a Stick v3 Mirabelle, which incorporates Sugar Release 0.88 and Fedora 13.[20] Since Mirabelle, Sugar on a Stick has been a regular, semi-annual, Fedora Spin (official special-purpose version of Fedora),[21] the latest being v7 Quandong on Fedora 17, announced on 05 June 2012.[22]

XO-1 Usage

The OLPC XO-1 has a 1 GB NAND flash drive and 256 MB of memory. Because the flash-based hard drive is small, swap can only be added by using an SD card or a network block device.[23]

When past Fedora Linux-based Sugar distributions are being run on the OLPC XO-1, it is suggested that users not open too many activities at once or they may experience low memory or processor load related performance decreases.[24]

Screenshots

  • Sugar Home View

  • Neighborhood

  • Sugar Home View from pre-0.82 releases

  • Sugar "Friends" View

  • Sugar Pippy activity view.

  • Sugar Home View with Frame from pre-0.82 releases

  • Sugar View Source

  • Sugar Journal

See also

Portal iconFree software portal

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Sugar Labs Features". http://www.sugarlabs.org/index.php?te mplate=page&page=about_features. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  2. ^ "Alexa". http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/sugarla bs.org. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d Paul, Ryan (2009-06-26). "Sugar on a Stick brings sweet taste of Linux to classrooms". Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/open-source/ne ws/2009/06/sugar-on-a-stick-brings-sw eet-taste-of-linux-to-classrooms.ars. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
  4. ^ "Sugar Labs Overview". http://www.sugarlabs.org/index.php?te mplate=page&page=about_overview. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Sugar commit counts". Ohloh. http://www.ohloh.net/p/sugar/contribu tors. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  6. ^ "Human Interface Guidelines/Design Fundamentals/Key Design Principles". Wiki.sugarlabs.org. 2009-09-15. http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Human_In terface_Guidelines/Design_Fundamental s/Key_Design_Principles#Key_Design_Pr inciples. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  7. ^ "Human Interface Guidelines/Design Fundamentals/Key Design Principles". Wiki.sugarlabs.org. 2009-09-15. http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Human_In terface_Guidelines/Design_Fundamental s/Key_Design_Principles. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  8. ^ "some more sugar notes | Christopher Blizzard". 0xdeadbeef.com. 2006-05-23. http://www.0xdeadbeef.com/weblog/?p=2 00. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  9. ^ a b "Downloads". Wiki.sugarlabs.org. 2012-04-14. http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Download s. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  10. ^ Sugar on Ubuntu Linux - OLPC
  11. ^ Sugar - openSUSE, http://en.opensuse.org/Sugar, retrieved 2009-07-31
  12. ^ "API changes - OLPC". Wiki.laptop.org. http://wiki.laptop.org/go/API_changes #XO_Software_Release_8.2.0. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  13. ^ "[ANNOUNCE] Sucrose 0.86.0 Final Release". http://lists.sugarlabs.org/archive/su gar-devel/2009-September/019928.html. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  14. ^ "[ANNOUNCE] Sugar 0.88.0 stable release in Fedora 13 and testing of daily images". http://lists.sugarlabs.org/archive/su gar-devel/2010-March/023204.html. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  15. ^ Robert Burderi. "One Ecosystem Per Child". xconomy. Retrieved 2010-10-05. 
  16. ^ "Sugar on a Stick". Wiki.sugarlabs.org. http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_on _a_Stick. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  17. ^ $100 Laptop Becomes a $5 PC, Technology Review, 2009-06-24, http://www.technologyreview.com/compu ting/22919/
  18. ^ RecycleUSB.com - Donate your Flash Drives for a Good Cause, Everything USB, 2009-07-23, http://www.everythingusb.com/recycle- usb-17077.html
  19. ^ New Sugar on a Stick Brings Much Needed Improvements, Wired, 2009-12-09, http://www.wired.com/geekdad/2009/12/ new-sugar-on-a-stick-brings-much-need ed-improvements
  20. ^ Sugar on a Stick gets sweeter with Fedora Linux, Internet News, 2010-05-28, http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/ 2010/05/sugar-on-a-stick-mirabelle-ge t.html
  21. ^ Fedora Sugar Spin, http://spins.fedoraproject.org/soas/
  22. ^ Sugar on a Stick 7 Quandong, http://www.mail-archive.com/soas@list s.sugarlabs.org/msg02429.html
  23. ^ "Swap - OLPC". Wiki.laptop.org. http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Swap. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  24. ^ "Release notes/8.2.0 - OLPC". Wiki.laptop.org. http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Release_not es/8.2.0#Notable_open_bugs_in_this_re lease. Retrieved 2012-05-20.

External links

Media

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