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Compiz

Compiz
Compiz logo
Fedora-Core-6-AIGLX.png
Screenshot showing the Cube plugin for Compiz on Fedora.
Developer(s)David Reveman, Sam Spilsbury, Danny Baumann, Dennis Kasprzyk, Daniel van Vugt, Canonical employees[1]
Initial release2006
Stable release0.9.9.0[2] / January 24, 2013; 2 months ago (2013-01-24)[2]
Preview release0.9.9[2]
Written inC, C++
Operating systemUnix-like
TypeWindow manager
LicenseGPL, core: MIT license
Websitelaunchpad.net/compiz

Compiz (pronunciation: /kɑːmpɪz/) is a compositing window manager for the X Window System, using 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. Effects, such as a minimization animation or a cube workspace, are implemented as loadable plugins. Because it conforms to the ICCCM standard, Compiz can be used as a substitute for the default Mutter or Metacity, when using GNOME Panel, or KWin in KDE Plasma Workspaces. Internally Compiz uses the OpenGL library as the interface to the graphics hardware.

Contents

Hardware requirements

Initially, Compiz only worked with 3D hardware supported by Xgl. Most NVIDIA and ATI graphics cards are known to work with Compiz on Xgl. Since May 22, 2006 Compiz works on the standard X.Org Server, by using AIGLX. Besides Intel GMA graphics cards, AIGLX also supports using AMD graphics cards (including R300 and newer cards) using the open-source radeon driver which supports GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap since fall 2006.

NVIDIA's binary drivers (since Version 1.0-9629[3]) support GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap on standard X.Org server.
ATI/AMD's binary drivers do since version 8.42.[4]

History

The first version of Compiz was released as free software by Novell (SUSE) in January 2006 in the wake of the (also new) Xgl. It was one of the earliest compositing window managers for X.

In March 2006 Compiz was ported to AIGLX by Red Hat.[5]

Beryl

Beryl was the project name for the quinnstorm branch of Compiz, announced on 19 September 2006 after Compiz developer Quinn Storm and the development team decided that the fork had come too far from the original Compiz started by Novell (compiz-vanilla). After the Novell XGL/Compiz team (mostly David Reveman) refused the proposition to merge the Quinnstorm changes with compiz-vanilla, the decision was made to make a real differentiation.[6]

Among the differences to Compiz, Beryl had a new window decorator named Emerald based on cgwd along with a theme manager called emerald-theme-manager, used a flat file backend instead of gconf, and had no GNOME dependencies.

Merge of the Compiz and Beryl communities

On March 30, 2007, discussions between the Beryl and Compiz communities led to a merger of the two communities which results in two new software packages:

  • Compiz, (also Compiz-core) which contains only the core functionality of Compiz and base plugins
  • Compiz Fusion,[7] consisting of the plugins, decorators, settings tools and related applications from the Beryl and Compiz communities. Compiz Fusion concentrates on installation, configuration and additional plugins to add to the core functionalities of Compiz.

Outcomes include plans to fund a code review panel consisting of the best developers from each community who will see that any code included in a release package meets the highest standards and is suitable for distribution in an officially supported package.[8][9][10]

Further branches

In the fourth quarter of 2008, two separate branches of Compiz were created: compiz++ and NOMAD; compiz++ was geared toward the separation of compositing and OpenGL layers for the rendering of the window manager without compositing effects, and the port from C to C++ programming language.[11] NOMAD was geared towards the improvement of remote desktop performance for Compiz installations.[12]

Merge of the Compiz branches

On February 2, 2009 a conference call was held between developers of Compiz, Compiz++, NOMAD and Compiz Fusion where it was decided to merge the projects together into a unified project, simply named Compiz, with a unified roadmap.[13][14][15]

Compiz 0.9 series

On July 4, 2010, Sam Spilsbury, lead Compiz developer, announced the release of Compiz 0.9.0 with a new API, rewritten in C++.[16]

Canonical Ltd. hired Spilsbury to further develop Compiz for Ubuntu in October 2010.[17] Since then Compiz development mostly coincides with Ubuntu development. Main development moved to Canonical’s Launchpad service.[18] The 0.9.x versions up to 0.9.5 were seen as unstable/beta software.[19] With version 0.9.6 in progress, Canonical hired developer Daniel van Vugt to work on Compiz full-time. While 0.9.6 never officially released,[20] Compiz 0.9.7.0 was released a month ahead of enterprise-targeted Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Long Term Support) and declared stable.[21] A few days before the official release of Ubuntu 12.04 a new development branch, 0.9.8, was created[22] in preparation for Ubuntu 12.10.[23] For Compiz version 0.9.8 development has moved to a new Launchpad page.[24]

In November 2012 Spilsbury announced that he left Canonical.[25] A month later he wrote that he has no plans porting Compiz to Wayland, although he is “still as committed as ever to maintaining compiz in its current form.”[26]

Features

Shift Switcher plugin

Almost all available Compiz features – except translucency, dimming, and desaturation – are put into plugins.

Compiz plugins include the famous cube effect, Alt-Tab application-switching with live previews or icons, and a feature similar to Mac OS X's Mission Control. The Composite extension to X is used, as is the OpenGL extension GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap.[27]

The Compiz project categorizes the plugins into four main groups: Main,[28] Extra,[29] Unsupported,[30] and Experimental.[31]

Compiz uses small programs called decorators which draw the window borders with the usual minimize, maximize and close buttons. Compiz provides three window decorators.

  • gtk-window-decorator uses either a basic cairo-based rendering engine or can use Metacity themes.[32]
  • kde-window-decorator uses native KWin themes.[32]
  • Emerald, a custom decorator with its own theme format that has been ported to Compiz.[32] It used to be Beryl’s default decorator.

Deployments

Compiz or Beryl have usually been deployed on Linux and other X11-based Unix-like platforms together with GNOME 2.x and KDE’s K Desktop Environment 3. Since version 4.2, however, KDE’s own KWin ships with capabilities similar to Compiz.[33] As such, KWin is usually deployed by default.

Since version 3.0 GNOME defaults to GNOME Shell which is built as a plugin to the Mutter compositing window manager.[34] This means Compiz cannot be used in conjunction with GNOME Shell.[35] As a result distributors usually no longer configure GNOME to use Compiz by default: openSUSE ships GNOME Shell as default GNOME environment since version 12.1,[36] Fedora since version 15.[37] Fedora even completely deprecated Compiz from Fedora 17 onward.[38][39]

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS and later included Compiz in the universe apt repository. A limited version was included by default as “Desktop Effects” in Ubuntu 7.04. Since Ubuntu 7.10, Compiz Fusion is enabled by default.[40] Unlike other GNOME-centric distributors, Canonical has not adopted GNOME Shell and has instead developed Unity as a new user interface, which is written as a plugin for Compiz.[41][42]

See also

Portal iconFree software portal

External links

References

  1. ^ "“Compiz Maintainers” team". Launchpad.net. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  2. ^ a b c "Compiz in Launchpad". Retrieved 24-01-2013. 
  3. ^ "Linux Display Driver". Nvidia. 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  4. ^ "AMD Proprietary Linux Release Notes". ATI. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
  5. ^ http://www.osnews.com/story/13894
  6. ^ "Compiz Forked: Beryl". Retrieved 2012-01-06. 
  7. ^ Sam Spilsbury (2007-06-20). "And the New Name is……". Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  8. ^ Storm, Quinn. "[beryl-dev] Merge On (details still to be decided)". Retrieved 2007-03-23. 
  9. ^ Carr, Robert. "[beryl-dev] Beryl and Compiz Merge: What's actually going on?". Retrieved 2007-03-25. 
  10. ^ Laramie, Jeffrey. "[compiz] Compiz and Beryl are Reuniting". Retrieved 2007-04-04. 
  11. ^ Compiz feature branch compiz++, Dennis "onestone" Kasprzyk, Wed Dec 24 04:48:17 PST 2008
  12. ^ "NOMAD home page". openSUSE.org. 2010-04-28. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  13. ^ "Compiz Reorganises, Reaches Consensus Within Community". Retrieved 2012-01-06. 
  14. ^ Lyngstøl, Kristian. "The Future of Compiz – Take two". Retrieved 2010-04-19. 
  15. ^ Lyngstøl, Kristian. "Announcement: Creation of the Compiz Council and the road ahead". Retrieved 2009-02-04. 
  16. ^ Sam Spilsbury. "[compiz] Compiz 0.9.2 is released!". lists.freedesktop.org. Retrieved 02010-10-24October 24, 2010. 
  17. ^ Sam Spilsbury (02010-11-25November 25, 2010). "A bright new future for Compiz". "…I was also hired by Canonical Ltd.…" 
  18. ^ "Compiz Core in Launchpad". Launchpad.net. Retrieved 02012-05-13May 13, 2012. 
  19. ^ Sam Spilsbury (02012-05-13May 13, 2012). "Compiz Home". "The latest stable release of Compiz is 0.8.8. A C++ rewrite has been announced on 24th December 2009 and is now released as a beta version (0.9.5.x)." 
  20. ^ "0.9.7.0: Compiz Core". Launchpad.net. 02012-03-02March 2, 2012. Retrieved 02012-05-13May 13, 2012. 
  21. ^ "Compiz Core – Series 0.9.7". Launchpad.net. Retrieved 02012-05-12May 12, 2012. 
  22. ^ https://launchpad.net/compiz-core/0.9 .8/+rdf
  23. ^ "Compiz 0.9.8 series". Launchpad.net. Retrieved 02012-08-28August 28, 2012. 
  24. ^ "Compiz in Launchpad". Launchpad.net. Retrieved 02012-05-23May 23, 2012. 
  25. ^ Sam Spilsbury (02012-11-16November 16, 2012). "The next chapter". "Today was my last day at Canonical." 
  26. ^ Sam Spilsbury (24 December 2012). "Sideways". Retrieved 30 December 2012. 
  27. ^ http://www.opengl.org/registry/specs/ EXT/texture_from_pixmap.txt
  28. ^ "PluginsMain - Compiz Wiki". Wiki.compiz.org. 2008-03-30. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  29. ^ "PluginsExtra - Compiz Wiki". Wiki.compiz.org. 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  30. ^ "PluginsUnsupported - Compiz Wiki". Wiki.compiz.org. 2008-03-30. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  31. ^ "OtherPlugins - Compiz Wiki". Wiki.compiz.org. 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  32. ^ a b c "Decorators/GTKWindowDecorator - Compiz Wiki". Wiki.compiz.org. 2008-09-23. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  33. ^ "4.2.0 Release Announcement". KDE. 2009-01-27. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
  34. ^ Taylor, Owen (2009-03-23). "Metacity, Mutter, GNOME Shell, GNOME-2.28". desktop-devel-list mailing list. http://mail.gnome.org/archives/deskto p-devel-list/2009-March/msg00106.html. "gnome-shell is set up as a Mutter plugin that is largely written in JavaScript"
  35. ^ "Tech News: Compiz vs Gnome Shell". Martin-white.blogspot.de. 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  36. ^ "openSUSE 12.1 portal". openSUSE.org. 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  37. ^ "Features/Gnome3". FedoraProject. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  38. ^ "[Phoronix] Compiz Is Likely To Get The Boot From Fedora 17". Phoronix.com. 2012-02-03. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  39. ^ "Fedora Package Database - compiz". Admin.fedoraproject.org. Retrieved 2012-05-12. 
  40. ^ ArsTechnica: Ubuntu Technical Board votes on Compiz for Ubuntu 7.10
  41. ^ fluteflute (2010-11-13). "Is unity just a plugin of compiz". "The version of Unity that will be released in 11.04 is definitely implemented as plugin(s) in Compiz." 
  42. ^ Andrew (2010-10-25). "Unity To Use Compiz instead of Mutter – Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal News". Webupd8.org. Retrieved 2012-03-30. 
(Sebelumnya) Compiled languageComplement (set theory) (Berikutnya)