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systemd

systemd
Original author(s)Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers
Developer(s)Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers and others[1]
Initial release30 March 2010 (2010-03-30)
Stable release200 / 29 March 2013; 1 day ago (2013-03-29)
Written inC[2]
Operating systemLinux
Size~2.5 MB
TypeInit daemon
LicenseGNU LGPL 2.1+ (free software)[3]
Websitefreedesktop.org/.../systemd/

systemd is a replacement for the Linux init daemon (either System V or BSD-style). It is intended to provide a better framework for expressing services' dependencies, allow more work to be done in parallel (concurrently) at system startup, and to reduce shell overhead. The name comes from the Unix convention of suffixing the names of system daemons (background processes) with the letter "d".[4]

systemd is maintained by Lennart Poettering and Kay Sievers, with many other contributors.[1] It is published as free software under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 or later.[3]

Contents

Design

Some features of systemd are:

  • it provides aggressive parallelization capabilities.
  • Offers on-demand starting of daemons.
  • Service startup is determined by a configuration file in a declarative language, rather than a shell script for each service.
  • Supports Sockets[disambiguation needed] and D-Bus activation for starting services.
  • Supports snapshotting and restoring of the system state
  • keeps track of processes using Linux cgroups, instead of PIDs. This means that daemons cannot "escape" systemd even by double-forking.
  • Support for trigger system events at a calendar-based time rather than specifying it in relative or repeating time intervals.

In April 2012, the official udev source tree was merged into systemd.[5]

Adoption

Distributions in which systemd is enabled by default:

Distributions where systemd is available, but not enabled by default:

Inclusion in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is also planned.[19]

systemd has been proposed as an external dependency of GNOME 3.2 by systemd's author.[20] The latest decision by the GNOME release team concludes that basic functionality should not rely upon systemd.[21]

See also

Portal iconFree software portal
  • launchd
  • Service Management Facility
  • Upstart
  • OpenRC

References

  1. ^ a b "README", systemd (freedesktop.org), http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/s ystemd/tree/README, retrieved 2012-09-09
  2. ^ "systemd", Analysis Summary (Ohloh), http://www.ohloh.net/p/systemd, retrieved 2011-06-16
  3. ^ a b Lennart Poettering (2012-04-21), systemd Status Update, http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/syst emd-update-3.html, retrieved 2012-04-28
  4. ^ Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers, Thorsten Leemhuis (2012-05-08), Control Centre: The systemd Linux init system, The H, http://h-online.com/-1565543, retrieved 2012-09-09
  5. ^ Sievers, Kay, "Commit importing udev into systemd", systemd (freedesktop.org), http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/s ystemd/commit/?id=19c5f19d69bb5f520fa 7213239490c55de06d99d, retrieved 25 May 2012
  6. ^ Dj Walker-Morgan (2011-05-24), Fedora 15's Lovelock released, The H, http://h-online.com/-1249820, retrieved 2012-08-22
  7. ^ Phayz (2012-01-17), Review of 2011, Frugalware Project, http://frugalware.org/news/223, retrieved 2012-08-22
  8. ^ Fabian Scherschel (2012-05-23), Mageia 2 arrives with GNOME 3 and systemd, The H, http://h-online.com/-1582479, retrieved 2012-08-22
  9. ^ Dj Walker-Morgan (2011-08-29), Mandriva 2011 arrives with systemd, The H, http://h-online.com/-1332627, retrieved 2012-08-22
  10. ^ Chris von Eitzen (2011-11-16), openSUSE 12.1 arrives with systemd and Btrfs, The H, http://h-online.com/-1380033, retrieved 2012-08-22
  11. ^ systemd is now the default on new installations, Arch Linux News, 2012-10-13, https://www.archlinux.org/news/system d-is-now-the-default-on-new-installat ions/, retrieved 2012-10-29
  12. ^ Full switch to Systemd with Claire-2012.10 ISO released today, Chakra News, 2012-10-28, http://chakra-linux.org/news/index.ph p?/archives/77-Full-switch-to-Systemd -with-Claire-2012.10-ISO-released-tod ay.html/, retrieved 2013-02-07
  13. ^ Systemd branch merged, NixOS News, 2013-01-21, http://lists.science.uu.nl/pipermail/ nix-dev/2013-January/010482.html/, retrieved 2013-02-07
  14. ^ systemd, Debian wiki, http://wiki.debian.org/systemd, retrieved 2011-07-21
  15. ^ Jake Edge (2011-07-27), Debian debates systemd, LWN.net, https://lwn.net/Articles/452865/
  16. ^ "Comment #210", systemd – bug #318365 (Gentoo's Bugzilla), https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi? id=318365#c210, retrieved 2011-07-05
  17. ^ systemd, Gentoo's Documentation, http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/base/sy stemd/, retrieved 2011-07-05
  18. ^ systemd, Gentoo wiki, http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Systemd, retrieved 2012-08-26
  19. ^ Tim Burke (2012-06-27), "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Roadmap Highlights" (PDF), presentation, http://rhsummit.files.wordpress.com/2 012/03/burke_rhel_roadmap.pdf
  20. ^ Lennart Poettering (2011-05-18), "systemd as an external dependency", desktop-devel mailing list (GNOME), http://mail.gnome.org/archives/deskto p-devel-list/2011-May/msg00427.html, retrieved 2011-05-26
  21. ^ Frederic Peters (2011-11-04), "20121104 meeting minutes", release-team mailing list (GNOME), https://mail.gnome.org/archives/relea se-team/2012-November/msg00015.html, retrieved 2013-01-14

External links

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