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Daftar/Tabel -- Ubuntu releases

Main article: Ubuntu (operating system)
Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzal

Ubuntu releases are made semiannually by Canonical Ltd, the developers of the Ubuntu operating system, using the year and month of the release as a version number. The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on 20 October 2004.[1][2] Consequently, version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is delayed until a different month to that planned, the version number changes accordingly.[3]

Ubuntu releases are timed to be approximately one month after GNOME releases, which are in turn about one month after releases of X.Org, resulting in each Ubuntu release including a newer version of GNOME and X.[4][5][6]

Every fourth release, in the second quarter of even-numbered years, has been designated as a Long Term Support (LTS) release, indicating that they are supported and receive updates for five years, with paid technical support also available from Canonical Ltd. However the desktop version of LTS releases before 12.04 were supported for only three years. Releases 6.06, 8.04, 10.04 and 12.04 are the LTS releases.[7] Non-LTS releases have typically been supported for 18 months, and to date have always been supported until at least the date of the next LTS release. Therefore, users who have a non-LTS release can still safely set the Update Manager to notify about "LTS releases only" if they wish.

Contents

Naming convention

Ubuntu releases are also given code names, using an adjective and an animal with the same first letter (e.g. Dapper Drake). With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer. Names are occasionally chosen so that animal appearance or habits reflects some new feature (Koala's favourite leaf is Eucalyptus).see Jackalope and Koala reference Ubuntu releases are often referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name (e.g. Feisty).[8]

Release history

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog), released on 20 October 2004, was Canonical's first release of Ubuntu, building upon Debian, with plans for a new release every six months and eighteen months of support thereafter.[2] Ubuntu 4.10's support ended on 30 April 2006.[9] Ubuntu 4.10 was offered as a free download and, through Canonical's ShipIt [10] service, was also mailed to users free of charge in CD format.[11]

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog), released on 8 April 2005,[12][13] was Canonical's second release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.04's support ended on 31 October 2006.[14] Ubuntu 5.04 added many new features including an update manager,[15] upgrade notifier, readahead and grepmap, suspend, hibernate and standby support, dynamic frequency scaling for processors, ubuntu hardware database, Kickstart installation, and APT authentication.[16][17] Ubuntu 5.04 allowed installation from USB devices. Ubuntu 5.04 used UTF-8 by default.

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger), released on 12 October 2005,[18][19] was Canonical's third release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.10's support ended on 13 April 2007.[20] Ubuntu 5.10 added several new features including a graphical bootloader (Usplash), an Add/Remove Applications tool,[21] a menu editor (alacarte), an easy language selector, logical volume management support, full Hewlett-Packard printer support, OEM installer support, a new Ubuntu logo in the top-left, and Launchpad integration for bug reporting and software development.[22]

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake)

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake), released on 1 June 2006,[23][24][25] was Canonical's fourth release, and the first Long Term Support (LTS) release. Ubuntu 6.06 was released behind schedule, having been intended as 6.04. Development was not complete in April 2006 and Mark Shuttleworth approved slipping the release date to June, making it 6.06 instead.[26]

Ubuntu 6.06's support ended on 14 July 2009 for desktops and ended in June 2011 for servers.[27] Ubuntu 6.06 included several new features, including having the Live CD and Install CD merged onto one disc,[28] a graphical installer on Live CD (Ubiquity), Usplash on shutdown as well as startup, a network manager for easy switching of multiple wired and wireless connections, Humanlooks theme implemented using Tango guidelines, based on Clearlooks and featuring orange colors instead of brown, and GDebi graphical installer for package files.[29][30] Ubuntu 6.06 did not include a means to install from a USB device, but did for the first time allow installation directly onto removable USB devices.

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft), released on 26 October 2006,[31][32][33] was Canonical's fifth release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 6.10's support ended on 25 April 2008.[34][35] Ubuntu 6.10 added several new features including a heavily modified Human theme, Upstart init daemon, automated crash reports (Apport), Tomboy note taking application, and F-Spot photo manager. EasyUbuntu, a third party program designed to make Ubuntu easier to use, was included in Ubuntu 6.10 as a meta-package.[36]

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn), released on 19 April 2007,[37][38][39] was Canonical's sixth release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 7.04's support ended on 19 October 2008.[40] Ubuntu 7.04 included several new features, among them a migration assistant to help former Microsoft Windows users transition to Ubuntu, support for Kernel-based Virtual Machine, assisted codec and restricted drivers installation including Adobe Flash, Java, MP3 support, easier installation of Nvidia and ATI drivers, Compiz desktop effects, support for Wi-Fi Protected Access, the addition of Sudoku and chess, a disk usage analyzer (baobab), GNOME Control Center, and Zeroconf support for many devices.[16][41] Ubuntu 7.04 dropped support for PowerPC architecture.

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), released on 18 October 2007,[42][43][44] was Canonical's seventh release of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 7.10's support ended on 18 April 2009.[45][46] Ubuntu 7.10 included several new features, among them AppArmor security framework,[47] fast desktop search,[48] a Firefox plug-in manager (Ubufox),[49] a graphical configuration tool for X.Org, full NTFS support (read/write) via NTFS-3G, and a revamped printing system with PDF printing by default.[49] Compiz Fusion was enabled as default in Ubuntu 7.10[50] and Fast user switching was added.[48]

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)

Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)

Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron), released on 24 April 2008,[51][52][53] was Canonical's eighth release of Ubuntu and the second Long Term Support (LTS) release.[54][55] Ubuntu 8.04's support ended on 12 May 2011 for desktops[56] and will end in April 2013 for servers. Ubuntu 8.04 included several new features, among them Tracker desktop search integration,[57] Brasero disk burner,[58] Transmission BitTorrent client,[58] Vinagre VNC client,[58] system sound through PulseAudio,[59] and Active Directory authentication and login using Likewise Open.[60] In addition Ubuntu 8.04 included updates for better Tango compliance,[61] various Compiz usability improvements, automatic grabbing and releasing of the mouse cursor when running on a VMware virtual machine, and an easier method to remove Ubuntu. Ubuntu 8.04 was the first version of Ubuntu to include the Wubi installer on the Live CD that allows Ubuntu to be installed as a single file on a Windows hard drive without the need to repartition the disk. The first version of the Ubuntu Netbook Remix was also introduced.[62]

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex). The default wallpaper depicts an Ibex, with its large curved horns.

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex), released on 30 October 2008,[63][64] was Canonical's ninth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 30 April 2010.[65] Ubuntu 8.10 introduced several new features including improvements to mobile computing and desktop scalability, increased flexibility for Internet connectivity, an Ubuntu Live USB creator and a guest account,[66] which allowed others to use a computer allowing very limited user rights (e.g. accessing the Internet, using software and checking e-mail).[67] The guest account had its own home folder and nothing done on it was stored permanently on the computer's hard disk.[68] Intrepid Ibex also included an encrypted private directory for users,[69] the inclusion of Dynamic Kernel Module Support, a tool that allows kernel drivers to be automatically rebuilt when new kernels are released and support for creating USB flash drive images.[16][70]

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope), released on 23 April 2009,[71] was Canonical's tenth release of Ubuntu. Support ended on 23 October 2010.[72] New features included faster boot time,[73] integration of web services and applications into the desktop interface. Because of that, they named it after mythical animal Jackalope.[74] So far it is the only release named after a mythical animal. It had a new usplash screen, a new login screen and also support for both Wacom (hotplugging) and netbooks.[73] It also included a new notification system, Notify OSD,[75] and themes. It marked the first time that all of Ubuntu's core development moved to the Bazaar distributed revision control system.[76][77]

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala), released on 29 October 2009,[78] was Canonical's 11th release of Ubuntu. It was supported until April 2011.[79][80]

In an announcement to the community on 20 February 2009, Mark Shuttleworth explained that 9.10 would focus on improvements in cloud computing on the server using Eucalyptus, saying "...a Koala's favourite leaf is Eucalyptus",[81] as well as further improvements in boot speed and development of the Netbook Remix.[82]

The initial announcement of version 9.10 indicated that this release might include a new theme, however the project was moved forward to 10.04,[82][83] and only minor revisions were made to the default theme. Other graphical improvements included a new set of boot up and shutdown splash screens, a new login screen that transitions seamlessly into the desktop and greatly improved performance on Intel graphics chipsets.

In June 2009 Canonical created the One Hundred Paper Cuts project, focusing developers to fix minor usability issues. A "paper cut" was defined as: "a trivially fixable usability bug that the average user would encounter on his/her first day of using a brand new installation of the latest version of Ubuntu Desktop Edition."[84]

The desktop installation of Ubuntu 9.10 replaced Pidgin with Empathy Instant Messenger as its default instant messaging client.[85] The default filesystem is ext4, and the Ubuntu One client, which interfaces with Canonical's new online storage system, is installed by default.[86] It introduced USB 3.0 support and Grub 2 beta as default bootloader.[87] It also debuted a new application called the Ubuntu Software Center that unifies package management. Canonical stated their intention for this application to replace Add/Remove Programs (gnome-app-install) in 9.10 and possibly Synaptic, Software Sources, Gdebi and Update Manager in Ubuntu 10.04.[88] Karmic Koala also includes a slideshow during the installation process (through ubiquity-slideshow) that highlights applications and features in Ubuntu.

Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)

Shuttleworth first announced Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)[8] on 19 September 2009 at the Atlanta Linux Fest; Canonical released it on 29 April 2010.[89][90] It is Canonical's 12th release of Ubuntu and the third LTS release. Canonical intends to provide support for Ubuntu 10.04 until April 2013 for the desktop version, and until April 2015 for the server version. The same dates apply to Kubuntu 10.04, which is built on KDE.

The new release includes, among other things, improved support for Nvidia proprietary graphics drivers, while switching to the open source Nvidia graphics driver, Nouveau, by default. Plymouth was also introduced allowing boot animations.[91][92][93]

GIMP was removed from the Lucid installation CD due to its professional-grade complexity and its file size. F-Spot provides normal user-level graphics-editing capabilities and GIMP remains available for download in the repositories.[94]

The distribution emphasizes the new importance of web services and social networking with integrated interfaces for posting to sites like Facebook and Twitter, complementing the IM and email integration already in Ubuntu.

On 4 March 2010, it was announced that Lucid Lynx would feature a new theme, including new logos, taking Ubuntu's new visual style[95] into account:

The new style in Ubuntu is inspired by the idea of "Light".

We're drawn to Light because it denotes both warmth and clarity, and intrigued by the idea that "light" is a good value in software. Good software is "light" in the sense that it uses your resources efficiently, runs quickly, and can easily be reshaped as needed. Ubuntu represents a break with the bloatware of proprietary operating systems and an opportunity to delight to those who use computers for work and play. More and more of our communications are powered by light, and in future, our processing power will depend on our ability to work with light, too.

Visually, light is beautiful, light is ethereal, light brings clarity and comfort.

Historical perspective: From 2004–2010, the theme in Ubuntu was "Human". Our tagline was "Linux for Human Beings" and we used a palette reflective of the full range of humanity. Our focus as a project was bringing Linux from the data center into the lives of our friends and global family.

Critical responses to the new theme have been mixed. Ars Technica's Ryan Paul said "The new themes and updated color palette are nice improvement for Ubuntu... After testing the new theme for several hours, I feel like it's a step forward, but it still falls a bit short of my expectations." Paul also noted that the most controversial aspect of the new design amongst users has been the placement of the window control buttons on the left instead of the right side of the windows.[96][97] TechSource's Jun Auza expressed concern that the new theme is too close to that used by Apple's Mac OS X: "I think Ubuntu is having an identity crisis right now and should seriously consider changing several things in terms of look and feel to avoid being branded as a Mac OS X rip-off, or worse, get sued by Apple." Auza also summarized Ubuntu user feedback: "I believe the fans are divided right now. Some have learned to love the brown color scheme since it uniquely represents Ubuntu, while others wanted change."[98]

The first point release, 10.04.1, was made available on 17 August 2010,[99] and the second update, 10.04.2, was released on 17 February 2011.[100] The third update, 10.04.3, was released on 21 July 2011,[101] and the fourth and final update, 10.04.4, was released on 16 February 2012.

Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

The naming of Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat) was announced by Mark Shuttleworth on 2 April 2010, along with the release's goals of improving the netbook experience and a server focus on hybrid cloud computing. Ubuntu 10.10 was released on 10 October 2010 (10.10.10) at around 10:10 UTC.[102][103][104][105][106] This is a departure from the traditional schedule of releasing at the end of October to get "the perfect 10",[107] and a playful reference to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, since, in binary, 101010 is equal to the number 42, the "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything" within the series.[108] It was Canonical's 13th release of Ubuntu. New features included the new Unity interface for the Netbook Edition, a new default photo manager, Shotwell, replacing F-Spot, the ability to purchase applications in the Software Center, and an official Ubuntu font used by default.[109] Support of Ubuntu Maverick Meerkat 10.10 was officially dropped on 10 April 2012.[110]

Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)

Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop (Natty Narwhal) using Unity.

The naming of Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) was announced on 17 August 2010 by Mark Shuttleworth.[111] Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal was released on 28 April 2011.[112] It is Canonical's 14th release of Ubuntu.

Ubuntu 11.04 used the Unity user interface instead of GNOME Shell as default. The move to Unity was controversial as some GNOME developers feared it would fracture the community and marginalize GNOME Shell.[113][114] The GNOME desktop environment is still available in Ubuntu 11.04 under the title Ubuntu Classic as a fallback to Unity.

Ubuntu 11.04 employed Banshee as the default music player, replacing Rhythmbox. Other new applications included Mozilla Firefox 4 and LibreOffice, which replaced OpenOffice.org.[115][116][117] The OpenStack cloud computing platform was added in this release.[118][119]

Starting with Ubuntu 11.04, the Ubuntu Netbook Edition was merged into the desktop edition.[120]

In reviewing Ubuntu 11.04 upon its stable release, Ryan Paul of Ars Technica said "There is a lot to like in Ubuntu 11.04, but also a lot of room for improvement." Jesse Smith of Distrowatch said "I'm of the opinion there are good features in this release, but 11.04 definitely suffered from being rushed out the door while it was still beta quality. Ubuntu aims to be novice-friendly, but this release is buggy and I think they missed the mark this time around. I'm limiting my recommendation of 11.04 to people who want to play with an early release of Unity."[121][122]

Support for Ubuntu 11.04 officially ended on 28 October 2012.[123]

Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)

Ubuntu 11.10 final release (13 October 2011) running Unity 4.22.0

The naming of Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) was announced on 7 March 2011 by Mark Shuttleworth. He explained that Oneiric means "dreamy".[124] Ubuntu 11.10 was released on schedule on 13 October 2011 and is Canonical's 15th release of Ubuntu.[125]

In April 2011 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 11.10 would not include the classic GNOME desktop as a fall back to Unity, unlike Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal. Instead, 11.10 will include a 2D version of Unity as a fallback for computers that lack the hardware resources for the Compiz-based 3D version. However, the classic GNOME desktop remains available as a fallback in Ubuntu 11.10 through a package in the Ubuntu repositories.[126] Shuttleworth also confirmed that Unity in Ubuntu 11.10 will run as a shell for GNOME 3 on top of GNOME 3 libraries, unlike in Ubuntu 11.04 where it ran as a shell for GNOME 2. Moreover, users will also be able to install the entire GNOME 3 stack along with GNOME Shell directly from the Ubuntu repositories, to be presented with a "GNOME 3 desktop" choice at login.[127] During the development cycle, there also have been many changes to Unity, including the placement of the Ubuntu button on the Launcher instead of on the Panel, the autohiding of the window controls (and the global menu) of maximized windows, the introduction of more transparency into the Dash (and the Panel if the Dash is opened), and the introduction of window controls for the Dash.[128]

In May 2011 it was announced that PiTiVi would be no longer part of the Ubuntu ISO, starting with Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot. The reasons given for removing it included poor user reception, lack of fit with the default user-case for Ubuntu, lack of polish and the application's lack of development maturity. PiTiVi will not be replaced on the ISO with another video editor. Other changes include removing Computer Janitor, as it caused broken systems for users, and the removal of the Synaptic package manager, which can optionally be installed via the Ubuntu Software Center. Déjà Dup has been added as Ubuntu's backup program.[129] Mozilla Thunderbird has replaced the Evolution email client. All removed applications will remain available to users for installation from the Ubuntu Software Center and repositories.[130][131][132][133]

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS desktop

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) is the current Ubuntu Long Term Support (LTS) release, made available on schedule on 26 April 2012.[134] Ubuntu 12.04 is Canonical's 16th release of Ubuntu and its fourth long term support version.[135] The name for the release was announced by Shuttleworth on 5 October 2011 and is named after the pangolin anteater.[136] Unlike previous LTS releases that have been supported for three years for the desktop version and five years for the server version, this release will be supported for five years for both versions.[137][138]

Changes in this release include a much faster start up time for the Ubuntu Software Center and refinements to Unity. This release also replaced the Banshee media player with Rhythmbox, as the default media player and dropped the Tomboy note-taking application and the supporting Mono framework as well.[139][140] Also the windows dodge feature has been removed from the Unity launcher starting with Ubuntu 12.04.[141]

In January 2012 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 12.04 would incorporate a new head-up display (HUD) feature that will allow hotkey searching for application menu items from the keyboard, without the need for using the mouse. Shuttleworth said that the HUD "will ultimately replace menus in Unity applications" but for Ubuntu 12.04 at least the menus will remain.[142]

Ubuntu 12.04 is the first Ubuntu release shipped with IPv6 privacy extensions turned on by default. Ubuntu 11.10 already supported IPv6 on the desktop and in the installer (stateless address autoconfiguration SLAAC, stateless DHCPv6 and stateful DHCPv6).[143]

Like other LTS releases 12.04 will include point releases that bundle updates to shorten downloads for users installing the release later in its lifecycle. The point releases and dates are: 12.04.1 (23 August 2012), 12.04.2 (14 February 2013), 12.04.3 (15 August 2013) and 12.04.4 (24 January 2014). There are no further point releases of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS scheduled after the release of the next LTS version, Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.[144]

Writing about Ubuntu 12.04 after its release, Jesse Smith of DistroWatch wrote "Over the past two years many people, myself included, have questioned Ubuntu's direction. The developers have tackled a number of projects, some of which seemed misguided at the time, Unity being chief amongst them. However, with the release of 12.04 LTS I feel that the various puzzle pieces, which may have been underwhelming individually, have come together to form a whole, clear picture...Not everything is roses and I did run into a few issues...the HUD doesn't work across all applications (LibreOffice being the odd program out) and performance in a virtual machine was a bit of a let-down."[145]

Jim Lynch reviewed Ubuntu 12.04 and concluded, "Ubuntu 12.04 is definitely worth an upgrade if you’re running an earlier version. Unity is finally coming into its own in this release, plus there are other enhancements that make upgrading worthwhile. Ubuntu is getting better and better with each release. I was one of the Unity skeptics initially, but I’ve come to accept it as part of Ubuntu."[146]

In June 2012 TechRepublic writer Jack Wallen, who had been very critical of earlier versions of Unity said of Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, "I’ve noticed something lately. Since Ubuntu 12.04 was released, and I migrated over from Linux Mint, I’m working much more efficiently. This isn’t really so much a surprise to me, but to many of the detractors who assume Unity a very unproductive desktop… well, I can officially say they are wrong...I realize that many people out there have spurned Unity (I was one of them for a long time), but the more I use it, the more I realize that Canonical really did their homework on how to help end users more efficiently interact with their computers. Change is hard — period. For many, the idea of change is such a painful notion they wind up missing out on some incredible advancements. Unity is one such advancement."[147]

Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)

Ubuntu 12.10's default desktop.

On 23 April 2012 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 12.10 would be named Quantal Quetzal. As this will be the first of a series of three releases before the next LTS release, Shuttleworth indicated that it will include a refreshed look, with work to be done on typography and iconography. The release is named for the species of Central American birds.[148] Ubuntu 12.10 was released on schedule on 18 October 2012.[149]

Ryan Paul, writing for Ars Technica, said in April 2012 when the name was announced "A Quetzal is a colorful bird that is common to Central America. The most well-known variety, the resplendent quetzal, is known for its beauty. The name is a good fit for Ubuntu, which aims to soar in the cloud, offer visual appeal without compromising function, and avoid smacking into closed windows."[150]

The Ubuntu Developer Summit held in May 2012 set the priorities for this release. They are forecast to include an improved boot up sequence and log-in screen, dropping Unity 2D in favor of lower hardware requirements for Unity 3D, wrap around dialogs and toolbars for the HUD and a "vanilla" version of Gnome-Shell as an option. The release will likely include GNOME 3.6, Python 3 and the 3.5 Linux kernel.[151] It will ship with Python 3 in the image, but with Python 2 available in the repositories, via the "python" package.[152] The kernel will have the PAE switched on by default.[153]

In July 2012 development versions of Ubuntu 12.10 received a new combined user, session and system menu.[154] This release will also include Ubuntu Web Apps, a means of running web applications directly from the desktop, without having to open a browser.[155] It will also use Nautilus 3.4 as its file manager, in place of the 3.5 and newer versions to retain features deleted from later versions.[156]

In September 2012 Canonical’s Kate Stewart announced that the Ubuntu 12.10 image will not fit on a compact disc, saying "There is no longer a traditional CD sized image, DVD or alternate image, but rather a single 800MB Ubuntu image that can be used from USB or DVD."[157] There is, however, a third-party project that has created a version of Ubuntu 12.10 that will fit on a CD. It uses LZMA2 compression instead of the DEFLATE compression used on the official Ubuntu DVD image.[158]

Also in late September 2012 it was announced that the version of Unity to be shipped with Ubuntu 12.10 would by default include searches of Amazon.com for searched terms. This move caused immediate controversy among Ubuntu users, particularly with regard to privacy issues, and caused Mark Shuttleworth to issue a statement indicating that this feature is not adware and labelled many of the objections "FUD" (Fear, uncertainty and doubt). Shuttleworth stated "What we have in 12.10 isn’t the full experience, so those who leap to judgement are at maximum risk of having to eat their words later. Chill out. If the first cut doesn’t work for you, remove it, or just search the specific scope you want (there are hotkeys for all the local scopes)." Regardless users filed a Launchpad bug report on the feature requesting that it be made a separate lens and not included with general desktop searches for files, directories and applications. The degree of community push-back on the issue resulted in plans by the developers to make the dash and where it searches user configurable via a GUI setting dialogue. There were concerns that the setting dialogue would not be completed in time for the final version of Ubuntu 12.10, but it was completed and is present in the final version of 12.10.[159][160][161][162][163][164]

In the week prior to the stable release of Ubuntu 12.10 data privacy advocate Luís de Sousa indicated that the inclusion of the shopping lens, installed without explicit permission of the user, violates European Directive 95/46/EC on data privacy. That directive requires that the "data subject has unambiguously given his consent" in situations where personal identifying information is sent.[165]

In reviewing Ubuntu 12.10 at the end of October 2012 for DistroWatch, Jesse Smith raised concerns about the Amazon shopping lens, saying, "it has raised a number of privacy concerns in the community and, looking over Ubuntu's legal notice about privacy does not provide any reassurance. The notice informs us Canonical reserves the right to share our keystrokes, search terms and IP address with a number of third parties, including Facebook, Twitter, Amazon and the BBC. This feature is enabled by default, but can be turned off through the distribution's settings panel." He also found that the dash provided very slow performance and that the release was "practically unusable in the VirtualBox environment". He summed up his experiences, "After a day and a half of using Ubuntu 12.10 it was an internal struggle not to wipe my hard drive and just find another distribution to review. During the first twenty-four hours Ubuntu spied on me, provided performance which was distinctly sub par, the interface regularly popped up errors (sometimes so frequently the first pop-up wouldn't have faded out of view before the next one appeared), the update notification didn't work and it wasn't possible to turn off accessibility features through the graphical interface. Adding insult to injury, the Unity dash kept locking up or losing focus while I was trying to use it and the operating system crashed more times than not while trying to shutdown or logout. Switching away from Unity to GNOME Fallback helped the performance issues I had experienced with the Dash, but it didn't remove the annoying pop-up errors and performance (while usable) still wasn't as good as I would expect. And what really makes me scratch my head is Ubuntu 12.04 worked really well on this same hardware."[166]

In early November the Electronic Frontier Foundation made a statement on the shopping lens issue, "Technically, when you search for something in Dash, your computer makes a secure HTTPS connection to productsearch.ubuntu.com, sending along your search query and your IP address. If it returns Amazon products to display, your computer then insecurely loads the product images from Amazon's server over HTTP. This means that a passive eavesdropper, such as someone sharing a wireless network with you, will be able to get a good idea of what you're searching for on your own computer based on Amazon product images. It's a major privacy problem if you can't find things on your own computer without broadcasting what you're looking for to the world."[167]

Writing about Ubuntu 12.10 in a December 2012 review, Jim Lynch addressed the Amazon controversy, "One of the desktop changes that some folks might not like is the web app link to Amazon.com... This might come across as a bridge too far in terms of the outright commercialization of Ubuntu. And it is an eery [sic] reminder of all the garbage that gets installed on Windows PCs by default, by the hardware companies. Is this where Ubuntu is going? Will you someday boot into your Ubuntu desktop only to find tons of commercial crapware clogging up your desktop by default? I sure hope not, as it will be another reason for people to avoid Ubuntu." He concluded, saying, "Overall, Ubuntu 12.10 is a decent upgrade for current Ubuntu users. However, the inclusion of the Amazon icon on the launcher, and the discontinuation of Unity 2D might irritate some people."[168]

Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)

On 17 October 2012, Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 13.04 would be named the Raring Ringtail and said about this release “[In the next six months] we want to have the phone, tablet and TV all lined up. So I think it’s time to look at the core of Ubuntu and review it through a mobile lens: let’s measure our core platform by mobile metrics, things like battery life, number of running processes, memory footprint, and polish the rough edges that we find when we do that."[169]

On 29 October 2012 at Ubuntu Developer Summit Registration there was discussion of redesigning Wubi for Ubuntu 13.04. [170]

The Ubuntu 13.04 development cycle did not feature any alpha releases, however some Ubuntu flavours, such as Kubuntu and Edubuntu chose to, regardless. Ubuntu 13.04 continued to issue daily builds, with candidates every fortnight.[171]

Future releases

Mark Shuttleworth announced on 31 October 2011 that by Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu will support smartphones, tablets, TVs and smart screens.[172]

Table of versions

VersionCode nameRelease dateSupported untilKernel Version
DesktopsServers
4.10Warty Warthog20 October 2004Old version, no longer supported: 30 April 20062.6.8
5.04Hoary Hedgehog8 April 2005Old version, no longer supported: 31 October 20062.6.10
5.10Breezy Badger13 October 2005Old version, no longer supported: 13 April 20072.6.12
6.06 LTSDapper Drake1 June 2006Old version, no longer supported: 14 July 2009Old version, no longer supported: 1 June 20112.6.15
6.10Edgy Eft26 October 2006Old version, no longer supported: 25 April 20082.6.17
7.04Feisty Fawn19 April 2007Old version, no longer supported: 19 October 20082.6.20
7.10Gutsy Gibbon18 October 2007Old version, no longer supported: 18 April 20092.6.22
8.04 LTSHardy Heron24 April 2008Old version, no longer supported: 12 May 2011Older version, yet still supported: April 20132.6.24
8.10Intrepid Ibex30 October 2008Old version, no longer supported: 30 April 20102.6.27
9.04Jaunty Jackalope23 April 2009Old version, no longer supported: 23 October 20102.6.28
9.10Karmic Koala29 October 2009Old version, no longer supported: 30 April 20112.6.31
10.04 LTSLucid Lynx29 April 2010Older version, yet still supported: April 2013Older version, yet still supported: April 20152.6.32
10.10Maverick Meerkat10 October 2010Old version, no longer supported: 10 April 20122.6.35
11.04Natty Narwhal28 April 2011Old version, no longer supported: 28 October 20122.6.38
11.10Oneiric Ocelot13 October 2011Older version, yet still supported: April 20133.0
12.04 LTSPrecise Pangolin26 April 2012[173]Older version, yet still supported: April 2017[137]3.2
12.10Quantal Quetzal18 October 2012Current stable version: April 20143.5[174]
13.04Raring Ringtail25 April 2013Future release: October 20143.8[175]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still supported
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Version timeline

Version end of life

After each version of Ubuntu has reached its end-of-life time, its repositories are removed from the main Ubuntu servers and consequently the mirrors.[176] Older versions of Ubuntu repositories and releases can be found at old-releases.ubuntu.com.[177]

See also

Portal iconFree software portal
Portal iconLinux portal


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