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GNU Bazaar

GNU Bazaar
Bazaar logo
Original author(s)Martin Pool
Developer(s)Canonical and community
Initial release26 March 2005[1]
Stable release2.5.1 / 30 May 2012; 9 months ago (2012-05-30)
Preview release2.6b2 / 24 July 2012; 7 months ago (2012-07-24)
Development statusActive
Written inPython, Pyrex, C
Operating systemCross-platform
TypeDistributed revision control system
LicenseGPLv2 or later.[2]
Websitebazaar.canonical.com

GNU Bazaar (formerly Bazaar-NG, command line tool bzr) is a distributed revision control system sponsored by Canonical.

Bazaar can be used by a single developer working on multiple branches of local content, or by teams collaborating across a network.

Bazaar is written in the Python programming language, with packages for major GNU/Linux distributions, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows. Bazaar is free software and part of the GNU Project.[3][4]

Contents

Features

Bazaar commands are quite similar to those found in CVS or Subversion. A new project can be started and maintained without a remote repository server by invoking the bzr init command in a directory which a person wishes to version.[5]

In contrast to purely distributed version control systems which don't use a central server, Bazaar supports working with or without a central server. It is possible to use both methods at the same time with the same project. The websites Launchpad and Sourceforge provide free hosting service for projects managed with Bazaar.

Bazaar has support for working with some other revision control systems.[6] This allows users to branch from another system (such as Subversion[7]), make local changes and commit them into a Bazaar branch, and then later merge them back into the other system. Read-only access is also available for Git[8] and Mercurial.[9] Bazaar also allows for interoperation with many other systems (including CVS, Darcs, Git, Perforce, Mercurial) by allowing one to import/export the history.[10]

Bazaar supports files with names from the complete Unicode set. It also allows commit messages, committer names, etc. to be in Unicode.

History

Baz: an earlier Canonical version control system

The name "Bazaar" was originally used by a fork of the GNU arch client tla. This fork is now[update] called Baz to distinguish it from the current Bazaar software.[11] Baz was announced in October 2004 by Canonical employee Robert Collins[12] and maintained until 2005, when the project then called Bazaar-NG (the present Bazaar) was announced as Baz's successor.[13] Baz is now unmaintained and Canonical declared it deprecated.[14][15] The last release of Baz was version 1.4.3, released October 2005.[16] A planned 1.5 release of Baz was abandoned in 2006.[17]

Bazaar

In February 2005, Martin Pool, a developer who had previously described and reviewed a number of revision control systems in talks and in his weblog, announced that he had been hired by Canonical and tasked with "build[ing] a distributed version-control system that open-source hackers will love to use."[18] A public website and mailing list were established in March 2005 and the first numbered pre-release, 0.0.1, was released on 26 March 2005.[19][20][21]

Bazaar was conceived from the start as a different piece of software from both GNU arch and Baz. It has a different command set and is a completely different codebase and design. Bazaar was originally intended as a test-bed for features to be later integrated into Baz, but by mid-2005 many of the major Baz developers had begun working primarily on Bazaar directly and Baz was abandoned.[15]

Version 1.0 of Bazaar was released in December 2007.[22] In February 2008, Bazaar became a GNU Project.[3] In April 2012 Martin Pool left Canonical[23] and the pace of development of the project has recently slowed down.[24] According to Jelmer Vernooij the members of Canonical's Bazaar team were assigned to different tasks in early 2012 and he himself stepped down from contributing to Bazaar at the end of 2012, after 7 years of contributing to the project.[25]

Adoption

Source code hosting

See also: Perbandingan -- open source software hosting facilities

The following websites provide free source code hosting for Bazaar repositories:

Projects using Bazaar

Prominent projects that use Bazaar for version control include:

See also

Portal iconFree software portal

References

  1. ^ "bzr 0.0.1 released". https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar/2005q1/000014.html.
  2. ^ "What is Bazaar?". http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/Welc ome. "Bazaar is an official GNU project, licensed under the GPLv2 or later, at your option."
  3. ^ a b Pool, Martin (2008-02-26). "Bazaar is now a GNU project". bazaar-announce mailing list. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar-announce/2008-February/000135.htm l. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  4. ^ Pool, Martin (2008-05-21). "Bazaar becomes a GNU project". info-gnu mailing list. http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/inf o-gnu/2008-05/msg00012.html. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  5. ^ bzr man page
  6. ^ Vernooij, Jelmer; John Meinel, Olad Conradi, Martin Pool, Wouter Van Heyst, Aaron Bentley (2007-06-15). "BzrForeignBranches". Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. http://bazaar-vcs.org/BzrForeignBranc hes. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  7. ^ Vernooij, Jelmer; Mark Lee, Neil Martinsen-Burrell, Robert Collins, Alexandre Vassalotti, Stijn Hoop (2007-06-07). "BzrForeignBranches/Subversion". Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. http://bazaar-vcs.org/BzrForeignBranc hes/Subversion. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  8. ^ bzr git support plugin in Launchpad
  9. ^ The Bazaar Hg Plugin in Launchpad
  10. ^ fastimport documentation
  11. ^ Pool, Martin; Matthieu Moy and Matthew Hannigan (2007-03-09). "Branding". Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. http://bazaar-vcs.org/Branding. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  12. ^ Collins, Robert (2004-10-29). "Announce: Bazaar". Gnu-arch-users mailing list. http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu -arch-users/2004-10/msg00712.html. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  13. ^ Moy, Matthieu (2005-08-20). "Future of GNU Arch, bazaar and bazaar-ng ... ?". bazaar-old mailing list. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar-old/2005-August/000105.html. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  14. ^ "Baz1x - Bazaar Version Control". 2006-07-24. Archived from the original on 7 January 2008. http://bazaar-vcs.org/Baz1x. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  15. ^ a b Arbash Meinel, John; Aaron Bentley, Martin Pool, Mark Shuttleworth (2006-07-26). "HistoryOfBazaar". http://bazaar-vcs.org/HistoryOfBazaar. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
  16. ^ Moy, Matthieu (2005-10-25). "ReleaseNotes1.4.3". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. http://web.archive.org/web/2007092806 0036/http://bazaar-vcs.org/ReleaseNot es1.4.3. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  17. ^ Collins, Robert (2006-06-30). "releasing 1.5". bazaar-old mailing list. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar-old/2006-June/000531.html. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  18. ^ Pool, Martin (2005-02-01). "sourcefrog: A beginning". http://sourcefrog.net/weblog/personal /at-canonical.html. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  19. ^ Pool, Martin (2005-03-23). "(test)". bazaar mailing list. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar/2005q1/000002.html. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  20. ^ Bentley, Aaron (2005-03-23). "Re: State of the Arches". gnu-arch-users mailing list. http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu -arch-users/2005-03/msg00262.html. Retrieved 2008-05-23. "For completeness, it's probably worth mentioning that bazaar-ng (www.bazaar-ng.org) is another rcs system sponsored by Canonical"
  21. ^ Pool, Martin (2005-03-26). "bzr 0.0.1 released". bazaar mailing list. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar/2005q1/000014.html. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  22. ^ "Canonical Releases Version 1.0 of Bazaar Version Control Tool for Efficient Developer Collaboration" (Press release). Canonical. 2007-12-14. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. http://www.ubuntu.com/news/bazaar-v1- release. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  23. ^ Pool, Martin (2012-04-12). "leaving Canonical". bazaar mailing list. https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/baz aar/2012q2/074744.html. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  24. ^ Corbet, Jonathan (2012-09-11). "Bazaar on the slow track". LWN.net. https://lwn.net/Articles/515652/. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
  25. ^ Vernooij, Jelmer (2012-12-19). "Bazaar-NG: 7 years of hacking on a distributed version control system". http://stationary-traveller.eu/pages/ bzr-a-retrospective.html. Retrieved 2012-12-21.
  26. ^ https://fedorahosted.org/web/about
  27. ^ "Ubuntu in Launchpad". Canonical. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. http://launchpad.net/ubuntu. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  28. ^ "Armagetron Advanced Downloads". Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. http://armagetronad.net/downloads.php. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
  29. ^ Jake Edge (2008-03-12). "Emacs chooses Bazaar". LWN.net. http://lwn.net/Articles/272853/. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
  30. ^ "GNU GRUB Wiki". 2010-05-31. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. http://grub.enbug.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
  31. ^ "GNU GRUB - Bazaar Repositories - Savannah". 2010-06-01. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. http://savannah.gnu.org/bzr/?group=gr ub. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
  32. ^ a b "Projects using Bazaar". Canonical. 2008-04-28. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. http://bazaar-vcs.org/WhoUsesBzr. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  33. ^ "Mailman source code branches". 2007-12-04. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. http://wiki.list.org/display/DEV/Mail manBranches. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  34. ^ "Source code repository has moved to Launchpad". 2009-12-09. http://inkscape.org/archive.php?lang= en&year=2009&month=12. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  35. ^ Arnö, Kaj (2008-06-19). "Version Control: Thanks, BitKeeper - Welcome, Bazaar". Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. http://planet.mysql.com/entry/?id=133 34. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
  36. ^ Operational Dynamics Pty Ltd. "Get java-gnome!". Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. http://java-gnome.sourceforge.net/4.0 /get/. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  37. ^ http://wiki.squid-cache.org/Squid3VCS

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