Informatika & Komputer    
   
Daftar Isi ☛
(Sebelumnya) Fox News ChannelFoxtel (Berikutnya)

Foxconn

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
Trading nameFoxconn
TypePublic
Traded asTWSE: 2317
SEHK: 2038
LSE: HHPD
IndustryElectronics
Founded1974
Founder(s)Terry Gou
HeadquartersTucheng District, New Taipei, Taiwan
Area servedGlobal
Key peopleTerry Gou
(Chairman and President)
ProductsElectronics, electronic components
ServicesElectronics manufacturing services
RevenueIncrease NT$3.452 trillion (2011)[1]
Operating incomeIncrease NT$82.84 billion (2011)[1]
Net incomeIncrease NT$81.59 billion (2011)[1]
Total assetsIncrease NT$1.730 trillion (2011)[1]
Total equityIncrease NT$615.0 billion (2011)[1]
Employees1.23 million (2012)[2]
Websitefoxconn.com
Foxconn
Traditional Chinese鴻海精密工業股份有限公司
Simplified Chinese鸿海精密工业股份有限公司
Literal meaningHon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
Trading name
Traditional Chinese富士康科技集團
Simplified Chinese富士康科技集团
Literal meaningFoxconn Technology Group

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., trading as Foxconn, is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturing company headquartered in Tucheng, New Taipei, Taiwan. It is the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer measured by revenues.[3][4]

Foxconn is primarily an original design manufacturer, and its clients include major American, European, and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable products that the company manufactures include the iPad,[5] iPhone,[6] iPod,[6] Kindle,[7] PlayStation 3[8] and Wii U.[9]

Foxconn has been involved in several controversies, most relating to how it manages employees in China where it is the largest private-sector employer.[10] In 2012 Apple hired the Fair Labor Association to conduct an audit of working conditions at Foxconn.[11]

Contents

History

Terry Gou, the founder of Foxconn

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. was founded in 1974 as a manufacturer of electrical components (notably electrical connectors for computer components,[6] which found use in the Atari 2600).[12] Foxconn was originally a trade name of Hon Hai and a subsidiary later received the name.[6] Hon Hai's first manufacturing plant in mainland China opened in Longhua, Shenzhen, in 1988.[6]

In 2001 Intel concentrated on its core competency of chip making and began using Chinese contract manufacturers such as Foxconn to make Intel-branded motherboards.[13]

In November 2007 Foxconn announced plans to build a new US$500 million plant in Huizhou, southern China.[14]

In March 2012 Foxconn agreed to acquire a 10 percent stake in the Japanese electronics company Sharp Corporation for US$806 million and to purchase up to 50 percent of the LCD displays produced at Sharp's plant in Sakai, Japan.[15]

In January 2012 Foxconn named Tien Chong (Terry) Cheng chief executive who soon resigned citing health problems.[16]

In September 2012 Foxconn announced plans to invest US$494 million in the construction of five new factories in Itu, Brazil, creating 10,000 jobs.[17]

Operations

Foxconn has factories in Asia, Europe, and South America that together assemble around 40 percent of all consumer electronics products sold.[18]

China

Foxconn has 13 factories in nine Chinese cities—more than in any other country.[19]

Foxconn's largest factory worldwide is in Longhua, Shenzhen, where hundreds of thousands of workers (varying counts include 230,000,[18] 300,000,[20] and 450,000[21]) are employed at the Longhua Science & Technology Park, a walled campus[6] sometimes referred to as "Foxconn City"[22] or "iPod City".[23] Covering about 1.16 square miles (3 square km),[24] it includes 15 factories,[22] worker dormitories, a swimming pool,[25] a fire brigade,[6] its own television network (Foxconn TV),[6] and a city centre with a grocery store, bank, restaurants, bookstore, and hospital.[6] While some workers live in surrounding towns and villages, others live and work inside the complex;[26] a quarter of the employees live in the dormitories, and many of them work up to 12 hours a day for 6 days each week.[18] Another of Foxconn's factory "cities" is Zhengzhou Technology Park in Zhengzhou, Henan province, where it is reported 120,000 employees work.[27]

Foxconn continues to expand, and planned factories include sites at Chengdu in Sichuan province and Wuhan in Hubei province.[19]

Brazil

All company facilities in South America are located in Brazil,[28] and these include mobile phone factories in Manaus and Indaiatuba as well as production bases in Jundiai, Sorocaba, and Santa Rita do Sapucaí.[29] The company is considering more investments in Brazil.[10]

Europe

A Foxconn factory in the Czech Republic

Foxconn has factories in Hungary,[30] Slovakia,[10] and the Czech Republic.[4] It is the second-largest exporter in the Czech Republic.[4]

India

Foxconn has an operation in the Special Economic Zone of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.[31]

Japan

Foxconn and Sharp Corporation jointly run two plants manufacturing large-screen televisions in Sakai, Osaka. In August 2012 it was reported that Sharp, while doing corporate restructuring and downsizing, was considering selling the plants to Foxconn, which was believed to be receptive to the plan.[32]

Malaysia

As of 2011, Foxconn had at least one factory in Johor state,[33] possibly at Kulaijaya, where it is developing an industrial park that will include four factories once completed.[34]

Mexico

Foxconn has a facility in San Jerónimo, Chihuahua that assembles computers,[35] and two facilities in Juárez – a former Motorola production base that manufactures mobile phones,[36] and a set-top box factory acquired from Cisco Systems.[37] LCD televisions are also made in the country by Foxconn in a plant acquired from Sony..[38]

Major customers

Major customers of Foxconn include or have included:

(country of headquarters in parentheses)

Apple has stated that it contracts with Chinese original equipment manufacturers such as Foxconn because they have easy access to the Chinese supply chain[18] within a well developed industrial cluster.[50]

Controversies

Poor working conditions

Allegations of poor working conditions have been made on several occasions.[51] News reports highlight the long working hours,[22][24] discrimination against mainland Chinese workers by their Taiwanese co-workers,[52] and lack of working relationships at the company.[53] Although Foxconn was found to be compliant in the majority of areas when Apple Inc. audited the maker of its iPods and iPhones in 2007,[6] the audit did substantiate a few of the allegations.[54]

Concerns increased in early 2012 due to a US theatrical monologue purportedly based on factual accounts of working conditions at Foxconn,[55] but much of the source material was later found to be fictional.[56] A 2012 audit performed by the Fair Labor Association at the request of Apple Inc. found that workers routinely received insufficient overtime pay and suggested that workplace accidents may be common.[57]

A Hong Kong non-profit organisation, Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior, has written numerous negative reports on Foxconn's treatment of its employees.[58] These typically find far worse conditions than the 2012 Fair Labor Association audit did[citation needed] but rely on a far smaller pool of employee informants–100 to 170.[59] The Fair Labor Association audit in 2012 used interviews with 35,000 Foxconn employees.[57]

In September 2012 a fight at worker dormitories in Taiyuan, Shanxi, turned violent and was quelled by security.[60]

Suicides

Main article: Foxconn suicides

Suicides among Foxconn workers have attracted media attention. One was the high profile death of a worker after the loss of a prototype and the other, a series of suicides linked to low pay in 2010. Suicides of Foxconn workers have continued into 2012, with one in June 2012. The rate has substantially fallen since 2010.

Sun Dayong, a 25-year-old man, committed suicide in July 2009 after reporting the loss of an iPhone 4[61] prototype in his possession.[62]

In reaction to a spate of worker suicides in which fourteen people died in 2010,[63] a report by twenty Chinese universities described Foxconn factories as labor camps and detailed widespread worker abuse and illegal overtime.[64] In response to the suicides, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at some facilities,[51] and it promised to offer substantially higher wages at its Shenzhen production bases.[65] Workers were also forced to sign a legally binding document guaranteeing that they and their descendants would not sue the company as a result of unexpected death, self-injury, or suicide.[66]

ABC News[67] and The Economist[68] both reported in 2010 that the suicide rate of Foxconn employees is lower than the overall suicide rate in China. In January 2012, it was widely reported that 150 workers in Wuhan threatened, but did not execute, a mass suicide because an offer of compensation for quitting was withdrawn.[69]

Riot in Mexico

On the evening of February 19, 2010, the company made an announcement at its factory in Santa Teresa, Mexico that the buses which normally take the workers home from the plant at the end of the day would not be arriving on time due to a hold-up at a military checkpoint (a common occurrence in that area of Ciudad Juárez), and that they should continue to work until the buses arrived. As a result, the workers were forced to work overtime without compensation. Later, word got around that the buses had not, in fact, been held up at a checkpoint, but rather that Foxconn had deliberately delayed their arrival in order to force the workers into uncompensated overtime. Upon hearing this news, a small riot ensued, and several workers started a fire in the factory's gymnasium.[70] An internal investigation by Foxconn reported that this was a premeditated act by a disgruntled employee,[71] but workers from the factory dispute that assertion. Workers also claim that this was not the first time Foxconn had attempted to force uncompensated overtime, and that the riot and fire were the culmination of a series of labor abuses, and not just the one incident.

See also

Portal iconCompanies portal
Portal iconElectronics portal
Portal iconTaiwan portal
  • 2010 Chinese labour unrest
  • Daftar/Tabel -- companies of Taiwan
  • Daftar/Tabel -- electronics companies

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Hon Hai Precision Industry Financial Statements". Hon Hai Precision Industry. 
  2. ^ Alexander, Ruth (19 March 2012). "Which is the world's biggest employer?". BBC. Retrieved 03/20/2012. 
  3. ^ "Strikes End at Two Chinese Automotive Suppliers". Reuters. 2010-07-22.
  4. ^ a b c "About Foxconn: Group Profile". Foxconn Technology Group.
  5. ^ "Apple Adding More iPad Production Lines To Meet Holiday and 2011 Demand". San Francisco Chronicle. 2010-11-23.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Forbidden City of Terry Gou". The Wall Street Journal. 2007-08-11.
  7. ^ a b "Kindle Screen Maker Will Increase Capacity To Meet Demand". Computer World. 2010-07-28.
  8. ^ a b "Sony Sources Foxconn to Help Manufacture PS3". DailyTech. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  9. ^ "iPhone, Wii U Manufacturer Admits to Employing Children". IGN. October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  10. ^ a b c "Foxconn Says Looking at Investment Opportunities in Brazil". Reuters. 2011-04-13.
  11. ^ Bonnington, Christina, "Apple’s Foxconn Auditing Group ‘Surrounded With Controversy,’ Critics Say", Wired magazine, February 13, 2012
  12. ^ Balfour, Frederik; Culpan, Tim (2010-09-09)."Everything Is Made by Foxconn in Future Evoked by Gou's Empire". Bloomberg News.
  13. ^ Mueller, Scott (2012). Upgrading and Repairing PCs. (20th ed.) Indianapolis: Que. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7897-4710-5
  14. ^ "Foxconn Int'l plans new $500 mln south China plant". Reuters. 22 November 2007. Retrieved 17 February 2012. 
  15. ^ "Foxconn owner Hon Hai buying 10 percent stake in Japanese electronics giant Sharp for $806M". The Washington Post. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012. 
  16. ^ For January 2012 promotion, see "Executive Profile: Tien Chong Cheng". foxconn international hldgs (2038:Hong Kong). Bloomberg Businessweek. unknown. Retrieved November 20, 2012. 
    • For July 2012 resignation due to health, see Buetow, Mike (05 July 2012). "Foxconn CEO to Resign". Circuits Assembly. UP Media Group. Retrieved November 20, 2012. 
  17. ^ "Foxconn invests more in Brazil". Taipei Times. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2012. 
  18. ^ a b c d Duhigg, Charles; Keith Bradsher (January 21, 2012). "How the U.S. Lost Out on iPhone Work". New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2012. 
  19. ^ a b Lau, Mimi (December 15, 2010). "Struggle for Foxconn Girl Who Wanted To Die". South China Morning Post. Retrieved April 27, 2012. 
  20. ^ "Firm Shaken by Suicides". Los Angeles Times. 2010-05-26.
  21. ^ "Foxcon Plans To Increase China Workforce to 1.3 Million". Focus Taiwan News Channel. 2010-8-19. Retrieved 2010-8-19. 
  22. ^ a b c "Suicides at Foxconn: Light and Death". The Economist. 2010-05-27.
  23. ^ "iPod City: Apple Criticized for Factory Conditions". arstechnica.com. 2006-06-12.
  24. ^ a b "Foxconn Workers in China Say 'Meaningless' Life Sparks Suicides". BusinessWeek. 2010-06-02.[dead link]
  25. ^ "Apple, Dell, and HP comment on suicides as Foxconn CEO shows off the pool". Engadget. Retrieved 2012-02-10. 
  26. ^ "A Night at the Electronics Factory". The New York Times. 2010-06-19.
  27. ^ "Apple hit by China Foxconn factory report". BBC. 2012-03-30.
  28. ^ "Global Distribution". Foxconn Technology Group.
  29. ^ Fávaro, Tatiana (2011-04-24). "Filial no Brasil acusada de pressão no trabalho" [Subsidiary in Brazil accused of pressure at work] (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2011-06-06. 
  30. ^ "Foxconn to lay off 1,500 in Hungary as orders drop". reuters.com. 2012-03-30.
  31. ^ "Trade Union Leaders and Workers at Foxconn India Imprisoned". 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-04. 
  32. ^ The Daily Yomiuri Sharp to transfer 3,000 overseas workers to Hon Hai August 22, 2012 Retrieved on August 22, 2012
  33. ^ "柔古来富士康集团 低调办非正式剪彩" [Foxconn Group to do a low-key ribbon-cutting] (in Chinese). MCIL Multimedia Sdn Bhd. 09/27/2011. Retrieved 02/16/2012. 
  34. ^ Oleh Mahanum, Abdul Aziz (2011/09/03). "Hon Hai cadang bina 4 kilang di Malaysia" [Hon Hai proposed to build four plants in Malaysia] (in Malay). The New Straits Times Press (Malaysia). Retrieved 02/16/2012. 
  35. ^ Robinson-Avila, Kevin (December 9, 2011, 4:00am MST). "Foxconn spinoff effect has Santa Teresa flourishing". Business Weekly. Retrieved 05/29/12. 
  36. ^ "Foxconn: Arson at Mexico Plant Work of Angry Ex-Employee". PC World. 2010-02-22.
  37. ^ "Citigroup Likes Hon Hai's Purchase of Set-Top Box Plant". Taipei Times. 2011-07-20.
  38. ^ "Foxconn Denies Plans To Acquire Sony LCD TV Factory in Spain". Ninelu Tu; Adam Hwang. DigiTimes. 2010-07-09.
  39. ^ "Foxconn Making Acer Android Phones". Phandroid.com. 2009-12-22. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  40. ^ a b "Foxconn Option for Henan's Migrating Millions: A New Factory in Zhengzhou. He Huifeng. South China Morning Post. 2010-09-15. p. 8.
  41. ^ "Cisco signs over Mexico manufacturing facility to Foxconn". ZDNet. 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  42. ^ a b Foxconn by the Numbers . Huffington Post. 2012-01-27.
  43. ^ "Chinese Contractors: Foxconn’s Underage Worker Use Affects Sony, Google, Apple, Amazon, Nokia". INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TIMES. Retrieved 2012-17-10. 
  44. ^ Buetow, Mike (April 2005). "Foxconn, HP Extend Contract Relationship". Circuits Assembly. Vol. 16, Iss. 4; p. 10, 1 pgs.
  45. ^ E.D. Kain. "Chinese Foxconn Workers Threaten Mass Suicide Over Xbox Pay Dispute". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  46. ^ "Nintendo to probe Foxconn conditions: report". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  47. ^ "In China, Human Costs Are Built Into an iPad". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-01-26. 
  48. ^ "The Dilemma of Cheap Electronics". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-02-10. 
  49. ^ Budi Putra (2006-10-05). "Foxconn to make smartphones for Vizio". SlashPhone. Retrieved 2012-02-01. 
  50. ^ Krugman, Paul (January 24, 2012). "Chinese Manufacturing and the Auto Bailout". New York Times. Retrieved January 27, 2012. 
  51. ^ a b Mail Foreign Service (2006-08-18). "The Stark Reality of iPod's Chinese Factories". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 2011-05-27. 
  52. ^ "Foxconn called to account for another employee suicide". WantChinaTimes.com. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2012. 
  53. ^ Moore, Malcolm (2010-05-16). "What Has Triggered the Suicide Cluster at Foxconn?". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 2010-07-09. 
  54. ^ "Inside Apple's iPod Factories". Macorld UK. 2006-06-12.
  55. ^ "Moral Issues Behind iPhone and Its Makers". The New York Times 2012-03-28.
  56. ^ "Retraction". This American Life. 2012-03-28.
  57. ^ a b Williams, Matt (29 March 2012 17.13 EDT). "Foxconn audit finds illegal overtime and unpaid wages at Apple factory". guardian.co.uk (Guardian News and Media Ltd). Retrieved 05/29/12. 
  58. ^ For 2010 reports, see "Publications: 2010". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 
    • For 2011 reports, see "Publications: 2011". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 
    • For 2012 reports, see "Publications: 2012". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 
  59. ^ For report relying on 100 worker informants, see "WORKERS AS MACHINES: MILITARY MANAGEMENT IN FOXCONN". Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior. 13 Oct 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2012. 
  60. ^ "Foxconn Workers Labor Under Guard After Riot Shuts Plant". bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Sep 26, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012. 
  61. ^ "Apple Confirms Death of iPhone Worker in China". CNET. 2009-07-21.
  62. ^ "IPhone Maker in China Is Under Fire After a Suicide". The New York Times. 2009-07-26.
  63. ^ Pomfret, James (2010-11-05). "Foxconn Worker Plunges to Death at China Plant: Report". Reuters. 
  64. ^
  65. ^ "Foxconn To Raise Wages Again at China Plant". Reuters. 2010-10-01.
  66. ^ Malone, Andrew; Jones, Richard (2010-12-06). "Revealed: Inside the Chinese Suicide Sweatshop Where Workers Toil in 34-Hour Shifts To Make Your iPod". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 2011-10-07. 
  67. ^ A Trip to The iFactory: 'Nightline' Gets an Unprecedented Glimpse Inside Apple's Chinese Core, ABC News, page 3
  68. ^ Suicides at Foxconn, The Economist, May 27, 2010
  69. ^ Moore, Malcolm (11 Jan 2012). "'Mass suicide' protest at Apple manufacturer Foxconn factory". telegraph.co.uk (Shanghai: Telegraph Media Group). Retrieved 05/29/12. 
  70. ^ VanHemert, Kyle. "Foxconn Workers Don’t Get Mad, They Get Even (By Burning Their Factory Down)". Gizmodo. Retrieved 6 October 2012. 
  71. ^ http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz /blog/eyeonasia/archives/2010/02/foxc onn_blasts.html

Further reading

External links

(Sebelumnya) Fox News ChannelFoxtel (Berikutnya)