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GNOME Shell

GNOME Shell
GNOME Shell.png
GNOME Shell 3.6 in overview mode
Developer(s)GNOME project
Initial releaseApril 6, 2011; 23 months ago (2011-04-06)
Stable release3.8.0 (March 27, 2013; 2 days ago (2013-03-27)) [±][1]
Development statusActive
Written inJavaScript and C[2]
Operating systemUnix-like
Available inMultilanguage[3]
TypeShell
LicenseGNU General Public License
Websitelive.gnome.org/GnomeShell

GNOME Shell is the core user interface of the GNOME desktop environment starting with version 3,[4] which was released on April 6, 2011. It provides basic functionality like switching between windows and launching applications. It replaces GNOME Panel[5] and other software components from GNOME 2 to offer a user experience that breaks from the previous model of desktop metaphor, used in earlier versions of GNOME.

GNOME Shell uses Mutter, a compositing window manager based on the Metacity window manager, and the Clutter toolkit to provide visual effects and hardware acceleration.[6] According to GNOME Shell maintainer[7] Owen Taylor, it is set up as a Mutter plugin largely written in JavaScript.[8]

Contents

History

The first concepts for GNOME Shell were created during GNOME’s User Experience Hackfest 2008 in Boston.[9][10][11]

After criticism of the traditional GNOME desktop and accusations of stagnation and lacking vision,[12] the resulting discussion lead to the announcement of GNOME 3.0 in April 2009.[13] Since then Red Hat is the main driver of GNOME Shell’s development.[14]

Pre-release versions of GNOME Shell were first made available in August 2009[15] and became regular, non-default part of GNOME in version 2.28 in September 2009.[16] It was finally shipped as GNOME’s default user interface on 6 April 2011.[17][18]

Features

Changes to the user interface (UI) include, but are not limited to:

  • A new Activities overview, which houses:
    • A dock (called "Dash") for quickly switching between and launching applications
    • A window picker, similar to Mac OS X's Mission Control, also incorporating a workspace switcher/manager
    • An application picker
    • Search
  • A messaging tray, an area at the bottom of the screen used for housing both interactive and static notifications separately from system status icons
  • "Snapping" windows to screen borders to make them fill up a half of the screen or the whole screen
  • A single window button by default, Close, instead of three (configurable). Minimization has been removed due to the lack of a panel to minimize to, in favor of workspace window management. Maximization can be accomplished using the afore-mentioned window snapping, or by double-clicking the window title bar.
  • A fallback mode is offered in versions 3.0–3.6 for those without hardware acceleration which offers the GNOME Panel desktop. This mode can also be toggled through the System Settings menu.[19] GNOME 3.8 removed the fallback mode and replaced it with GNOME Shell extensions that offer a more traditional look and feel.[20]

Extensibility

The functionality of GNOME Shell can be changed with extensions, which can be written in JavaScript. Users can find and install extensions using the GNOME extensions website. Some of these extensions are hosted in GNOME's git repository, though they are not official.[21]

Reception

See also: Controversy over GNOME 3

GNOME Shell has received mixed reviews: It has been criticized for a variety of reasons, mostly related to design decisions and reduced user control over the environment, a very one-size-fits-all approach. For example, users in the free software community have raised concerns that the planned tight integration with Mutter will mean that users of GNOME Shell will not be able to switch to an alternative window manager without breaking their desktop. In particular, users might not be able to use Compiz with GNOME Shell while retaining access to the same types of features that older versions of GNOME allowed.[22]

Reviews have generally become more positive over time, with upcoming releases addressing many of the annoyances reported by users.

Adoption

  • The Linux distribution Fedora uses GNOME Shell by default since release 15.[23]
  • Ubuntu doesn't use GNOME Shell by default, but users are able to install it from the Ubuntu repositories since version 11.10.[24] In addition, an Ubuntu Gnome Remix is released alongside Ubuntu 12.10.[25]
  • The GNOME version of openSUSE 12.1 uses GNOME Shell by default.[26]
  • Arch Linux dropped support of GNOME 2 in favor of GNOME 3 in its repositories.[27]
  • Mageia will have the current version of GNOME in its version 2.[28]
  • Debian Wheezy (testing) and Sid (unstable) make GNOME 3.4 available.[29][30]
  • Sabayon Linux uses latest version of GNOME Shell.

Gallery

  • GNOME Shell Overlay Mode Windows

  • GNOME Shell Overlay Mode Applications

See also

Portal iconFree software portal

References

  1. ^ Clasen, Matthias (2013-03-27), "GNOME 3.8 released", gnome-announce mailing list, https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome -announce-list/2013-March/msg00081.ht ml, retrieved March 27, 2013
  2. ^ GNOME 3.0 depends on Mono, "GNOME 3 Myths", GNOME Live!, http://live.gnome.org/GNOME3Myths#GNO ME_3.0_depends_on_Mono.21, retrieved December 19, 2010
  3. ^ Module Statistics: gnome-shell, http://l10n.gnome.org/module/gnome-sh ell/, retrieved February 14, 2011
  4. ^ "Planning for GNOME 3.0", GNOME Live!, http://live.gnome.org/ThreePointZero/ Plan, retrieved March 23, 2011
  5. ^ Sharma, Apoorva (March 23, 2010), "Why does Gnome-shell replace the current gnome-panel", gnome-shell-list mailing list, http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome- shell-list/2010-March/msg00092.html, retrieved August 18, 2012
  6. ^ Kissling, Kristian (July 8, 2009), "Mutter: Window Manager in GNOME's Future", Linux Pro Magazine, http://www.linuxpromagazine.com/Onlin e/News/Mutter-Window-Manager-in-GNOME -s-Future, retrieved March 23, 2011
  7. ^ Cutler, Paul (July 1, 2009), Behind the Scenes with Owen Taylor, http://gnomejournal.org/article/74/be hind-the-scenes-with-owen-taylor, retrieved November 25, 2011
  8. ^ Taylor, Owen (March 23, 2009), "Metacity, Mutter, GNOME Shell, GNOME-2.28", desktop-devel-list mailing list, http://mail.gnome.org/archives/deskto p-devel-list/2009-March/msg00106.html, retrieved August 18, 2012, "gnome-shell is set up as a Mutter plugin that is largely written in JavaScript"
  9. ^ "My glimpse at Gnome-Shell". Mad for Ubuntu. Archived from the original on 02010-05-23May 23, 2010. 
  10. ^ "Boston2008/GUIHackfest - GNOME Live!". Live.gnome.org. 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  11. ^ "Timeline: The Greatest Show on Earth". Be the signal. 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  12. ^ "gnome in the age of decadence". wingolog. 2008-06-07. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  13. ^ "Planning for GNOME 3.0". Mail.gnome.org. 2009-04-02. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  14. ^ Matthew Garrett (mjg59) wrote, 2010-10-26 18:39:00 (2010-10-26). "mjg59: Fun facts". Mjg59.livejournal.com. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  15. ^ "ftp.gnome.org". Ftp.acc.umu.se. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  16. ^ "GNOME 2.28 Release Notes". Library.gnome.org. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  17. ^ "TwoPointNinetyone - GNOME Live!". Live.gnome.org. 2011-03-24. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  18. ^ "GNOME 3.0 with GNOME Shell officially launched | ITProPortal.com". Thinq.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  19. ^ Ljubunčić, Igor (April 6, 2011), Gnome 3 Fallback mode - Get your productivity back, Dedoimedo, http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/gn ome-3-fallback.html, retrieved November 25, 2011
  20. ^ "GNOME 3.7: what is happening now | Goings on". Blogs.gnome.org. 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  21. ^ "Extensions", GNOME Live!, https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/Ext ensions, retrieved November 25, 2011
  22. ^ Taylor, Owen (March 24, 2009), "Re: Metacity, Mutter, GNOME Shell, GNOME-2.28", desktop-devel-list mailing list, http://www.mail-archive.com/desktop-d [email protected]/msg15587.html, retrieved August 18, 2012
  23. ^ Releases/15/FeatureList, Fedora Project, http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Release s/15/FeatureList, retrieved November 25, 2011
  24. ^ "OneiricOcelot/ReleaseNotes - Ubuntu Wiki", [[Ubuntu (operating system)|]] Wiki, https://wiki.ubuntu.com/OneiricOcelot /ReleaseNotes, retrieved April 18, 2012
  25. ^ Andrew (2012-10-19). "Prefer GNOME Shell? Download Ubuntu GNOME Remix 12.10 ~ Web Upd8: Ubuntu / Linux blog". Webupd8.org. Retrieved 2013-03-12. 
  26. ^ Portal:12.1, OpenSuSE Project, http://en.opensuse.org/Portal:12.1, retrieved November 25, 2011
  27. ^ Bîru, Ionuț Mircea (April 30, 2011), "GNOME3 in extra", Arch Linux, http://www.archlinux.org/news/gnome3- in-extra/, retrieved December 4, 2011
  28. ^ "Release Notes", Mageia Wiki, March 7, 2012, https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Mageia_2_b eta2, retrieved March 24, 2012
  29. ^ "/ packages / sid (unstable) / gnome / gnome-shell", Debian, http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome- shell, retrieved July 10, 2012
  30. ^ "/ packages / wheezy (testing) / gnome / gnome-shell", Debian, http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/gno me-shell, retrieved July 10, 2012

External links

(Sebelumnya) GNOME FoundationGnome Subtitles (Berikutnya)