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WebOS

WebOS
WebOS.png
Palm webOS Launcher.png
Palm webOS (2009)
Company / developerLG Electronics, previously Hewlett-Packard & Palm
Programmed inC++
OS familyLinux
Source modelOpen source
Latest stable release

3.0.5 (tablet)
1.4.5 (Pre, Pre Plus (US), Pixi, and Pixi Plus)

2.1 (Pre Plus (UK) and Pre 2) 2.1.2 (Veer) 2.2.4 (Pre 3) (phone) / 12 January 2012; 14 months ago (2012-01-12)
Marketing targetEmbedded devices
Available language(s)English (US), Spanish, French, Italian and German
Supported platformsARM
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
Default user interfaceGraphical (Luna)
LicenseApache License
Official websitewww.hpwebos.com
www.openwebosproject.org

Open WebOS is a mobile operating system based on a Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which was later acquired by Hewlett-Packard and then LG Electronics.[1] The official name is webOS, uncapitalised,[2] but WebOS is also used.[note 1] Palm launched WebOS in January 2009, then called Palm WebOS. Various versions of WebOS have been featured on several devices, including Pre, Pixi, and Veer phones and the HP TouchPad tablet. The latest version, 3.0.5, was released on January 12, 2012.

After the failure of the HP TouchPad and the proposed sale of the HP Personal Systems Group, HP made the platform open source, and it became Open WebOS. Code specific to the existing devices was released as WebOS Community Edition (CE), with support for the existing HP hardware. Open WebOS includes open source libraries designed to target a wider range of hardware.

As of February 25, 2013 it was announced that HP is selling WebOS to LG Electronics, who plan to use the operating system for its "smart" or Internet-connected TVs.[3] However HP will still hold on to patents underlying WebOS as well as cloud-based services such as the App Catalog.[4]

Contents

Background

Palm WebOS logo

Palm launched WebOS in January 2009 as the successor to Palm OS. The first WebOS device was the original Palm Pre, released by Sprint in June 2009. The Palm Pixi followed. Upgraded "Plus" versions of both Pre and Pixi were released on Verizon and AT&T.

In April 2010, HP acquired Palm; WebOS was described as a key asset and motivation for the purchase. The $1.2 billion acquisition finalized in June. HP indicated its intention to develop the WebOS platform for use in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablet computers, and printers.[5]

In February 2011, HP announced that it would use WebOS as the universal platform for all its devices.[6] However, HP also made the decision[7] that the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, and the "Plus" revisions would not receive over-the-air updates to WebOS 2.0,[8] despite a previous commitment to an upgrade "in coming months".[9] HP announced several new WebOS devices, including the HP Veer and HP Pre 3 smartphones, running WebOS 2.2, and the HP TouchPad, a tablet computer released in July 2011 that runs WebOS 3.0.

In March 2011, HP announced plans for a version of WebOS by the end of 2011 to run within Windows,[10] and to be installed on all HP desktop and notebook computers in 2012.[11] Neither ever materialized, although work had begun on an x86 port around this time involving a team in Fort Collins, Colorado. Work was scrapped later in the year.

In August 2011, HP announced that it was interested in selling its Personal Systems Group, responsible for all of its consumer PC products, including WebOS, and that WebOS device development and production lines would be halted.[12][13][14] It was unclear whether HP would consider licensing of WebOS software to other manufacturers. When HP reduced the price of the Touchpad to $99, the existing inventory quickly sold out.[15]

The HP Pre 3 was launched in select areas of Europe, and US-based units were available only through unofficial channels as both AT&T and Verizon canceled their orders just prior to delivery after Apotheker's announcement.[16] Notably, these U.S. Pre 3 units, having been released through unofficial channels, lacked both warranties and carried no support obligation from HP; as a result parts are nearly impossible to come by. HP announced that it would continue to issue updates for the HP Veer and HP TouchPad, but these updates have failed to materialize for the former, and the latter saw a final, unofficial release called WebOS CE that contained only open-sourced components of WebOS meant for what remained of the developer community rather than a conventional, user-centric update to the operating system.

In December 2011, HP announced it would release WebOS source code in the near future under an open-source license.[17] In August 2012, HP renamed its WebOS unit as "Gram".[18][19]

As of February 25, 2013 it was announced that HP is selling WebOS to LG Electronics for use on its web-enabled Smart TVs. LG Electronics shall be allowed access to the documentation, source code, developers and related websites.

Features

Devices

The HP Touchpad tablet runs WebOS

The Palm Pre, the Palm Pre Plus, the Palm Pixi, and Palm Pixi Plus run WebOS version 1.4.5. [20]

The Pre 2, Pre 3, and the Veer run WebOS version 2.X.X

The HP TouchPad runs WebOS version 3.

Interface

Navigation uses multi-touch gestures on the touchscreen. The interface uses "cards" to manage multitasking and represent apps. The user switches between running applications by a flicking gesture from left and right on the screen. Applications are closed by flicking a "card" up—and "off"—the screen. The application "cards" can be rearranged for organization and in WebOS 2.0+, Stacks are introduced, where related cards can be "stacked" together.

Synergy

Palm referred to integration of information from many sources as "Synergy". Users can sign in to multiple email accounts from different providers and integrate all of these sources into a single list. Similar capabilities pull together calendars and also instant messages and SMS text messages from multiple sources. [21]

Notifications

The notification area is located on the bottom portion of the screen on phones, and on the top status bar area on tablets.

On phones, when a notification comes in, it slides in from the bottom of the screen. Due to the resizable nature of the Mojo and Enyo application frameworks, the app usually resizes itself to allow unhindered use while the notification is displayed. After the notification slides away, it usually remains as an icon. The user can then tap on the icons to expand them. Notifications can then be dismissed (sliding off the screen), acted upon (tapping), or left alone.

Synchronization

By default, data synchronization uses a cloud-based approach rather than using a desktop sync client, but various third-party sync clients are available.[citation needed] The first version of WebOS shipped with the ability to sync with Apple's iTunes software by masquerading as an Apple device, but this feature was disabled by subsequent software updates from Apple.

Third-party applications

Officially vetted third-party applications are accessible from the device for wireless download by using the App Catalog.[22]

Another source of applications is homebrew software.[23][24] Homebrew applications are not directly supported by HP. Programs used to distribute homebrew WebOS applications include WebOS Quick Install (Java-based for Desktop computers), and Preware (a homebrew WebOS app catalog, which must be sideloaded to install.) If software problems do occur after installing homebrew programs, WebOS Doctor (provided by HP) can restore a phone back to factory settings and remove most changes made by homebrew apps and patches.[25]

As WebOS replaced Palm OS, Palm commissioned MotionApps to code and develop an emulator called Classic, to enable backward compatibility to Palm OS applications. This operates with WebOS version 1. PalmOS emulation was discontinued in WebOS version 2.0.[26] MotionApps disengaged from Classic in 2010, citing HP Palm as "disruptive".[27]

Version history

Main article: WebOS version history

Platform

Underneath the graphical user interface, WebOS has much in common with mainstream Linux distributions. Versions 1.0 to 2.1 use a patched Linux 2.6.24 kernel.[28]

The list of open-source components used by the different releases of WebOS, as well as the source code of and patches applied to each component, is available at the Palm Open Source web page.[28] This page also serves as a reference listing of the versions of WebOS that have been publicly released.

In 2011, Enyo replaced Mojo, released in June 2009, as the software development kit (SDK).[29]

Development

HP provides resources for WebOS developers[30] and instructions for enrolling in the HP Palm Developer Program.[31]

The latest version of the WebOS SDK is version 3.0.5. It can be downloaded directly from HP Palm's development center. With this SDK, developers are able to make applications for a variety of WebOS devices including the HP Veer and the HP Touchpad. Included in the SDK is also the PDK, which grants developers access to compilers, coding libraries, scripts, utilities, and documents that aid in C/C++ development. Applications can also be written in HTML5, JavaScript, and CSS using either the Mojo or Enyo framework.

The WebOS Development Center also has quick start guides that help ease the transition from iOS, web, and C/C++ development.

Milestones

DateApplications availableDownloads, cumulative
6 June 200918Launch
17 June 200930[32] 
27 June 2009301 million[33]
13 July 200930 official, 31 unofficial[34] 
16 July 200930 official1.8 million[35]
29 July 200932 official[36] 
25 August 200941 official[37] 
7 November 2009356 official[38] 
1 January 20101000 official[39] 
27 July 20103000 official[40] 
29 September 20104000 official[41] 
9 December 201110,002 official 

Decline

As of mid-2012, many applications including one from The New York Times have been precipitously pulled from the App Catalog. The actual number of remaining applications is currently unknown, but presumed to be lower than 10,000. When factoring out abandoned and/or non-functioning applications that remain in the App Catalog at present, the number is projected to be substantially lower still.

The number of currently maintained applications on the platform, defined as any application that has seen an update within the prior six months, remains a small fraction of the total as developer attrition accelerated in the latter half of 2011 after retail presence ceased, and through present in 2012 as WebOS marketshare fell to a combined (with PalmOS) 0.6% as of Q2.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In accordance with Wikipedia policy at Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks, "WebOS" is used in this article.

References

  1. ^ "Overview of WebOS". Palm, Inc.. http://developer.palm.com/index.php?o ption=com_content&view=article&am p;id=1761&Itemid=42. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  2. ^ "HP webOS Developer FAQ". palm. https://developer.palm.com/content/re sources/develop/faq.html#c31712.
  3. ^ http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/pres s-release.html?id=1375489#.USvx7qK-q2 E
  4. ^ "HP offloads Palm WebOS assets to Korea's LG". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology- 21587666. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  5. ^ TechLand: "HP Is Committed to Its 'WebOS' Platform (and It Should Be)." Ben Bajarin, June 30.
  6. ^ http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/h p-snubs-windows-plans-to-integrate-we bos-into-pcs/
  7. ^ "Thanks (really!) for the feedback". Hewlett Packard. http://blog.palm.com/palm/2011/02/tha nks-really-for-the-feedback.html.
  8. ^ "HP Breaks Promise - WebOS 2.0 Upgrades for Palm Pre and Pixi Not Coming". Brighthand.com. http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp ?newsID=17498&news=hp+palm+webos+ 2.0+pre+pixi. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  9. ^ "HP Commits to WebOS 2.0 Upgrades for All Palm Smartphones". Brighthand.com. http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp ?newsID=17244&news=HP+Palm+webOS+ 2.0+Pre+Pixi+Upgrade.
  10. ^ "HP TouchPad coming June, WebOS for PC beta by year's end". Engadget. http://www.engadget.com/2011/03/14/hp -touchpad-coming-june-webos-for-pc-be ta-by-years-end/.
  11. ^ "Apotheker Seeks to Save HP's 'Lost Soul' With Software Growth". Bloomberg. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011 -03-09/apotheker-seeks-to-save-hp-s-l ost-soul-with-software-growth.html. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  12. ^ "Developing and Distributing with HP: Developer Program Details". Hewlett-Packard Development Company. http://developer.palm.com/index.php?o ption=com_content&view=article&am p;id=1840&Itemid=34. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  13. ^ "HP Confirms Discussions with Autonomy Corporation plc Regarding Possible Business Combination; Makes Other Announcements". http://www.businesswire.com/news/home /20110818006301/en/HP-Confirms-Discus sions-Autonomy-Corporation-plc-Busine ss. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  14. ^ "HP kills WebOS, spins off PC business to focus on software". http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/ 11/08/18/hp_to_spin_off_pc_business_t o_focus_on_enterprise_software.html. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  15. ^ "HP Web OS -High connectivity, stability and security". Hewlett-Packard Development Company. http://www.hp.com/united-states/webos /us/en/tablet/touchpad-availability-b usiness.html. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  16. ^ Ina Fried (22 August 2011). "HP: WebOS Still Coming to PCs and Printers, Pre3 Launching in "Limited" Markets". AllThingsD. http://allthingsd.com/20110822/hp-web os-still-coming-to-pcs-and-printers-p re3-launching-in-limited-markets/. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  17. ^ "HP to Contribute WebOS to Open Source". News release. HP. 9 December 2011. http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/pre ss/2011/111209xa.html. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  18. ^ Arik Hesseldahl (August 15, 2012). "Meet Gram, HP’s New Name for the Company Formerly Known as Palm". All Things D. Retrieved 2012-08-17. 
  19. ^ ((cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-5749 4236-94/hp-spins-off-webos-business-r ebranding-it-as-gram/%7Cauthor=Steven Musil|date=August 15, 2012|title=HP spins off WebOS business, rebranding it as 'Gram'|work+cnet.com|accessdate=Decem ber 5, 2012}}
  20. ^ "Palm International". http://www.palm.com/intl/. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  21. ^ "Palm Unveils All-new WebOS" (Press release). Palm, Inc.. 8 January 2009. http://investor.palm.com/releasedetai l.cfm?ReleaseID=358392. Retrieved 27 May 2009.
  22. ^ http://www.palm.com/us/products/softw are/mobile-applications.html
  23. ^ Precentral (precentral.net). Homebrew Apps
  24. ^ milominderbinder (precentral.net) 2010 Jan 22. Getting Started: Homebrew Apps, Patches, and Themes with WebOS Quick Install.
  25. ^ HP WebOS Doctor.[1]
  26. ^ Derek Kessler. 2010 Oct 25.WebOS 2.0, MotionApps drops Classic PalmOS Emulator in Palm's lap.
  27. ^ MotionApps. 2010 Oct 25.Classic's Got a Brand New Home! MotionApps Hands Classic Over to Palm
  28. ^ a b "Open Source Packages - Palm". opensource.palm.com. http://opensource.palm.com/packages.h tml. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  29. ^ Jesse Mendoza (30 March 2010). "HP Rolls Out WebOS 3.0 Beta with Enyo On Board". http://www.webosroundup.com/2011/03/h p-rolls-out-webos-3-0-beta-with-enyo- on-board/.
  30. ^ "HP Palm Developer Center". Hewlett-Packard Development Company. http://developer.palm.com/. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  31. ^ "Developing and Distributing with HP: Developer Program Details". Hewlett-Packard Development Company. http://developer.palm.com/index.php?o ption=com_content&view=article&am p;id=1840&Itemid=34. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  32. ^ Barletta, Bryan (18 June 2009). "Palm Pre Prepared For The Spotlight?". Medialets. Medialets, Inc. http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06 /18/palm-pre-prepared-for-the-spotlig ht/.
  33. ^ Barletta, Bryan (24 June 2009). "Palm Pre App Catalog Reaches 1 Million Downloads". Medialets. Medialets, Inc. http://www.medialets.com/blog/2009/06 /24/palm-pre-app-catalog-reaches-1-mi llion-downloads/.
  34. ^ Bohn, Dieter (10 July 2009). "Palm Pre Homebrew: 31 Apps. Official App Catalog: 30". PreCentral.net. Smartphone Experts. http://www.precentral.net/palm-pre-ho mebrew-31-apps-official-app-catalog-3 0.
  35. ^ http://www.theiphoneblog.com/2009/07/ 21/apple-q3-2009-conference-call/
  36. ^ "BREAKING NEWS: 2 New Apps on App Catalog". preThinking. 29 July 2009. http://www.prethinking.com/home/2009/ 7/29/breaking-news-2-new-apps-on-app- catalog.html. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  37. ^ Tofel, Kevinn C. (24 August 2009). "Official Palm Pre App List Growing — Word Ace Rocks!". GigaOm. Retrieved 27 April 2012. 
  38. ^ Bohn, Dieter (7 November 2009). "New in the App Catalog for 7 November, 2009". webOS Nation. http://www.precentral.net/new-app-cat alog-7-november-2009. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  39. ^ Werlinger, Robert (1 January 2010). "App Catalog Hits 1000 apps". webOS Nation. http://www.precentral.net/app-catalog -hits-1000-apps. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  40. ^ St. Andrie, Ryan (27 July 2010). "App Catalog Breaks Through 3000". webOSroundup. http://www.webosroundup.com/2010/07/a pp-catalog-over-3000/. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  41. ^ Bohn, Dieter (29 September 2010). "webOS surpasses 5,000 apps". webOS Nation. http://www.webosnation.com/webos-surp asses-5-000-apps. Retrieved 27 April 2012.

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