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Linux-libre

Linux-libre
Freedo, official mascot of Linux-libre
Linux-Libre 3.0.66-1 Boot.png
Linux-libre kernel 3.0.66-1 booting
Company / developerFree Software Foundation Latin America
Programmed inC and Assembly language
OS familyUnix-like
Initial releaseFebruary 20, 2008 (2008-02-20)[1]
Latest stable releaseKernel: 3.8.4[2] / March 20, 2013; 6 days ago (2013-03-20)
Available language(s)English
Kernel typeMonolithic
LicenseGPL 2
Official websitefsfla.org/svnwiki/selibre/linux-libre /index.en.html

Linux-libre is an operating system kernel and a GNU package [3] that is maintained from modified versions of the Linux kernel. The aim of the project is to remove any software that does not include its source code, has its source code obfuscated or released under proprietary licenses from the Linux kernel. The parts that have no source code are called binary blobs and are generally proprietary firmware which, while generally redistributable, generally do not give the user the freedom to modify or study them. It is a prominent example of free software.

Contents

History

Linux started including binary blobs in 1996.[4] The work to clear out the binary blobs began in 2006 with gNewSense's find-firmware and gen-kernel. This work was taken further by BLAG in 2007 with deblob and Linux-libre was born.[5][6] Linux-libre was first released by the Free Software Foundation Latin America (FSFLA), then endorsed by the Free Software Foundation[7] as a valuable component for the totally free Linux distributions. It became a GNU package on March 2012.[8] Alexandre Oliva is the project maintainer.

Method of proprietary firmware removal

The removal process is achieved by using a script called deblob-main.[9] This script is inspired by the one used for gNewSense. Jeff Moe made subsequent modifications to meet certain requirements for its use with the BLAG Linux and GNU distribution. There is another script called deblob-check,[10] which is used to check if a kernel source file, a patch or a compressed sources file still contains software which is suspected of being proprietary.

Effects of removing proprietary firmware

Aside from the primary intended effect of running a system with only free software, the practical consequences of removing device firmware that a user is not allowed to study or modify has both positive and negative effects.

Advantages include the removal of device firmware which cannot be audited for bugs and security problems, or fixed by the Linux kernel maintainers themselves even if they know of them. It is possible for the entire system to be compromised by a malicious firmware, and without the ability to perform a security audit on manufacturer-provided firmware, even an innocent bug could undermine the safety of the running system.[11]

The downside of removing proprietary firmware from the kernel is that it will cause loss of functionality of certain hardware that does not have a free software replacement available. This affects certain sound, video, TV tuner, and network cards, as well as some other devices. When possible, free software replacement firmware is provided as a substitute.[12]

Availability

The source code and precompiled packages of the deblobbed Linux kernel are available directly from the distributions which use the Linux-Libre scripts. Freed-ora is a subproject which prepares and maintains RPM packages based on the Fedora kernel.[13] There are also precompiled packages for Debian[14] and derived distributions such as Ubuntu.[15]

Distributions

Parabola GNU/Linux uses Linux-libre as its default kernel.
Trisquel implements 100% free kernels based on Linux-libre since version 2.1.

Distributions in which Linux-libre is the default kernel used:

Distributions in which Linux is the default kernel used and which propose Linux-libre as alternate kernel:

The following distributions have announced plans to use Linux-libre as its kernel:

Real-time version

The kernel of the dyne:bolic distribution has been compiled to work in real-time, giving it better performance for multimedia editing and other tasks which require hard latency guarantees.[24] In addition, a realtime kernel is available in Trisquel and Parabola[26] as an optional download.

See also

References

  1. ^ blag-announce (February 20, 2008). "[blag-devel linux-libre"]. http://lists.autistici.org/message/20 080221.002845.467ba592.en.html. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  2. ^ [|GNU Linux-Libre - Free Software Directory] (February 19, 2013). [directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU_Linux-lib re "GNU Linux-libre"]. directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU_Linux-libr e. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  3. ^ [1] directory.fsf.org
  4. ^ Take your freedom back, with Linux-2.6.33-libre FSFLA, 2010.
  5. ^ Alexandre Oliva: Linux-libre and the prisoners’ dilemma FSFLA, 2009.
  6. ^ a b jebba: BLAG :: View topic - Linux Libre BLAG forums, 2008.
  7. ^ Free Software Foundation. "Linux (BLOB free version)". Free Software Directory. http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Linux_% 28BLOB_free_version%29. Retrieved December 6, 2011. "[...] in the interest of freedom, we are providing a link to a version of the kernel in which this proprietary code has been removed so that it is entirely free software"
  8. ^ Oliva, Alexandre (2012-03-19). "GNU Linux-libre 3.3-gnu is now available". info-gnu. http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/inf o-gnu/2012-03/msg00013.html. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
  9. ^ Free Software Foundation Latin America. "How it is done". Linux-libre, Free as in Freedo. http://fsfla.org/svnwiki/selibre/linux-libre /index.en.html#how. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  10. ^ "fsfla - Revision 8200: /software/linux-libre/scripts". Free Software Foundation Latin America. http://fsfla.org/svn/fsfla/software/l inux-libre/scripts/. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  11. ^ Delugré, Guillaume (2010-11-21). "Reversing the Broacom NetExtreme's Firmware" (PDF). hack.lu. Sogeti. http://esec-lab.sogeti.com/dotclear/p ublic/publications/10-hack.lu-nicreve rse_slides.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  12. ^ "LinuxLibre:Devices that require non-free firmware". LibrePlanet. 2011-02-05. http://libreplanet.org/wiki/LinuxLibr e:Devices_that_require_non-free_firmw are. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  13. ^ Free Software Foundation Latin America. "Linux-libre's Freed-ora project". http://fsfla.org/svnwiki/selibre/linu x-libre/freed-ora. Retrieved December 6, 2011. "Freed-ora is a sub-project that prepares and maintains 100% Free RPMs that track Fedora's non-Free kernels"
  14. ^ Millan, Robert (April 23, 2009). "Linux-libre for Debian Lenny". [Debian Mailing Lists] Announcements for developers mailing list. http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel- announce/2009/04/msg00010.html. Retrieved May 12, 2009. "This is to announce that Debian packages of Linux-libre [...] are now available for Lenny users who want to use them [...]"
  15. ^ Gündüz, Ali. "Uncle Gnufs' World Famous Home Baked Free Kernel Shoppe". aligunduz.org. http://aligunduz.org/gNewSense/. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  16. ^ "ConnochaetOS". http://www.connochaetos.org/wiki/. Retrieved December 6, 2011. "ConnochaetOS [...] feature: a current Linux-Libre “LTS” kernel [...]"
  17. ^ Dragora overview dragora.org
  18. ^ RMS GNU/Linux-libre (2011). "RMS GNU/Linux-libre". http://rmsgnulinux.com.ar/. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  19. ^ "Index of /repos/venenux/pool/principal/l/linux -source-2.6.28.7-venenux-libre". VENENUX GNU/LINUX. August 24, 2009. http://venenux.org/repos/venenux/pool /principal/l/linux-source-2.6.28.7-ve nenux-libre/. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  20. ^ Arch Linux (August 9, 2011). "linux-libre 3.1-2". AUR. https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.ph p?ID=51364. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  21. ^ Fossi, Damián (August 24, 2009). "Linux-Libre: Resumen del proyecto [Linux-Libre: Proyect abstract]" (in Castilian). Forja. http://forja.softwarelibre.gob.ve/pro jects/linux-libre/. Retrieved December 6, 2001.
  22. ^ O'Kelly, Tim (April 14, 2009). "Bug 266157". Gentoo's Bugzilla. Gentoo Linux. https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi? id=266157. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  23. ^ "Licenses: Common Setups". Gentoo Wiki. Gentoo Linux. August 6, 2012. http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Licens es#Common_Setups. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  24. ^ a b jaromil (September 10, 2008). "[LAT] hello, dyne:bolic -rt and freeeee". [Fundación Software Libre América Latina] Linux-audio-tuning mailing list. http://lists.linuxaudio.org/pipermail /linux-audio-tuning/2008-September/00 0059.html. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  25. ^ "ftp://musix.ourproject.org/pub/musix /deb/kernel/2.6.26-libre-rt [Index of ftp://musix.ourproject.org/]" (in Castilian). Índice de ftp://musix.ourproject.org/. ftp://musix.ourproject.org/pub/musix/ deb/kernel/2.6.26-libre-rt. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  26. ^ "http://repo.parabolagnulinux.org/ker nels/os/i686/". Index of http://repo.parabolagnulinux.org/kern els/os/i686/. http://repo.parabolagnulinux.org/kern els/os/i686/. Retrieved December 6, 2011.

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