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MeeGo

MeeGo
MeeGo logo.svg
Notebook Edition
Company / developerNokia
OS familyLinux
Working stateCancelled
Initial release26 May 2010 (2010-05-26)
Latest stable release1.2.0.10 / July 12, 2012; 8 months ago (2012-07-12)
Marketing targetMobile
Available language(s)India,Thai,Bangladesh
Package managerRPM Package Manager
Supported platformsARM and x86
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
LicenseVarious, see below

MeeGo was a Linux-based free mobile operating system project, which lives on in a fork called Mer.[1] Primarily targeted at mobile devices and information appliances in the consumer electronics market, MeeGo is designed to act as an operating system for hardware platforms such as netbooks, entry-level desktops, nettops, tablet computers, mobile computing and communications devices, in-vehicle infotainment devices, SmartTV / ConnectedTV, IPTV-boxes, smart phones, and other embedded systems.[2] MeeGo is currently hosted by the Linux Foundation.[3]

The Linux Foundation canceled MeeGo in September 2011 in favor of Tizen.[4] A new Finnish start-up, Jolla, has announced in July 2012 that they will pick up MeeGo’s community-driven successor Mer,[5] to develop a new operating system called Sailfish OS, and launch a smartphone in 2013.[6]

Contents

History

MeeGo was first announced at Mobile World Congress in February 2010 by Intel and Nokia in a joint press conference. The stated aim is to merge the efforts of Intel's Moblin and Nokia's Maemo former projects into one new common project. According to Intel, MeeGo was developed because Microsoft did not offer comprehensive Windows 7 support for the Atom processor.[7] Aminocom and Novell also play a large part in the MeeGo effort, working with the Linux Foundation on their build infrastructure and official MeeGo products. Amino was responsible for extending MeeGo to TV devices,[8] while Novell is increasingly introducing technology that was originally developed for openSUSE, (including Open Build Service, ZYpp for package management, and other system management tools).[2][9] In November 2010, AMD also joined the alliance of companies that were actively developing MeeGo.[10]

Harmattan, originally slated to become Maemo 6, is now considered to be a MeeGo instance (though not a MeeGo product), and Nokia is giving up the Maemo branding for Harmattan on the Nokia N9 and beyond (Maemo 5, aka Fremantle, and previous versions will still be referred to as Maemo).[11]

On 27 September 2011 it was announced by Intel employee Imad Sousou that in collaboration with Samsung MeeGo will be replaced by Tizen during 2012.[4][12][13][14][15][16]

Community developers from the Mer project however plan to continue MeeGo without Intel and Nokia. So far it is not clear whether they will be allowed to continue to use the MeeGo trademark.[17][18][19]

Overview

MeeGo is intended to run on a variety of hardware platforms including handhelds, in-car devices, netbooks and televisions.[20] All platforms share the MeeGo core, with different “User Experience” (“UX”) layers for each type of device.

System requirements

MeeGo provides support for both ARM and Intel x86 processors with SSSE3 enabled[21] and uses btrfs as the default file system.[22]

User interfaces

Screenshot of MeeGo’s Netbook UX

Within the MeeGo project there are several graphical user interfaces – internally called User Experiences (“UX”).

Netbook

The Netbook UX is a continuation of the Moblin interface. It is written using the Clutter-based Mx toolkit, and uses the Mutter window manager.

Samsung Netbook NP-N100 use MeeGo for its operating system.[23]

MeeGo’s netbook version uses several Linux applications in the background, such as Evolution (Email, calendar), Empathy (instant messaging), Gwibber (microblogging), Chromium (web browser), and Banshee (multimedia player), all integrated into the graphical user interface.

Handset

Handset UX from MeeGo 1.1 “Day 1”

The Handset UX is based on Qt, but GTK+ and Clutter will be included to provide compatibility for Moblin applications.[21] To support the hundreds of Hildon-based Maemo applications, users have to install the Hildon library ported by the maemo.org community. Depending on the device, applications will be provided from either the Intel AppUp or the Nokia Ovi digital software distribution systems.[24]

The MeeGo Handset UX’s “Day 1” prerelease was on 30 June 2010. The preview was initially available for the Aava Mobile Intel Moorestown platform, and a ‘kickstart’ file provided for developers to build an image for the Nokia N900.[25][26]

Smartphone

MeeGo os v1.2 Harmattan use in Nokia N9 and N950.

Tablet

MeeGo’s Tablet UX as a pre-alpha version

Intel demonstrated the Tablet UX on a Moorestown-based tablet PC at COMPUTEX Taipei in early June 2010.

Since then, some information appeared on MeeGo website indicating there will be a Tablet UX part of the MeeGo project, but it is not known if this UX will be the one demonstrated by Intel. This Tablet UX will be fully free like the rest of the MeeGo project and will be coded with Qt and the MeeGo Touch Framework.[27] Intel has revealed interest in combining Qt with Wayland display server instead of the often seen Qt/X11 combination in MeeGo Touch in order to utilize the latest graphics technologies supported by Linux kernel, which should improve user experiences and reduce system complexity.[28][29]

Minimum hardware requirements are currently unknown.

The WeTab runs MeeGo with a custom user interface and has been available since September 2010.[30]

In-Vehicle Infotainment

MeeGo’s IVI UX as shipped with MeeGo 1.1

The GENIVI Alliance, a consortium of several car makers and their industry partners, uses Moblin with Qt as base for its 'GENIVI 1.0 Reference Platform' for In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) and automotive navigation system as a uniformed mobile computing platform. Graham Smethurst of GENIVI Alliance and BMW Group announced in April 2010 the switch from Moblin to MeeGo.[31][32]

Smart TV

Intel are planning on developing a version of MeeGo for IPTV set top boxes.[33]

Licensing

The MeeGo framework consists of a wide variety of original and upstream components, all of which are licensed under licenses certified by the Free Initiative (such as the GNU General Public License). In order to allow hardware vendors to personalize their device's user experiences, the project's license policy requires that MeeGo's reference User Experience subsystems be licensed under a Permissive free software license – except for libraries that extend MeeGo API's (which were licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License to help discourage fragmentation), or applications (which can be licensed separately.[34]

Technical foundations

Core OS

The MeeGo Core operating system is a Linux distribution, drawing on[vague] Nokia’s Debian-based Maemo and Intel’s Fedora-based Moblin.[35] MeeGo is one of the first Linux distributions to use the Btrfs file system as default, and uses RPM repositories.

Architecture

Software development

The officially endorsed way to develop MeeGo applications is to use the Qt framework and Qt Creator as development environment, but writing GTK applications is also supported.[36]

openSUSE’s Build Service is used to compile the applications.[37]

API

According to the last available specification the API consists of:

  • Qt 4.7 [Qt47]
  • Qt Mobility 1.0 [QtMob]
  • OpenGL ES 2.0 [OGLES][38]

Derivatives

As with Moblin before, MeeGo also serves as a technology pool that software vendors can access to build their products from. So far only ports of the graphical user interfaces to other Linux distributions have been announced.

MeeGo/Harmattan

Even though MeeGo was initiated as collaboration between Nokia and Intel, the collaboration was formed when Nokia was already developing the next incarnation of its Maemo Linux distribution. As a result, the Maemo 6 base operating system will be kept intact while the Handset UX will be shared, with the name changed to “MeeGo/Harmattan”.[11]

On 21 June 2011, Nokia announced its first MeeGo/Harmattan smartphone device, Nokia N9.[39]

SUSE and Smeegol Linux

On 1 June 2010, Novell announced that they would ship a SUSE Linux incarnation with MeeGo’s Netbook UX (MeeGo User Experience) graphical user interface.[40]

A MeeGo-based Linux distribution with this user interface is already available from openSUSE's Goblin Team under the name Smeegol Linux, this project combines MeeGo with openSUSE to get a new netbook-designed Linux distribution. What makes Smeegol Linux unique when compared to the upstream MeeGo or openSUSE is that this distribution is at its core based on openSUSE but has the MeeGo User Experience as well as a few other changes such as adding the Mono-based Banshee media player, NetworkManager-powered network configuration, a newer version of Evolution Express, and more. Any end-users can also build their own customized Smeegol Linux OS using SUSE Studio.[9][41]

Fedora

Fedora 14 contains a selection of software from the MeeGo project.[42]

Linpus

Linpus Technologies is working on bringing their services on top of MeeGo Netbook and MeeGo Tablet.[43][44]

Splashtop

The latest version of the instant-on OS Splashtop-platform (by Splashtop Inc. which was previously named DeviceVM Inc.) is compliant with MeeGo, and future version of Splashtop will be based on MeeGo and will be available for commercial use in the first half of 2011.[45][46]

Mer

The original Mer project was a free reimplementation of Maemo for Nokia Internet Tablets N800. When MeeGo first appeared this work was discontinued and effort went to MeeGo.

After both Nokia and then Intel abandoned MeeGo, the project was revived and continued to develop the MeeGo codebase and tools. It is now being developed in the open by a meritocratic community. Mer provides a Core capable of running various UXes developed by various other projects, and will include maintained application development APIs, such as Qt, EFL, HTML5/WAC, etc. Mer also provides numerous systems and tools such as an enhanced OBS, BOSS process automation; as well as a platform SDK and a Qt/QML application development SDK.

Some of the former MeeGo UXes were already ported to run on top of Mer, such as the handset reference UX, now called Nemo Mobile. There are also a couple of new tablet UXes available, such as Cordia and Plasma Active. Mer is considered to be the legitimate successor of Meego, as the other project follow-up project Tizen (see below) changed the APIs fundamentally. In contrary to Tizen approach other project follow-up the Sailfish project (see below) follows APIs and other rules systematically, and also actively contribute code as open source for the Mer.

Tizen

Although Tizen was initially announced as a continuation of the MeeGo effort, there is little shared effort and architecture between these projects, since Tizen inherited much more from Samsung's LiMo than from MeeGo. As most of the Tizen work is happening behind closed doors and is done by Intel and Samsung engineers, the people involved in the former MeeGo open souce project continued their work under the Mer operating system core and under other projects associated with it. Because Tizen does not use the Qt framework,[47] which is the core part of Meego's API (see above), Tizen cannot technically be considered to be a derivate of MeeGo.

Sailfish

Jolla Oy, the Finnish startup formed by ex-Nokians continues the work started by Nokia that produced the Nokia N9 with the MeeGo version Harmattan. After Nokia abandoned their participation in the MeeGo project, the directors and core professionals from Nokia's N9 team left the company and together formed Jolla, to bring MeeGo back to market mainstream. The will to use potential and business opportunity of MeeGo caused that finally the Sailfish OS has been created. The Sailfish OS by Jolla and the Sailfish OS SDK are based on the core and the tools of the Mer core distribution,[48] which is a revival of the core of the MeeGo project[49] (a meritocracy-governed and managed successor of the MeeGo OS, but without its own Graphical User Interface and without system kernel). Sailfish includes a multi-tasking user interface that Jolla intends to use to differentiate its smartphones from others and as a competitive advantage against devices that run Google's Android or Apple's iOS.[50] Sailfish OS is characterised, among other things, by:

  • can be used with wide range of devices in the same way as MeeGo
  • Jolla continues to use the MeeGo APIs (via the Mer core), which consists of:
    • Qt 4.7 [Qt47]
    • Qt Mobility 1.0 [QtMob]
    • OpenGL ES 2.0 [OGLES] [38]
    • updated version, like Qt 5.0 are or will be used in/via Mer core;
  • unlike MeeGo, use RPM packages;
  • an in-house Jolla user interface (successor of swipe UI) for smartphone devices;
  • use QML, Qt and HTML5;
  • thanks to Mer core can run on several hardware like Intel, ARM and any other which have a kernel able to work with Mer core;
  • open source but some Jolla's UI elements, hence interested in further development can involve through Mer project or Sailfish Alliance or Jolla;
  • Jolla, so Sailfish team, is active contributor for the Mer project and standard.

Unofficially Sailfish OS is expected to be continuation of development and a better successor of MeeGo Harmattan, because of using the Mer, and also because the Sailfish is created in frames of Jolla by former members of Nokia team which has created legendary Nokia N9 and it's success.

Release schedule

It was announced at the Intel Developer Forum 2010 that MeeGo would follow a six month release schedule. Version 1.0 for Atom netbooks and a code drop for the Nokia N900 became available for download as of Wednesday, 26 May 2010[update].

VersionKernel versionRelease dateNotesDevices Supported (Netbooks)Devices Supported (Handsets)Codename
1.02.6.33[51]26 May 2010[52]Primarily a Netbook release; only a code drop was released for mobile devices (the Nokia N900).Asus EeePC 901, 1000H, 1001P, 1005HA, 1005PE, 1008HA,X101, Eeetop ET1602, Dell mini10v, Inspiron Mini 1012, Acer Aspire One D250, AO532-21S, Revo GN40, Aspire 5740-6025, Lenovo S10, MSI U100, U130, AE1900, HP mini 210-1044, Toshiba NB302.Nokia N900 (No handset UX).Arlington
1.0.12.6.33.5[53]July 2010[53]Update to MeeGo 1.0; Kernel updated to 2.6.33.5, USB device loading time improved, improved 3D performance, browser enhancements, resolved multiple e-mail client issue, enhanced netbook window manager, improved visuals, full support for GNOME proxy configuration in the media player, more control over DNS settings.[53]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneBoston
1.0.22.6.33.5[54]9 August 2010[54]Update to MeeGo 1.0; X-Server Update, Connection Manager Update, Package Manager UI Update, Perl Update and several more.[54]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneCupertino
1.0.32.6.33.5[55]10 September 2010[55]Update to MeeGo 1.0; several Updates, e.g. Chromium browser, Connection Manager[55]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneDallas
1.0.42.6.33.5[56]12 October 2010[56]Update to MeeGo 1.0; several security updates, better support for Lenovo S10-3, ...[56]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneEmeryville
1.0.5Unknown[56]28 November 2010[56]MeeGo core update.[57]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneFairbanks
1.0.6Unknown[56]4 January 2011[56]MeeGo core update.[58]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneGeorgetown
1.0.7Unknown[56]24 February 2011[56]MeeGo Netbook software update.[59]All Netbooks supported by MeeGo 1.0; see above.NoneHonolulu
1.12.6.35[60]28 October 2010[61]Touch-based devices support proposed with the Handset UX[62]UnknownAava and Nokia N900Irvine
1.1.12.6.35[63]28 November 2010[63]Several Fixes and Updates[63]UnknownAava and Nokia N900Jefferson
1.1.22.6.35[64]7 January 2011[64]Several security issues fixed, update syncevolution and connman[64]Unknown Knoxville
1.1.32.6.35[65]24 February 2011[65]Fixed many important security issues, enabled all programs to access remote files over network and updated translation[65]Unknown Lakeside
1.1.992.6.35[65]24 February 2011[65]Beta testing of MeeGo 1.2 for Nokia N900 and other handsets.[66]Unknown Mallard
1.22.6.37[67]19 May 2011 UnknownNokia N950 (developers only) and Nokia N9Newark
1.32.6.37October 2011 (canceled) UnknownNokia N950 (developers only) and Nokia N9Otsego

Project planning

Launch

In February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft for mobile handsets[68] and the departure of Nokia's MeeGo team manager Alberto Torres,[69] leading to speculation as to Nokia's future participation in MeeGo development or using Windows Phone by Nokia.

In September 2011, Nokia began shipping the first MeeGo smartphone Nokia N9, ahead of the Windows Phone 7 launch expected later this year.[70][71] The first MeeGo-based tablet WeTab was launched in 2010 by Neofonie.

In early July 2012, Nokia's Meego development lead Sotiris Makyrgiannis and other team members left Nokia.[72]

Companies supporting the project

CompanyIndustrySupport for MeeGoTargeted Device
AcerComputer systems and HardwareIconia M500 tablet will run MeeGo[73]Tablets and Notebooks
AMDComputer systems and HardwareWill contribute Engineering resources to the free MeeGo project[74]Laptops and PCs
AminoHome EntertainmentThe Amino Freedom Jump and Freedom Media Centre products are based on MeeGo[75]Set Top Box
AsusComputer Systems and HardwareThe Asus Eee PC X101 will have a MeeGo operating system option[76]Laptop
AsianuxSoftwareThe MeeGo version of the Midinux 3.0 tablet is based on Asianux Linux[77]Tablet
basysKomSoftware ConsultingIs working on a MeeGo Tablet User Interface[78]Tablet
CollaboraSoftwareProvide Consulting for MeeGo[79]None
CS2CSoftwareThey are creating a MeeGo Tablet[80]Tablet
DeviceVMComputer and SoftwareUses MeeGo for Splash Top PC's[81]PC
EA MobileGamingVerbally supports MeeGo and has declared its intention to use it for future mobile games[82]Tablets and smartphones
GameloftGamingVerbally supports MeeGo and has declared its intention to use it for future mobile games[82]Tablets and smartphones
GENIVI AllianceAutoHas standardized on MeeGo for auto infotainment (IVI) system.[83]IVI
GMAutoMember of the GENIVI Alliance that has standardized on MeeGo for Automobil Infotainment Systems (IVI)[83]IVI
HancomComputer Software[82]Plans to spread MeeGo to the Korean marketPC and Laptop
IgaliaSoftware ConsultingDevelopment of MeeGo and Sponsor of MeeGo at the Dublin 2010 conference[84]From Mobile devices to Desktop
Integrated Computer SolutionsSoftware ConsultingDevelops custom software for MeeGo device suppliers.[85]Embedded and Mobile devices
IntelSemiconductorsCore sponsor and developer of MeeGoSmartphones
Jaguar Land RoverAutoThey plan to use MeeGo for their New car Infotainment[86]IVI
LanedoSoftware ConsultingSoftware Development of MeeGo and Sponsor of MeeGo at the San Francisco 2011 conference[87]Embedded device to desktops
LinaroSoftwareOptimises MeeGo for high performance on ARM[88]Mobile-devices
LinpusSoftware OSCreated the Linpus Lite Computer with a MeeGo OS[89]Laptops and netbooks
MandrivaSoftware IndustryThe Mandriva minis will run on MeeGo[90]PC and laptops
MetasysComputer and SoftwareUses a MeeGo based operating system[91]Laptop PC
NokiaTelecommunications and Computer SoftwareNokia had two MeeGo handsets, the N9 and N950. Abandoned MeeGo development in favor of Microsoft's Windows Phone in 2011.Smart Phones
PixArtSoftware DevelopmentProvides an operating system for the Intel Atom Processor[92]Desktop PCs
PSA Peugeot CitroenAuto ManufacturingThey plan to use MeeGo for their New car Infotainment[93]IVI
Red FlagLinux OSPlans on incorporating portions of MeeGo (the UI) into their Linux distribution.[94]Tablet and IVI
ST-EricssonWireless semiconductorThe U8500 Platform will include MeeGo[95]Smart Phones
TencentOnline Service ProviderPlans to work on Next gen mobile devices and apps, using MeeGo[96]Smart Phones
TurboLinuxLinux OSTurboLinux has expressed its support for MeeGo[82]Smart Phones
Wind RiverMobile SoftwareOwned by Intel, plans on porting MeeGo to other platforms.[97]Smart Phones

More companies can be found in http://meego.com/about/public-support -meego and http://www.linuxfoundation.org/node/6 144.

See also

References

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