Komputer Sains    
   
Daftar Isi ☛
(Sebelumnya) Bitwise operationBlackBerry Enterprise Server (Berikutnya)

BlackBerry (company)

Research In Motion Limited
Trading nameBlackBerry[1]
TypePublic
Traded as
  • TSX: BB (2013–)
  • NASDAQ: BBRY (2013–)
  • S&P/TSX 60 Component
  • TSX: RIM (1998–2013)
  • NASDAQ: RIMM (1998–2013)
IndustryTelecommunications equipment
Founded1984 (1984)
Founder(s)
  • Mike Lazaridis
HeadquartersWaterloo, Ontario, Canada
Area servedWorldwide
Key people
  • Barbara Stymiest
    (Chairwoman)
  • Thorsten Heins
    (President & CEO)
  • Mike Lazaridis
    (Vice Chairman)
Products
RevenueIncrease US$ 18.435 billion (2012)[2]
Operating incomeIncrease US$ 01.490 billion (2012)[2]
Net incomeDecrease US$ 01.164 billion (2012)[2]
Total assetsDecrease US$ 13.731 billion (2012)[2]
Total equityDecrease US$ 10.100 billion (2012)[2]
Employees13,400 (Dec 2012)[3]
Websiteblackberry.com

Research In Motion Limited (RIM), doing business as BlackBerry,[1][4] is a Canadian telecommunication and wireless equipment company best known as the developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones and tablets. The company is headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by Mike Lazaridis, who served as its co-CEO along with Jim Balsillie until January 22, 2012. Its current CEO is Thorsten Heins.

Contents

History

Logo as Research in Motion, used until January 30, 2013

Research in Motion was founded in 1984 by Mike Lazaridis; he named the company in reference to the term "poetry in motion", which he had recently encountered in a football-related article in a newspaper.[5]

Early models and enterprise growth

The company worked with RAM Mobile Data and Ericsson to turn the Ericsson-developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two-way paging and wireless e-mail network. Pivotal in this development was the release of the Inter@ctive Pager 950, which started shipping in August 1998. About the size of a bar of soap, this device competed against the SkyTel two-way paging network developed by Motorola.

RIM's early development was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors in 1995 through a private placement in the privately held company. Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round[6] with a C$5,000,000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM's two-way paging system hardware and software. A total of C$30,000,000 in pre-IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 1998 under the symbol RIM.[7]

In 1999, RIM introduced the BlackBerry 850 pager. Named in reference to the resemblance of its keyboard's keys to the druplets of the blackberry fruit, the device could receive push email from a Microsoft Exchange Server using its complementary server software, BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). The introduction of the BlackBerry set the stage for future enterprise-oriented products from the company, such as the BlackBerry 957 in April 2000, the first BlackBerry smartphone. The BlackBerry OS platform and BES continued to increase in functionality—while the incorporation of encryption and S/MIME support helped BlackBerry devices gain increased usage by governments and businesses.[8][9]

Expansion into consumer segment

RIM soon began to introduce BlackBerry devices aimed towards the consumer market as well, beginning with the BlackBerry Pearl 8100—the first BlackBerry phone to include multimedia features such as a camera. The introduction of the Pearl series was highly successful, as was the subsequent Curve 8300 series and Bold 9000. Extensive carrier partnerships fueled the rapid expansion of BlackBerry users globally in both enterprise and consumer markets.

Emergence of competition

The arrival of the first Apple iPhone in 2007 caused much fanfare and speculation that the BlackBerry might have its first serious competition. Boasting a powerful mobile browser, a new touch screen interface, strong multimedia capabilities and (later) a bundled application storefront with many mobile apps, the iPhone was referred to as a "BlackBerry Killer" by some in the media. The introduction of Apple's iPhone on the AT&T network in the fall of 2007 in the United States prompted RIM to produce its first touchscreen smartphone for the competing Verizon network in 2008— the BlackBerry Storm. The Storm sold well but suffered from mixed to poor reviews and poor customer satisfaction.[9][10] The iPhone initially lagged behind the BlackBerry in both shipments and active users, due to RIM's head start and larger carrier distribution network. In the United States, the BlackBerry user—base peaked at approximately 21 million users in the fall of 2010[11][12][13] using a BlackBerry. That quarter, the company's global subscriber base stood at 36 million users.[14] As the iPhone and Google Android accelerated growth in the United States, the BlackBerry began to churn to other smartphone platforms. Nonetheless, the BlackBerry line as a whole continued to enjoy success, spurned on by strong international growth. As of December 1, 2012, the company had 79 million BlackBerry users globally [15] with only 9 million remaining in the United States.[16]

Transition

Even as the company continued to grow worldwide, investors and media became increasingly alarmed about the company's ability to compete with new competitors and with the strategic direction of the co-CEOs. Following attempts to upgrade their existing Java platform, the company made numerous acquisitions to help it create a new, more powerful BlackBerry platform. This included the acquisition of QNX software to power the new platform.[17] On September 27, 2010, RIM announced the long rumoured BlackBerry PlayBook tablet computer, the first product running on the new QNX platform. The BlackBerry PlayBook was officially released to US and Canadian consumers on April 19, 2011. It was criticized for being rushed to market in an incomplete state and sold poorly. Following the shipments of 900,000 tablets during its first three quarters on market, slow sales and inventory pileups prompted the company to reduce prices and to write down the inventory value by $485 million.[18] Despite the poor reception to the PlayBook, the company moved forwards with plans to release phones based upon the modern QNX operating system on the tablet. The task proved to be daunting, with the company delaying the launch in December 2011 to some time in 2012.[19] Slowing growth prompted the company to undertake a lay—off of 2000 employees in the summer of 2011.[20]

In September 2011, the company's BlackBerry service suffered a massive outage, impacting millions of customers for several days. The outage embarrassingly occurred as Apple prepared to launch the iPhone 4S, causing fears of mass defections from the platform.[21] On January 22, 2012, Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie resigned as the CEOs of the company, handing the reigns over to executive, Thorsten Heins.[22] On March 29, 2012, the company reported its first net loss in years.[23] Heins set about the task of restructuring the company, including announcing plans to lay off 5,000 employees, replacing numerous executives and delaying the new QNX based operating system for phones ("BlackBerry 10") a second time into January 2013.[24]

In January 2013, the new BlackBerry 10 platform was launched, announcing the BlackBerry Z10 and Q10 smartphones in the process. The company changed its name from "Research In Motion" to "BlackBerry" officially.[25]

Success in marketplace

Financials

While much has been said in recent years about the impact of competition on BlackBerry's market share, the number of active BlackBerry users has increased through the years. For the fiscal period during which the Apple iPhone was first released, RIM reported that they had a user base of 10.5 million BlackBerry subscribers.[26] At the end of 2008, when Google Android first hit the market, RIM reported that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had increased to 21 million.[27][28] In the quarter ended June 28, 2012, RIM announced that the number of BlackBerry subscribers had reached 78 million globally.[29] After the release of the Apple iPhone 5 in September 2012 RIM CEO Thorsten Heins announced that the current global users is up to 80 million, which sparked a 7% jump in shares.[30] Until recent quarters, the company has also operated profitably.

Fiscal YearSales ($ millions)Operating Income ($ millions)Net Income ($ millions)Active BlackBerry Subscribers
2002[31] 294  (58)  (28)
2003[31]307(64)(149)534,000
2004[31]59578521,069,000
2005[31]1,3503862062,510,000
2006[31]2,0666173754,900,000
2007[31]3,0378076328,000,000
2008[31]6,0091,7311,29414,000,000
2009[31]11,0652,7221,89325,000,000
2010[31]14,9533,5072,45741,000,000
2011[31]19,9074,7393,44470,000,000
2012[31]18,5081,1642,19977,000,000

Competition

The primary competitors of the BlackBerry are smartphones running Android and the Apple iPhone, with Microsoft's Windows Phone platform emerging as a more recent competitor. For a number of years, the BlackBerry was the leading Smartphone in many markets, particularly the United States. The arrival of the Apple iPhone and later Google's Android platform caused a slowdown in BlackBerry growth and a decline in sales in some markets, most notably the United States. This has led to negative media and analyst sentiment over the company's ability to continue as an independent company.[32] BlackBerry has managed to maintain significant positions in many markets, bolstered by a large entrenched user base, cost effective phones and plans, and a growing smartphone market globally.[33]

Impact of the Apple iPhone

When the Apple iPhone was first introduced in 2007, it generated substantial media attention, with numerous media outlets calling it a "BlackBerry Killer".[34] [35] The media attention to the iPhone drew consumer interest to smartphones in general, with both RIM and Apple substantially increasing sales as the market itself grew substantially. In addition, both ate into sales of older competitors, such as Windows Mobile and Palm. While BlackBerry continued to grow, the newer iPhone grew at a faster rate.

The first three models of the iPhone (introduced in 2007) generally lagged behind the BlackBerry in sales. In October 2008, Apple briefly passed RIM in quarterly sales when they announced they had sold 6.9 million iPhones to the 6.1 sold by RIM, comparing partially overlapping quarters between the companies.[36] Though Apple's iPhone sales declined to 4.3 million in the subsequent quarter[37] and RIM's increased to 7.8 million, for some investors this indicated sign of weakness.[38] Apple's iPhone began to sell more phones quarterly than the BlackBerry in 2010, brought on by the release of the iPhone 4.[39][40]

In the United States, the BlackBerry hit its peak in September 2010, when almost 22 million users, or 37% of the 58.7 million American smartphone users at the time were using a BlackBerry.[41] BlackBerry then began to decline in use in the United States, with Apple installed base in the United States finally passing BlackBerry in April 2011.[42] Sales of the iPhone continued to accelerate, as did the Smartphone market, while the BlackBerry began to lose users continuously in the United States. By January 2013, only 7.63 million (5.9%) of the 129.40 million smartphone users in the United States were on a BlackBerry compared to 48.91 million (37.8%) on an iPhone.[43]

Impact of Google Android

Google's Android Operating System, running on hardware by a range of manufacturers including Motorola, HTC, Samsung, LG and many others was even more impacting. In January 2010, barely 3 million (7.1%) of the 42.7 million Smartphones in use at the time in the United States were running Android, compared to 18 million BlackBerry devices (43%).[44] Within a single year Android had passed the installed base of the BlackBerry in the United States.[45] As of January 2013, there are 67.68 million Smartphones in the United States running Android compared to 7.63 million running BlackBerry.

Competition-related criticisms

While RIM's secure encrypted network was attractive to corporate customers, their handsets were sometimes considered less attractive to consumers than iPhone and Android smartphones. Developers often developed consumer applications for those platforms and not the BlackBerry.[46][47] The company also faced criticism that its hardware and operating system were dated and unappealing compared to the competition and that the browsing capabilities were poorer.[48]

Changes in financial fortune

In the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended March 3, 2012, RIM shipped 11.1 million BlackBerry smartphones, down 21 percent from the previous quarter and it was the first decline in the quarter covering Christmas since 2006. For its fourth quarter, RIM announced a net loss of $125 million (the last loss before this occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005).[49] RIM was one of the biggest world market share losers in 2011 due to Samsung and HTC booming with Android OS, while RIM's share in the US market dropped to just 3 percent from 9 percent a year.[50]

On June 28, 2012, RIM reported its first quarter revenue for its 2013 fiscal year. The company incurred a GAAP net loss of $518 million for the quarter and plans to implement a $1 billion dollar cost saving initiative. The company also announced the delay of the new BlackBerry 10 OS to the first quarter of 2013.[51]

On December 2, 2012, the company reported a decline in revenue of 5% from the previous quarter and 47% from the same period the previous year. The company reported a GAAP profit of $14 million (adjusted net loss of $115 million), an improvement over previous quarters. The company also grew cash to $2.9 billion, increasing it to nearly $600 million in the quarter. The global subscriber base of BlackBerry users declined slightly for the first time to 79 million, after peaking at an all-time high of 80 million the previous quarter.[38]

Organizational changes

Leadership changes

The company was often criticized for its dual CEO structure. Under the original organization, Mike Lazardis oversaw technical functions, while Jim Balsillie oversaw sales/marketing functions.

Some saw this arrangement as a dysfunctional management structure and believed RIM acted as two companies, slowing the effort to release the new BlackBerry 10 operating system.[52][53]

On June 30, 2011, an investor push for the company to split its dual-CEO structure was unexpectedly withdrawn after an agreement was made with RIM. RIM announced that after discussions between the two groups, Northwest & Ethical Investments will withdraw its shareholder proposal before RIM's annual meeting.[54]

On January 22, 2012, RIM announced that its CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis had stepped down as CEOs. They were replaced by Thorsten Heins.[55] Heins hired investment banks RBC Capital Markets and JP Morgan to seek out potential buyers interested in RIM, while also redoubling efforts on releasing BlackBerry 10.[48]

On March 29, 2012, RIM announced a strategic review[56] of its future business strategy—which included a plan to refocus on the enterprise business and leverage on its leading position in the enterprise space.[57] Thorsten Heins noted, "We believe that BlackBerry cannot succeed if we tried to be everybody's darling and all things to all people. Therefore, we plan to build on our strength."[58]

Jim Balsillie resigned from the board of directors in March 2012, while former CEO Mike Lazaridis remains on the board.[56]

Following the assumption of role as CEO, Heins made substantial changes to the company's leadership team. Changes included the departures of Chief Technology Officer, David Yach; Chief Operating Officer, Jim Rowan;[59] Senior Vice President of Software, Alan Brenner;[60] Chief Legal Officer, Karima Bawa;[61] and Chief Information Officer, Robin Bienfait.[62] Heins subsequently hired Kristian Tear to assume the role of Chief Operating Officer, Frank Boulben to fill a long empty Chief Marketing Officer role[61] and appointed Dan Dodge, the CEO of QNX to take over as chief technology officer.[63]

Workforce reductions

In June 2011, RIM announced its prediction that Q1 2011 revenue would drop for the first time in nine years, and also unveiled plans to reduce its workforce.

In July 2011, the company cut 2, 000 jobs, the biggest lay-off in its history and the first major layoff since November 12, 2002 when the company laid off 10% of its workforce (200 employees).[64] The lay-off reduced the workforce by around 11%, from 19, 000 employees to 17, 000.[65]

On June 28, 2012, the company announced a planned workforce reduction of 5, 000 by the end of its fiscal 2013, as part of a $1 billion dollar cost savings initiative.[51]

Stock fluctuations

In June 2011, RIM stock fell to its lowest point since 2006.[66] On December 16, 2011, RIM shares fell to their lowest price since January 2004.[67] Overall in 2011, the share price tumbled 80 percent from January to December, causing its market capitalization to fall below book value. By March 2012, shares were worth less than $14, from a high of over $140 in 2008.[68][69] From June 2008 to June 2011, RIM's shareholders lost almost $70 billion, or 82 percent, as the company's market capitalization dropped from $83 billion to $13.6 billion, the biggest decline among communications-equipment providers.

Shares price fell further on July 16, closing at $7.09 on the Toronto Stock Exchange, the lowest level since September 8, 2003, after a jury in California said RIM must pay $147.2 million as a result of a patent infringement judgement that was subsequently overturned.[70]

On November 22, 2012, shares of RIM/BlackBerry surged 18%, the largest gain of the stock in over three years. This was due to National Bank of Canada analyst Kris Thompson's announcement that the new BB10 devices were expected to sell better than anticipated; along with raising the target stock price.

Platform transition

BlackBerry OS (Java)

A more serious problem was the existing Java-based BlackBerry OS which was aging, and intended to operate under much different, simpler conditions such as low powered devices, narrow network bandwidth and high security enterprises. As the needs of the mobile user evolved, the aging platform struggled with emerging trends like mobile web browsing, consumer applications, multimedia and touch screen interfaces. Users could experience performance issues, usability problems and instability.

The company tried to enhance the aging platform with a better web browser, faster performance, a bundled application store and various touch screen enhancements, but ultimately decided to build a new platform with QNX at its core.[52][71] While most other operating systems are monolithic - the malfunction of one area would cause the whole system to crash – QNX is more stable because it uses independent building blocks or "kernels", preventing a domino effect if one kernel breaks.[48] RIM's final major OS release before the release of BlackBerry 10, was BlackBerry 7, which was often criticized as dated and referred to as a temporary stopgap.

BlackBerry Tablet OS (QNX)

The BlackBerry PlayBook was the first RIM product whose BlackBerry Tablet OS was built on QNX, launched in April 2011 as an alternative to the Apple iPad. However, it was criticized for having incomplete software (it initially lacked native email, calendaring and contacts) and a poor app selection. It fared poorly until prices were substantially reduced, like most other tablet computers released that year (Android tablets such as the Motorola Xoom and Samsung Galaxy Tab, and the HP TouchPad). The BlackBerry Tablet OS received a major update in February 2012, as well as numerous minor updates.

BlackBerry 10 (QNX)

BlackBerry 10, a substantially updated version of BlackBerry Tablet OS intended for the next generation BlackBerry smartphones, was originally planned for release in early 2012. The company delayed the product several times, remembering the criticism faced by the BlackBerry Playbook launch and citing the need for it to be perfect in order to stand a chance in the market. It reached the market in early 2013.

BlackBerry 10 OS and company re-branding

Launch of BlackBerry 10 and BlackBerry Z10

After much criticism and numerous delays, RIM officially launched its new BlackBerry 10 operating system and two new smartphones based off the platform, the BlackBerry Z10 and Q10, on January 30, 2013.[9][72][73]

In discussing the decision to create a proprietary operating system instead of adopting an off-the-shelf platform such as Android, Heins noted, "If you look at other suppliers' ability to differentiate, there's very little wiggle room. We looked at it seriously – but if you understand what the promise of BlackBerry is to its user base it's all about getting stuff done. Games, media, we have to be good at it but we have to support those guys who are ahead of the game. Very little time to consume and enjoy content – if you stay true to that purpose you have to build on that basis. And if we want to serve that segment we can't do it on a me-too approach."[74]

The BlackBerry Z10, the first BlackBerry smartphone running BlackBerry 10, debuted worldwide in January 2013, going on sale immediately in the UK with other countries following. A marked departure from previous BlackBerrys, the Z10 was completely touch—screen based, featured the all new BlackBerry 10 operating system, offered a dual core processor and a high resolution display. In addition, it had 70, 000 applications at launch, which the company expected would rise to 100, 000 by the time the device made its debut in the United States.

In support of the launch, the company aired its first Super Bowl television advertisement in the U.S. and Canada during Super Bowl XLVII.[75]

Chief Operating Officer Kristian Tear remarked "We want to regain our position as the number one in the world", while Chief Marketing Officer Frank Boulben proclaimed "It could be the greatest comeback in tech history. The carriers [mobile networks] are behind us. They don't want a duopoly [Apple Inc. and Samsung]."[48]

Change of name

During the BlackBerry 10 launch event, the company also announced that it would change its public brand from Research In Motion to BlackBerry.[4][72] The name change was made to "put the BlackBerry brand at the centre" of the company's diverse brands, and because customers in some markets "already know the company as BlackBerry".[9] While a shareholder vote on an official name change to BlackBerry Limited will be held at its next annual general meeting, its ticker symbols on the TSX and NASDAQ changed to BB and BBRY respectively on February 4, 2013.[5][76]

Patent litigation

Since the turn of the century, RIM has been embroiled in a series of suits relating to alleged patent infringement.[77]

Glenayre Electronics

In 2001, Research In Motion sued competitor Glenayre Electronics[78] Inc. for patent infringement, partly in response to an earlier infringement suit filed by Glenayre against RIM. RIM sought an injunction to prevent Glenayre from infringing on RIM's "Single Mailbox Integration" patent.[79] The suit was ultimately settled in favour of RIM.

Good Technologies

In June 2002, Research In Motion filed suit against 2000 start-up and competitor Good Technology.[80] RIM filed additional complaints throughout the year.[81] In March 2004, Good agreed to a licensing deal, thereby settling the outstanding litigation.[82]

Handspring

On September 16, 2002, Research In Motion was awarded a patent pertaining to keyboard design on hand-held e-mail devices. Upon receiving the patent, it proceeded to sue Handspring over its Treo device.[81][83] Handspring eventually agreed to license RIM's patent and avoid further litigation in November of the same year.[84]

NTP

During the appeals, RIM discovered new prior art that raised a "substantial new question of patentability" and filed for a reexamination of the NTP patents in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. That reexamination was conducted separately to the court cases for infringement. In February 2006, the USPTO rejected all of NTP's claims in three disputed patents. NTP has appealed the decision, and the reexamination process was still outgoing as of July 2006 (See NTP, Inc. for details).

On March 3, 2006, RIM announced that it had settled its BlackBerry patent dispute with NTP. Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP US$612.5 million in a "full and final settlement of all claims." In a statement, RIM said that "all terms of the agreement have been finalized and the litigation against RIM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. The agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or injunctive relief."[citation needed]

See also: NTP, Inc.#RIM patent infringement litigation

Xerox

On July 17, 2003, while still embroiled in litigation with NTP and Good Technology, RIM filed suit against Xerox in the U.S. District of Hartford, Connecticut. The suit was filed in response to discussions about patents held by Xerox that might affect RIM's business, and also asked that patents held by Xerox be invalidated.[85]

Visto

On May 1, 2006, RIM was sued by Visto for infringement of four patents.[86] Though the patents were widely considered invalid and in the same veins as the NTP patents – with a judgement going against Visto in the U.K.[87][88] – RIM settled the lawsuit in the United States on July 16, 2009, with RIM agreeing to pay Visto US$267.5M plus other undisclosed terms.[89]

Motorola

On January 22, 2010, Motorola requested that all BlackBerry smartphones be banned from being imported into the United States for infringing upon five of Motorola's patents. Their patents for "early-stage innovations", including UI, power management and WiFi, are in question.[90] RIM countersued later the same day, alleging anti-competitive behaviour and that Motorola had broken a 2003 licensing agreement by refusing to extend licensing terms beyond 2008.[91] The companies settled out of court on June 11, 2010.[92]

Eatoni

On December 5, 2011, Research in Motion obtained an order granting its motion to dismiss plaintiff Eatoni's claims that RIM violated Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act and equivalent portions of New York's Donnelly Act. Eatoni alleged that RIM's alleged infringement of plaintiff's '317 patent constituted an antitrust violation. Eatoni Ergonomics, Inc. v. Research In Motion Corp., No. 08-Civ. 10079 (WHP) (S.D.N.Y. Dec 5, 2011), Memorandum and Order, p. 1 (Pauley, J.).[93]

Mformation

In July 2012, a U.S. federal court jury awarded damages (later overturned) of $147 million against Research in Motion. The jury found that Research in Motion had violated patents of Mformation and calculated damages of $8 each on 18.4 million units for royalties on past sales of devices to nongovernment U.S. customers only, not including future royalty payments inside and outside the U.S.[94] On August 9, 2012, the jury's finding was overturned on appeal. Judge James Ware said Mformation failed to establish that RIM had infringed on the company's patent.[95]

Acquisitions

Through the years, particularly as the company evolved towards its new platform, BlackBerry has made numerous acquisitions of third party companies and technology.

Certicom

Certicom Corp. is a cryptography company founded in 1985 by Gordon Agnew,[96] Ron Mullin and Scott Vanstone.

The Certicom intellectual property portfolio includes over 350 patents and patents pending worldwide that cover key aspects of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC): software optimizations, efficient hardware implementations, methods to enhance the security, and various cryptographic protocols.[citation needed]

The National Security Agency (NSA) has licensed 26 of Certicom's ECC patents as a way of clearing the way for the implementation of elliptic curves to protect US and allied government information.[97]

Certicom's current customers include General Dynamics, Motorola, Oracle, Research In Motion and Unisys.[citation needed]

On January 23, 2009, VeriSign entered into an agreement to acquire Certicom.[98] Research In Motion put in a counter-offer, which was deemed superior.[99] VeriSign did not match this offer,[100] and so Certicom announced an agreement to be acquired by RIM,.[101] Upon the completion of this transaction, Certicom became a wholly owned subsidiary of RIM, and was de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange on March 25, 2009.

Dash Navigation

In June 2009, RIM announced they would acquire Dash Navigation, makers of the Dash Express.[102]

Torch Mobile

In August 2009, RIM acquired Torch Mobile, enabling the inclusion of a Webkit-based browser on their BlackBerry devices, which became the web browser in subsequent Java based operating systems (BlackBerry 6, BlackBerry 7) and operating systems (QNX based BlackBerry Tablet OS and BlackBerry 10). The first product to contain this browser, was the BlackBerry Torch 9800, named after the company.

DataViz

On September 8, 2010, DataViz, Inc.sold their office suite Documents To Go and other assets to Research In Motion for $50 million.[103] Subsequently, the application which allows users to view and edit Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint was bundled on BlackBerry Smartphones and tablets.

Viigo

On March 26, 2010, the company announced its acquisition of Viigo, a Toronto-based company that developed the popular Viigo for BlackBerry applications, which aggregated news content from around the web. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.[104]

QNX

RIM reached an agreement with Harman International on April 12, 2010, for RIM to acquire QNX Software Systems. The acquired company was to serve as the foundation for the next generation BlackBerry platform that crossed devices.[105][106][107] QNX became the platform for the BlackBerry PlayBook and BlackBerry 10 Smartphones.

The Astonishing Tribe

The Astonishing Tribe (TAT), a user interface design company based in Malmö, Sweden.TAT was acquired by the company on December 2, 2010.[108][109] With a history of creating user interfaces and applications for mobile, TAT contributed heavily to the user experience of BlackBerry 10 as well as the development of its ui framework, Cascades.

JayCut

In July 2011, RIM brought on JayCut, a Sweden-based company that is an online video editor.[110] JayCut technology was incorporated into the media software of BlackBerry 10[110]

Tungle.me

On September 18, 2012, it was announced that the RIM service, Tungle.me would be shut down on December 3, 2012. RIM acquired Tungle.me in April 2011.[111]

Newbay

In July 2011, RIM acquired NewBay, an Irish-based company that is an online video, pics and tool for media networks editor. [112] RIM subsequently sold NewBay to Synchronoss in December 2012 for $55.5 million.[113]

Controversies

Stock option scandal settlement

In 2007, Co-CEO Jim Balsillie was forced to resign as chairman as the company announced a $250-million earnings restatement relating to mistakes in how it granted stock options. Furthermore, an internal review found that hundreds of stock-option grants had been backdated, timed to a low share price to make them more lucrative.[114]

In January 2009, Canadian regulators stated that they were seeking a record penalty of $80 million USD from the top two executives, Co-CEOs Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis. Furthermore, the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) has pushed for Balsillie to pay the bulk of any penalty and relinquish his seat on RIM's board of directors for a period of time.[115]

On February 5, 2009, several executives and directors of Research In Motion agreed to pay the penalties to settle an investigation into the backdating of stock options. The Ontario Securities Commission approved the arrangement in a closed-door meeting.

Under the terms of a settlement agreement with the OSC, RIM co-chief executive officers Jim Balsillie and Mike Lazaridis, as well as chief operating officer Dennis Kavelman, will jointly pay a total of $68-million (CDN) to RIM to reimburse the company for losses from the backdating and for the costs of a long internal investigation. The three are also required to pay $9-million (CDN) to the OSC.

Initially, Balsillie had stepped down from RIM's board of directors on a temporarily for a year and remained in his executive role.[116][117] Balsille left the Board in January 2012 and stepped down from his executive role in March 2012.

Environmental record

In November 2011, RIM was ranked 15th out of 15 electronics manufacturers in Greenpeace’s re-launched Guide to Greener Electronics. The guide ranks manufacturers according to their policies and practices to reduce their impact on the climate, produce greener products, and make their operations more sustainable. RIM appeared for the first time in 2011 with a score of 1.6 out of 10. In the Energy section the company was criticized by Greenpeace for not seeking external verification for its data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for not having a clean electricity plan and for not setting a target to reduce GHG emissions.[118]

RIM performed badly in the Products category, only scoring points for the energy efficiency of its products as it reports that its BlackBerry charger gets the European Commission IPP 4-star rating. Meanwhile on Sustainable Operations the company scored well for its stance on conflict minerals and received points for its Paper Procurement Policy and its mail-back programme for e-waste. Nevertheless, RIM was given no points for the management of GHG emissions from its supply chain.[118]

In its 2012 report on progress relating to conflict minerals, the Enough Project rated RIM the sixth highest of 24 consumer electronics companies.[119]

Anonymous open letter to management

On June 30, 2011, an alleged anonymous senior RIM employee penned an open letter to the company's senior management. The writer's main objective was getting co-CEOs Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie to seriously consider his or her suggestions and complaints on the current state and future direction of the company.[120]

Service outages

On October 10, 2011, RIM experienced one of the worst service outages in the company's history. Tens of millions of BlackBerry users in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North America were unable to receive or send emails and BBM messages through their phones.[121] The outage was caused as a result of a core switch failure, "A transition to a back-up switch did not function as tested, causing a large backlog of data, RIM said."[122] Service was restored Thursday October 13, with RIM announcing a $100 package of free premium apps for users and enterprise support extensions.[123][124]

Government access to servers

After a four-year stand-off with the Indian government over access to RIM's secure networks, the company demonstrated a solution that can intercept messages and emails exchanged between BlackBerry handsets, and make these encrypted communications available to Indian security agencies.[125]

References

  1. ^ a b Staff writer (January 30, 2013). "Press release: Research In Motion Changes Its Name to BlackBerry". RIMM. BlackBerry (Research in Motion Ltd.). http://press.rim.com/press/2013/resea rch-in-motion-changes-its-name-to-bla ckberry.html. Retrieved February 2, 2013. "WATERLOO, ON - Research In Motion (RIM) (NASDAQ: RIMM; TSX: RIM) has announced that it will now operate around the world under the iconic name BlackBerry, effective immediately."
  2. ^ a b c d e "Financial Tables". Research In Motion Investor Relations. http://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDA Q:BBRY&fstype=ii. Retrieved January 23, 2009.
  3. ^ "January 4, 2013 – RIM outsources IT support to NCR". Waterloo Record. Jan 4, 2013. http://www.therecord.com/news/busines s/article/864498--rim-outsources-it-s upport-to-ncr.
  4. ^ a b Miller, Hugo (January 30, 2013). "RIM Changes Company Name to BlackBerry". Bloomberg News. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-01 -30/rim-changes-company-name-to-black berry.html. Retrieved February 2, 2013. "The company has discussed dropping the RIM name for some time, said Boulben, who was hired as marketing chief last May."
  5. ^ a b Krashinsky, Susan (2013-01-30). "What’s in a name? Maybe corporate survival". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe- investor/whats-in-a-name-why-rim-has- recreated-itself/article7998504/. Retrieved 2013-01-30.
  6. ^ Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round
  7. ^ "Financing the BlackBerry". Blackberrynationbook.com. http://blackberrynationbook.com/index .php/BlackBerry_Nation_Sample_Chapter #Financing_The_BlackBerry. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  8. ^ "The road to BlackBerry 10: The evolution of RIM's OS and BES". ZDNet. http://www.zdnet.com/the-road-to-blac kberry-10-the-evolution-of-rims-os-an d-bes-7000009899/. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d "BlackBerry 10 launch: RIM changes company name to BlackBerry". Toronto Star. Bloomberg. 30 January 2013. http://www.thestar.com/business/2013/ 01/30/blackberry_10_launch_rim_change s_company_name_to_blackberry.html. Retrieved 2013-01-30.
  10. ^ "RIM BlackBerry Storm sold 500,000 units in the first month?". phonearena. http://www.phonearena.com/news/RIM-Bl ackBerry-Storm-sold-500000-units-in-t he-first-month_id3894/comments. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  11. ^ http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2011/1/comScore_Reports_No vember_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Ma rket_Share
  12. ^ http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2010/12/comScore_Reports_O ctober_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Ma rket_Share
  13. ^ http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2010/11/comScore_Reports_S eptember_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_ Market_Share
  14. ^ http://crackberry.com/press-release-r esearch-motion-reports-third-quarter- results
  15. ^ http://www.marketwire.com/press-relea se/research-in-motion-reports-third-q uarter-fiscal-2013-results-nasdaq-rim m-1740316.htm
  16. ^ http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2013/1/comScore_Reports_No vember_2012_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Ma rket_Share
  17. ^ http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_4114_1.htm l%20News%20Release
  18. ^ http://mashable.com/2011/12/02/playbo ok-485-million-charge/
  19. ^ http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/1 2/17/us-rim-idUSTRE7BD1ST20111217
  20. ^ "RIM layoffs blamed on failure to innovate". Toronto Star. July 28, 2011. http://www.thestar.com/business/2011/ 07/28/rim_layoffs_blamed_on_failure_t o_innovate.html. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
  21. ^ http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/13/techn ology/blackberry_outage/index.htm
  22. ^ http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/ 22/rim-co-ceos-resign-hand-to-job-to- insider/
  23. ^ http://www.engadget.com/2012/03/29/ri m-announces-q4-2012-earnings-jim-bals illie-resigns-from-compa/
  24. ^ http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-a nd-communications/mobile-phones/black berry-10-operating-system-delayed-unt il-2013-says-rim-1087414
  25. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story /2013/01/29/business-rim-blackberry.h tml
  26. ^ "Research in Motion Reports Second quarter Results". October 4, 2007. http://www.rim.com/investors/document s/pdf/financial/2008/Q2_financial_inf ormation.pdf.
  27. ^ "Research in Motion Reports Third quarter Results". December 18, 2008. http://www.rim.com/investors/document s/pdf/financial/2009/Q3_financial_inf ormation.pdf.
  28. ^ "Research in Motion Reports Third quarter Results". December 16, 2010. http://www.rim.com/investors/document s/pdf/financial/2011/Q3_financial_inf ormation.pdf.
  29. ^ "Research in Motion Reports First quarter Results". June 28, 2012. http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/ press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_ Press_Release.pdf.
  30. ^ "RIM shares rise on new phone hopes". Globe and Mail. Canada. September 25, 2012. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe- investor/rim-subscriber-base-grows-to -80-million/article4567392/.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Research In Motion Year-Over-Year Growth". Press Release. GuruFocus. May 23, 2011. http://www.gurufocus.com/news/134176/ research-in-motion-on-its-deathbed-. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
  32. ^ "BlackBerry market share slides again amid takeover talk". January 30, 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology /blackberry/8985101/BlackBerry-market -share-slides-again-amid-takeover-tal k.html. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  33. ^ "Why the Canadian love affair with BlackBerry isn’t over yet". January 24, 2012. http://www.thestar.com/news/article/1 120466. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  34. ^ "CEO Balsillie shrugs off 'BlackBerry killer'". July 7, 2007. http://www.thestar.com/business/2007/ 07/07/ceo_balsillie_shrugs_off_blackb erry_killer.html.
  35. ^ "iPhone morphs into BlackBerry killer?". July3rd, 2008. http://www.siliconrepublic.com/new-me dia/item/10053-iphone-morphs-into-bla ckber.
  36. ^ "Apple Quarterly Earnings: 6.9 Million iPhones Sold, "More Phones Than RIM"". Gizmodo. Canada. October 21, 2008. http://gizmodo.com/5066543/apple-quar terly-earnings-69-million-iphones-sol d-more-phones-than-rim.
  37. ^ "Apple Reports First Quarter Results". January 21, 2009. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/ 01/21Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Resu lts.html.
  38. ^ a b "RIM News Release". http://ca.blackberry.com/content/dam/ bbCompany/Desktop/Global/PDF/Investor s/Documents/2013/Q3FY13_final_filing. pdf. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  39. ^ [1]
  40. ^ [2]
  41. ^ "comScore Reports September 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share". November 3, 2010. http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2010/11/comScore_Reports_S eptember_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_ Market_Share.
  42. ^ "comScore Reports April 2011 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share". June 3, 2011. http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2011/6/comScore_Reports_Ap ril_2011_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Marke t_Share.
  43. ^ "comScore Reports January 2013 U.S. Smartphone Subscriber Market Share". March 6, 2013. http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2013/3/comScore_Reports_Ja nuary_2013_U.S._Smartphone_Subscriber _Market_Share.
  44. ^ "comScore Reports January 2010 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share". March 10, 2010. http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2010/3/comScore_Reports_Ja nuary_2010_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Mar ket_Share.
  45. ^ "comScore Reports January 2011 U.S. Mobile Subscriber Market Share". March 7, 2010. http://www.comscore.com/Insights/Pres s_Releases/2011//comScore_Reports_Jan uary_2011_U.S._Mobile_Subscriber_Mark et_Share.
  46. ^ Prosser, David (27 July 2012). "Smartphone war moves at killer speed". http://www.moneyobserver.com/issue/fe atures/smartphone-war-moves-killer-sp eed. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  47. ^ Gary NG (October 18, 2010). "Apple 2010 Q4 Resulst: 14.1M iPhone sold, Jobs blasts RIM". http://www.iphoneincanada.ca/news/app le-q4-results-14m-iphones-sold-jobs-b lasts-rim/. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  48. ^ a b c d Garside, Juliette (17 February 2013). "BlackBerry's hometown waits in hope of a renaissance". http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/ 2013/feb/17/blackberrys-hometown-wait -hope-renaissance.
  49. ^ "RIM posts loss as new CEO begins to clean house". Reuters. March 30, 2012. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/0 3/30/us-rim-idUSBRE82S1DD20120330.
  50. ^ "Google's Android Gains Share in Smartphone-Survey". May 15, 2012. http://www.mobilenapps.com/articles/2 147/20120515/googles-android-gains-sh are-smartphone-survey.htm.
  51. ^ a b "RIM News Release". http://press.rim.com/content/dam/rim/ press/PDF/Financial/FY2013/Q1_FY2013_ Press_Release.pdf. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
  52. ^ a b Marlow, Iain (January 27, 2013). "RIM's long road to reinvent the BlackBerry". http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe- investor/rims-long-road-to-reinvent-t he-blackberry/article7901031/. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  53. ^ Ogg, Erica (June 30, 2011). "Anonymous letter bemoans RIM management woes".
  54. ^ Ogg, Erica (June 30, 2011). "RIM investors pull proposal to split CEO role". CNET. http://news.cnet.com/8301-31021_3-200 75916-260/rim-investors-pull-proposal -to-split-ceo-role/?part=rss&subj =news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
  55. ^ "RIM Press Release". January 22, 2012. http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5 358. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
  56. ^ a b "Jim Balsillie resigns amid poor RIM results". CBC News. March 29, 2012. http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story /2012/03/29/rim-earnings.html. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  57. ^ "BlackBerry maker Research in Motion to focus on business customers after revenue falls 25pc". The Daily Telegraph. March 29, 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/ne wsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms /electronics/9175006/BlackBerry-maker -Research-in-Motion-to-focus-on-busin ess-customers-after-revenue-falls-25p c.html. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  58. ^ "Blackberry-maker RIM plans new focus amid $125m loss". BBC News. March 29, 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17 557177. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  59. ^ "RIM Q4 Fiscal 2012 earnings: Balsillie resigns, 11.1 million smartphones and 500,000 PlayBooks shipped". CBC News. March 29, 2012. http://mobilesyrup.com/2012/03/29/rim -q4-2012-earnings-balsillie-resigns-1 1-million-blackberry-smartphones-and- 500000-playbooks-shipped/. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  60. ^ "RIM loses two more executives following poor Q4 results". CBC News. April 8, 2012. http://www.theverge.com/2012/4/8/2934 655/rim-loses-two-more-executives. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  61. ^ a b "Karima Bawa, RIM's Chief Legal Officer, Leaves Company As New Round Of Layoffs Looms". CBC News. May 28, 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2012/05/ 28/karima-bawa-research-in-motion_n_1 550984.html. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  62. ^ "BlackBerry CIO Robin Bienfait Abruptly Retires from RIM". January 4, 2013. http://blogs.cio.com/blackberry/17671 /blackberry-cio-robin-bienfait-abrupt ly-retires-rim.
  63. ^ "RIM posts loss as new CEO begins to clean house". April 2010. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/0 3/30/us-rim-idUSBRE82S1DD20120330. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  64. ^ McQueen, Rod. BlackBerry. pp 201. Key Porter Books. 2010
  65. ^ Singh, Gurmukh (July 26, 2011). "Grim scenes as Blackberry cuts 2,000 jobs – Yahoo!". In.news.yahoo.com. http://in.news.yahoo.com/grim-scenes- blackberry-cuts-2-000-jobs-050931571. html. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  66. ^ Miller, Hugo (June 17, 2011). "RIM Drops to Four-Year Low After Forecast Misses Estimates". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06 -16/rim-forecast-misses-estimates-as- lack-of-new-blackberry-models-hurts-s ales.html. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  67. ^ "RIM Shares Tumble on Delayed BlackBerry". Bloomberg. December 16, 2011. http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011 -12-15/rim-forecast-misses-analyst-es timates?category=%2Fnews%2Ftechnology %2F.
  68. ^ Levy, Carmi (December 29, 2011). "2011: The year RIM fell to earth". http://ca.finance.yahoo.com/blogs/ins ight/2011-rim-fell-earth-152926790.ht ml.
  69. ^ "Analysts say RIM ripe for takeover". Ottawacitizen.com. June 21, 2011. http://www.ottawacitizen.com/business /Analysts+ripe+takeover/4983675/story .html?cid=megadrop_story. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  70. ^ "RIM shares take hit after BlackBerry maker ordered to pay $147M in patent suit". The Canadian Press. July 16, 2012. http://business.financialpost.com/201 2/07/16/rim-shares-take-hit-after-bla ckberry-maker-ordered-to-pay-147m-in- patent-suit/. Retrieved July 17, 2012.
  71. ^ Hicks, Jesse (February 21, 2012). "Research, no motion: How the BlackBerry CEOs lost an empire". http://www.theverge.com/2012/2/21/278 9676/rim-blackberry-mike-lazaridis-ji m-balsillie-lost-empire. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  72. ^ a b "Research In Motion’s BlackBerry 10 and New Devices". The Wall Street Journal. http://stream.wsj.com/story/research- in-motions-blackberry-10-and-new-devi ces/SS-2-150702/. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  73. ^ "BlackBerry 10 to launch January 30". The Toronto Star. November 12, 2012. http://www.thestar.com/business/artic le/1286254--rim-sets-blackberry-10-la unch-for-january.
  74. ^ "RIM CEO "Seriously Considered Android"". BGR. http://www.bgr.com/2012/08/03/rim-ceo -thorsten-heins-interview-android/.
  75. ^ "Super Bowl to kick off cross-border ad action". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report -on-business/industry-news/marketing/ super-bowl-to-kick-off-cross-border-a d-action/article8140216/. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  76. ^ "Research In Motion Ticker Change to Take Effect Monday, February 4". Research In Motion. 2013-01-31. http://press.blackberry.com/press/201 3/rim-ticker-change-to-take-effect-mo nday-february-4.html. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
  77. ^ "Palm'sTungsten and MIMS target RIM's LIMs". http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/09/ 24/palmstungsten_and_mims_target_rims /.
  78. ^ "Glenayre Electronics home page". http://www.glenayremessaging.com/mess aging/.
  79. ^ "RIM press release, May 17, 2001, "Research In Motion Files Wireless Patent Complaint Against Glenayre Electronics, Inc."". May 17, 2001. http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5 30.
  80. ^ "RIM unleashes more lawyers on Good". http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/07/ 12/rim_unleashes_more_lawyers/.
  81. ^ a b "RIM sues Handspring, Good". http://news.cnet.com/rim-sues-handspr ing,-good/2100-1041_3-958550.html.
  82. ^ "Good Technology settles with Lawsuits in Motion". http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/03/ 28/good_technology_settles_with_lawsu its/.
  83. ^ "RIM granted handheld email patent – clobbers Handspring". September 19, 2002. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/09/ 19/rim_granted_handheld_email_patent/.
  84. ^ "Handspring settles Lawsuits in Motion suit". http://www.theregister.co.uk/2002/11/ 05/handspring_settles_lawsuits_in_mot ion/.
  85. ^ "Lawsuits In Motion files suit against Xerox". http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/07/ 29/lawsuits_in_motion_files_suit/.
  86. ^ "Intellectual Property Professional Information Center: Visto Corp. Sues BlackBerry Maker RIM". Ipcenter.bna.com. http://ipcenter.bna.com/pic2/ip.nsf/i d/BNAP-6PNTRU?OpenDocument. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  87. ^ Phillips, Jeremy. "More brinksmanship as RIM fends off Visto patent". The IPKat. http://ipkitten.blogspot.com/2008/03/ more-brinksmanship-as-rim-fends-off.h tml. Retrieved March 3, 2008.
  88. ^ Floyd, Honourable Justice. "Judgement, [2008 EWHC 335 (Pat), Case No: HC-06-C03912 and HC-06-C04227"]. http://alpha.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC /Patents/2008/335.html.
  89. ^ "Research In Motion and Visto Corporation Sign Definitive Agreement to Settle Outstanding Litigation". http://www.fiercewireless.com/press-r eleases/research-motion-and-visto-cor poration-sign-definitive-agreement-se ttle-outstanding-li.
  90. ^ "Motorola asks ITC to ban BlackBerry imports". Engadget. http://www.engadget.com/2010/01/22/mo torola-asks-itc-to-ban-blackberry-imp orts/. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  91. ^ Desmond, Maurna (February 18, 2008). "It's War for RIM and Motorola". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2008/02/18/RIM- motorola-patent-lawsuit-markets-equit y_cx-md-marketsx15.html.
  92. ^ "Motorola and Research In Motion Announce Settlement and License Agreement". http://mediacenter.motorola.com/conte nt/detail.aspx?ReleaseID=12922&Ne wsAreaId=2.
  93. ^ Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton (December 30, 2011). "RIM Defeats Sherman Act Section 2 Claims At Pleading Stage". The National Law Review. http://www.natlawreview.com/article/r im-defeats-sherman-act-section-2-clai ms-pleading-stage. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  94. ^ Gullo, Karen (July 14, 2012). "RIM Must Pay $147 Million Over Mformation Patent". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07 -13/research-in-motion-must-pay-147-2 -million-in-mformation-suit.html.
  95. ^ "RIM wins patent appeal, but Samsung denies rumours of tie-up". Financial Post. August 9, 2012. http://business.financialpost.com/201 2/08/09/rim-wins-patent-appeal-but-sa msung-denies-rumours-of-tie-up/.
  96. ^ "Technology Transfer Partners of University of Waterloo". University of Waterloo web site. http://www.ece.uwaterloo.ca/Partnersh ip/CurrentPartners/TechnologyTransfer /. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
  97. ^ The Case for Elliptic Curve Cryptography
  98. ^ "News from VeriSign, Inc". Press.verisign.com. https://press.verisign.com/easyir/cus tomrel.do?easyirid=AFC0FF0DB5C560D3&a mp;version=live&prid=468323&r eleasejsp=custom_97. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
  99. ^ [3][dead link]
  100. ^ [4][dead link]
  101. ^ [5][dead link]
  102. ^ Lendino, Jamie (June 5, 2009). "Research in Motion Acquires Dash Navigation & Opinion". PCMag.com. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817, 2348281,00.asp. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  103. ^ Bradley, Tony. "RIM Buys "Documents To Go", But Microsoft Missed Out". PC world. http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter /article/205025/rim_buys_documents_to _go_but_microsoft_missed_out.html?tk= hp_new. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  104. ^ "RIM Acquires BlackBerry-App Maker Viigo". March 28, 2010. http://paidcontent.org/article/419-ri m-acquires-blackberry-app-maker-viigo /. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  105. ^ "Research In Motion to Acquire QNX Software Unit from Harman International". April 9, 2010. http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=3 766. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  106. ^ "Research In Motion to Acquire QNX Software Systems from Harman International". April 2010. http://www.qnx.com/news/pr_4114_1.htm l. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  107. ^ "Research in Motion to buy QNX Software". April 12, 2010. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financ ialnews/D9F1L0001.htm. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  108. ^ http://www.cantechletter.com/2010/12/ is-rim-set-to-make-an-astonishing-com eback-with-the-astonishing-tribe
  109. ^ "RIM welcomes TAT!". Research In Motion Inc. December 2, 2010. http://blogs.blackberry.com/2010/12/r im-welcomes-tat/. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
  110. ^ a b Rachel King, ZDNet. "RIM adds another deck chair with JayCut." July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2011.
  111. ^ Tungle.me website: Life is About the Journey Retrieved September 18, 2012
  112. ^ RIM buys NewBay Irish Published July 10, 2011
  113. ^ Synchronoss Technologies Announces Acquisition of NewBay
  114. ^ Martin, Richard (March 10, 2007). "RIM's Stock Options Blunder – RIM". InformationWeek. http://www.informationweek.com/news/m obility/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=1 97801695. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  115. ^ "RIM CEOs may face C$100 million penalty: report – Yahoo! Canada Finance". Ca.news.finance.yahoo.com. http://ca.news.finance.yahoo.com/s/22 012009/6/finance-rim-ceos-face-c-100- million-penalty-report.html. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  116. ^ "R.I.M. Officers Settle Backdating Case". The New York Times. February 6, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/06/tec hnology/companies/06rim.html?ref=busi ness. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  117. ^ "This page is available to GlobePlus subscribers". Toronto: Business.theglobeandmail.com. http://business.theglobeandmail.com/s ervlet/story/RTGAM.20090205.wrimosc02 05/BNStory/Business/home?cid=al_gam_m ostemail. Retrieved February 18, 2011.[dead link]
  118. ^ a b "Guide to Greener Electronics – Greenpeace International". Greenpeace International. http://www.greenpeace.org/internation al/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-i t/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
  119. ^ Lezhnev, Sasha; Alex Hellmuth (Aug 2012). "Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets: Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012" (PDF). Enough Project. http://www.enoughproject.org/files/Co rporateRankings2012.pdf. Retrieved 2012-08-17.
  120. ^ Erica Ogg, CNET. "Anonymous letter bemoans RIM management woes." Jun 30, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
  121. ^ Arthur, Charles (October 17, 2011). "BlackBerry service crash affects BBM messaging for millions". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/ 2011/oct/10/blackberry-outage-affects -bbm-services.
  122. ^ [6][dead link]
  123. ^ "BlackBerry Service Update". Rim.com. http://www.rim.com/newsroom/service-u pdate.shtml. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
  124. ^ "Research In Motion Offers Free Premium Apps to Customers Following Service Interruptions". Press.rim.com. October 17, 2011. http://press.rim.com/release.jsp?id=5 214. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
  125. ^ "BlackBerry maker Research in Motion agrees to hand over its encryption keys to India". The Times Of India. August 2, 2012. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/n ews/news-by-industry/telecom/blackber ry-maker-research-in-motion-agrees-to -hand-over-its-encryption-keys-to-ind ia/articleshow/15319701.cms.

Further reading

External links

(Sebelumnya) Bitwise operationBlackBerry Enterprise Server (Berikutnya)